Requirements for Land Cover Standard from the Perspective of Implementation in China. ZHOU Xu National Geomatics Center of China

Transcription

1 Requirements for Land Cover Standard from the Perspective of Implementation in China ZHOU Xu National Geomatics Center of China

2 Contents 1. Background 2. The LC Classification System 3. The Implementation

3 1 Background With accelerated industrialization and urbanization, we face more rigorous ecological and environmental pressure and greater demand from the people to protect the environment and treat pollution. Resource conservation and environmental protection have become China s basic national policy. The government gives prominence to ecological situation and set the goal to build a resource conserving and environmentally friendly society and a beautiful China. To take practical action, We need high quality and detailed data to identify problems and find the way to fix the problems.

4 1 Background Forestry Administration dynamic monitoring and evaluation of forest resources; management of forestland and forest ownership; supervising acquisition, occupation and development & utilization of forestland managing state-owned forest resources Environmental protection Guide, coordinate and supervise ecological conservation Guide, coordinate and supervise the environmental protection of various kinds of nature reserves, scenic spots and forest parks; coordinate and supervise such activities as conservation of wildlife, wetland environmental protection and prevention and control of desertification. Coordinate and guide eco environment protection in rural areas, supervise environmental safety of biotechnology; Water Resources water resources management and supervision, to ensure water resources are rationally developed and utilized Take charge of water resource protection flood control and drought relief soil and water losses control water facilities construction and management

5 1 Background Land and Resources To develop policies and regulations concerning cultivated land, especially those that protect and encourage the development of cultivated land ; to enforce the control over the different purposes of land used for agriculture; to organize the protection of capital farmland ; to administrate and supervise the development of unused land and cultivated land, land revitalization and reclamation so as to ensure the increase instead of decrease of cultivated land ; Agriculture To organize the zoning of agricultural resources, ecological agriculture and sustainable agricultural development; to guide the exploitation of agricultural land, fishery waters, grasslands, shoals and swamps suitable for agricultural purposes.

6 Why not use existing Land use data? About the 2 nd National Land Survey Started: July,1, 2007 Cut-off time: Dec,31,2009 Result released : 30 December 2013 Updated annually

7 Difference between LC and LU Different concept LC: put focus on the physical nature of the earth surface LU: put focus on the social nature of the land Climate Change Natural duration gradual Land Cover Type 3 change Physical System sudden Land Cover Type 1 Land Cover Type 2 Driving Forces Impacts from environment Driving Forces Social Environment Land Use Type 1 Land Cover Type 4

8 Why not use existing Land use data? LU is the direct driving force for LC changes, and LC is the result of LU LC data reflects the current status of physical environment Different method of identifying parcels LU: onsite investigation is required LC: more easy to be monitored by remote sensing method

9 Requirement of LC data LU data can not always meet the needs, especial for ecological issues. Carbon Sinks Evaluation Eco-system protection evaluation A high resolution LC data covering the whole country was not exist in China.

10 2. The Classification System

11 Existing Land Cover Classification work Land Use Classification System land cover classification scheme used by some projects of environment protect, forestry, agriculture and land management sectors. FAO:LCCS European CORINE land cover classification system USGS land use and land cover classification system Global Land Cover Project Conducted by China Others Problems: Based on 30 meters or lower resolution imagery data Used for a local area or the classification system is not detailed enough A commonly used system for the whole country is in need. 11

12 Requirements for a LCC system of China The wide geographic coverage, varied physical environment How to decide the scale or minimal parcel size According to the most used display devices, use 20*20 pixel (equivalent to 5mm*5mm) as the minimal parcel size Monitoring oriented or general investigation oriented Monitoring takes snap shot, general investigation cares the average state which need multi-temporal information to detect Feasibility of quality control The classification system item is identifiable not only for data acquisition but also for quality control Cost for time and financial investment All work must be finished before the deadline with high-quality result Others:quality of imagery data: cloud or snow cover, poor coverage, different resolution, different photo time and varied remote sensing platform and so on. 12

13 Pre-conditions for the LCC system With ISO /2 as a guide, we set pre-conditions as: 1. Use the identifiable natural features of the objects as classification criteria. 2. Use images which resolution is better than 5m as data source, usually better than 2m even 1m. 3. Reduce the reliability on multi-temporal imagery. 4. Most of 1 st -2 nd level class items could be identified from remote sensing imagery data in office by skilled operators, only for some 3 rd level class items need necessary further field check 5. Provide interface for sectors existing specifications 13

