* Tomoyuki NAITO. Article ha 2020 ODA ITTO ODA CITES NGO ODA

Transcription

1 Article The Illegal Logging Issue and Japan s Official Development Assistance Consideration on International Cooperation on the Illegal Logging Issue in Indonesia * Tomoyuki NAITO ha 2020 ODA ITTO ODA 3 CITES NGO ODA * JICA Chief (Indonesia), Regional Department 1, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) PhD Candidate, Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies, Waseda University 1

2 ABSTRACT Illegal logging in Indonesia is internationally known as an issue of somewhat sensitive aspects, due to its scale and politically related structure. While approximately 1.5 to 2.0 million ha of forests have been destroyed every year, the Government of Indonesia could recover only about half of the space of the destroyed forests since late 1990s to date. It is said that the forests on the island of Kalimantan could be gone by 2020, as an earliest expectation. Further, Japan's ODA has, to some extent, contributed to this matter, though it has been limited to funding for international organizations. This paper tries to prove the hypothesis that Japan's ODA is effective to control illegal logging in Indonesia, through consideration and analysis of its pertinent conditionality. After the consideration of the hypothesis, this paper points out the factors impeding effective cooperation, such as the constraints of Japan's ODA in technical conditionality and political complications that might be caused by Japan's assistance, as well as the lack of recipient country's understanding of the aid scheme. To deal with these impediments, the following measures are proposed: to implement a technical advisory system for Merbau's registration procedure for CITES, which would not be directly affected by the political aspect; to assist non-governmental organizations that have conducted the issue's research directly, and to strengthen the function of the country's legal system through assistance for the local forum. Japan's ODA is requested to adopt a more firm stance to support illegal logging control in Indonesia, now that the current President Susilo Bambang Yudoyono is strongly taking initiative in fighting against corruption, following the former President Megawati, who could not realize any concrete measures ha ha ) 2) Consultative Group for Indonesia : CGI CGI Working Group : WG WG CGI Department for International Development : DfID European Union : EU 2

3 WG EU Forest Law Enforcement, Governance, and Trade : FLEGT 2006 Illegal Logging Response Center WG Official Development Assistance : ODA Japan International Cooperation Agency : JICA ODA I ODA 2 3 Japan Bank for International Cooperation : JBIC JICA ODA 100% 19.1% 21.3% 30.9% 28.7% 2003 DAC 3) ODA International Tropical Timber Organization : ITTO 2 ITTO US ITTO Betung Kerihun 85 ha Keyan Mentarang 140 ha Development and Implementation of Guidelines to Control Illegal Logging for Sustainable Forest Management in 3

4 Indonesia PD74/01 Rev.1(M) ITTO ITTO US US 6 7 4) ITTO ODA 4 FLEG ITTO FLEG WSSD 45 c) AFP FLEG FLEGT EU FLEG FLEG

5 II WSSD % ODA 5) BHN Basic Human Needs 1998 NGO 10 5

6 TEMPO Yes % No % 6) NGO Telapak NGO Environmental Investigation Agency EIA The Last Frontier 30 m 3 Merbau Zhangjiagang 270US /m 3 10US /m US / FLEG Telapak/EIA The Last Frontier 6

7 bribes Telapak/EIA 3 Operasi Hutan Lestari 100 Telapak/EIA TEMPO ODA ITTO 15 US Telapak/EIA JICA 7

8 1 JICA JICA III 3 Telapak/EIA ODA CITES CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora : CITES Telapak/EIA Ramin 7) CITES CITES 8 17 CITES 8

9 CITES 8) NGO NGO 2004 JICA NGO NGO 9) Telapak/EIA NGO ODA NGO NGO CITES ITTO NGO 9

10 NGO KOMPAS Newspaper. Telapak&EIA 2005 The Last Frontier - Illegal Logging in Papua and China s Massive Timber Theft. TEMPO magazine 2005 The Rape of Merbau. March 7-14, JICA ha 70 ha 2) Telapak&EIA : The Last Frontier - Illegal Logging in Papua and China s Massive Timber Theft -, ). 4) 37 ITTO Report of Completed Projects and Pre-Projects 5) The Jakarta Post, ) TEMPO ) Telapak&EIA : The Final Cut, August, ) ITTO: ITTO Tropical Forest Update, December, ) JICA 2004 JICA Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2004 Forest Finance. Working Paper : FSFM / ACC /