14 the LCC frame The first level items Earth Surface Plant covered? Y N Artificial Degree? Artificial Degree? Artificial Natural of quasi-natural Man-made Natural of quasi-natural Growth form Growth form Height and shape Land/Water herbage woody woody herbage High Low Land Water Water Bared Disarranged Road Structure Buildings Grass Woods Garden crops 14

15 15 Overview of the classification system 3 levels, 1 st level: 10,2 nd level: 45,3 rd level: 87 No. 1 st level class 2 nd level class 3 rd level class 01 Crops 耕地 Garden 园地 Woods 林地 Grass 草地 Buildings 房屋建筑 ( 区 ) Road 道路 Structures 构筑物 Disarranged 人工堆掘地 Bared 裸露地表 Water 水域 2 4 总计

16 01-crops 耕地 Definition: Land covered by crops including land with shifting cultivation, intercropping crops with limited trees covering less than 50% 0110 Aquatic crops 水田 : including paddy, lotus, water caltrop, horse's hoof and arrow head, etc Terrestrial crops 旱地 : Including barley, corn, hullessbarley etc. Land with alternation of crops within 2 years will be considered as Aquatic crops land. Greenhouse is a special type, not belongs to crops land. 16

17 Samples of crops land Samples of Aquatic crops (0110)and Terrestrial crops (0120) Aquatic Terrestrial 17

18 02-Garden 园地 Definition: land covered by well managed cultivated perennial plants, where the coverage of cultivated perennial plants should be over 50%. Including: 0210 orchard 0211 Woody orchard 0212 Liana orchard 0213 Herbage orchard 0220 tea plantation 0230 mulberry plantation 0240 rubber plantation 0250 nursery 0260 flower nursery 0270 Other 18

19 Samples of garden Orchard in Anhui Orchard in Tianjin Orchard in Yunnan 19

20 03-woods 林地 Definition:Surface covered by woods Including: 031 Trees 乔木林 : Areas occupied by woodlands with a vegetation pattern composed of native or exotic coniferous and/or deciduous. The forest trees are under normal climatic conditions higher than 5 m with a canopy closure of 30 % at least Broad-leaved trees 阔叶林 :composed principally of trees, including shrub and bush understories, where broad-leaved species predominate 0312 Coniferous trees 针叶林 :composed principally of trees, including shrub and bush understoreys, where coniferous species predominate 0313 Mixed trees 针阔混交林 :Vegetation formation composed principally of trees, including shrub and bush understories, where neither broad-leaved nor coniferous species predominate 032 Shrubs 灌木林 : Vegetation formation composed principally of shrub and bush 0321 Broad-leaved Shrubs 阔叶灌木林 0322 Coniferous Shrubs 针叶灌木林 0323 Mixed Shrubs 针阔混交灌木林 Combination of Trees and Shrubs Bamboo Open forest Urban woods Saplings Scattered bushes Minimal parcel size:1600m 2 20

21 04- Grass 草地 Definition: Surface covered by grass, including natural and artificial Including: Natural grass 天然草地 0411 High coverage 高覆盖度草地 :>50 % 0412 Middle coverage 中覆盖度草地 :20 %~50 % 0413 Low coverage 低覆盖度草地 :10%~20% 人工草地 0421 pasture 牧草地 0422 urban grass 绿化草地 0423 revetment grass 护坡草地 Minimal parcel size: In prairie area: 1600m 2 Other area: 400m 2 21

22 05-Buildings 房屋建筑 ( 区 ) Definition: Surface covered by buildings Including: Multi-floor Buildings Low buildings Abandoned buildings Multi-floor stand-alone building Low stand-alone building Minimal parcel size: Generally for buldings:1600m 2 For building:200m 2-400m 2 22

23 06- Way 道路 Definition: Surface covered by all kinds of road Including: Railway 铁路 Highway 公路 City street 城市道路 Rural road 乡村道路 Minimal parcel size: All paved road with width more than 3 meters 23

24 07-Structures 构筑物 Definition: Area covered by man-made structures (not including road) Including: paved area:area paved with cement, asphalt, brick, rammed earth and so on Squares, playing field, parking lot, tarmac, revetment, playground, storage yard, trodden area Dam/embankment Greenhouse Built pool Outdoor Industry Facilities Other structures 24

25 Samples: Tombs Structure Tombs 25

26 Samples: greenhouse Greenhouse 26

27 Samples: revetment

28 Definition 08- Disarranged 人工堆掘地 Surface covered permanently by waste or excavated, or is under construction Including: Open pit Waste pile Building site Minimal parcel size :1600m 2 28

29 09-Bared 荒漠与裸露地表 Definition:Surface covered by natural mineral materials Including: saline or alkaline 盐碱地表 Clay 泥土地表 Sand 沙质地表 Gravel 砾石地表 Rock 岩石地表 Minimal parcel size :in desert area 10000m 2,other area 1600m 2 29

30 Sample: bared area 30

31 10- water 水域 Definition:Surface covered by water Minimal parcel size :400m 2 31

32 Contents 1. Background 2. The Classification System 3. The Implementation

33 3. Implementation the 1st national geographic conditions census

34 1 st national geographic conditions census Oct. 2010, National Administration of Survying, Mapping and Geoinformation(NASG) started to propose the program Sep.2011,the Sate Council approved the proposal Sep.2012, the program initiated with fund from center government Mar. 2013, the Sate Council claimed to conduct 1 st national geographic conditions census

35 Overview of the Process Imagery data processing Information Extract Field Check Data Editing and compiling More than 50,000 technicians spend 3 years from 2013 to 2015, and 8.6 Billion, capturing data. We constructed a integrated database and published the report in Apr. 2017

36 Methods High resolution remote sensing imagery data is the main data source. Existing geo-data also is used as reference. Put focus on land cover classification. With enough field survey and on-site check. Quality control for the full process

37 Data Sources And kinds of digital aerial photo data Satellites Data type Spectral(nm) Band No. Res.(m) Num. of Bands WorldView-1 panchromatic WorldView-2 QUICKBIRD SPOT5 SPOT6 ZY-3 IKONOS GeoEye-1 pléiade-1a/1b panchromatic ( 蓝 ) ( 绿 ) 2 multispectral ( 红 ) ( 红外 1) 4 panchromatic ( 蓝 ) ( 绿 ) 2 multispectral ( 红 ) ( 近红外 ) 4 panchromatic ( 绿 ) 1 multispectral ( 红 ) ( 近红外 ) 3 panchromatic ( 蓝 ) ( 绿 ) 2 multispectral ( 红 ) ( 近红外 ) 4 panchromatic ( 蓝 ) ( 绿 ) 2 multispectral ( 红 ) ( 近红外 ) 4 panchromatic ( 蓝 ) ( 绿 ) 2 multispectral ( 红 ) ( 近红外 ) 4 panchromatic ( 蓝 ) ( 绿 ) 2 multispectral ( 红 ) ( 近红外 ) 4 panchromatic ( 蓝 ) ( 绿 ) 2 multispectral ( 红 ) ( 近红外 ) 4

38 Sat. Aerial Aerial Aerial Aerial

39 Classify 内业信息采集 Computer Classification 计算机自动分类 With mount of experiment during the preparing stage Many difficult to be overcome: Diversity of data sources 数据源 Skilled operators 知识结构 Capacity of computing devices 设备能力 Interpretation 人工解译 Human-computer interaction The primary method used

40 Field check

41 Outcomes Currentness: June, 30,2015 All data results : TB Land Cover Data Feature Data Geotagged Photo Spatial Metadata Ortho-imagery Terrain data >260 million parcels Entity of road water body and geographic unit, >25 million Geotagged Photo,3 million, TB Tracks of field check: million km 90% resolution best than 1m,280 TB DEM Slope Aspect: TB >320GB

42 Grass Land Cover Data High resolution imagery data Road Garden Crops Woods Constructing site Buldings water

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52 Feature Data Rivers of length are less than 500m 短于 500 米的河流 Admin Units 行政管理单元 Planning Units 规划管理单元 City Functional Units 城镇功能单元 Geographic Units 自然地理单 元

53 Basins and Rivers

54 Railways and roads

55 Onsite sampling data Over 3 million pairs of photo captured in the field and remote sensing data for the site. 55

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57 Metadata Imager data source Method of data capturing Quality check Trak of field check

58 Data updating update the data annually since 2016 Data source: 1 meter or better imagery data for frequently changing area (about 1.5 million km 2 ) ; 2 meters imagery data for the rest area

59 Thank you! 谢谢!