An Overview of the Global Forest Resources Assessment FRA 2010

Transcription

1 APCAS/10/34 April 2010 Agenda Item 12 ASIA AND PACIFIC COMMISSION ON AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS TWENTY-THIRD SESSION Siem Reap, Cambodia, April 2010 An Overview of the Global Forest Resources Assessment FRA 2010 Abstract The mandate of FAO, reconfirmed by recent decisions of its governing bodies, representing the member countries of the organization, requires FAO to provide regular information on the status and trends of the world s forests resources. FAO is currently finalizing the assessment of the world s forests for the period through the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 (FRA 2010). The information for FRA 2010 has been provided by countries through a network of officially nominated National Correspondents, who have prepared comprehensive country reports. The country reports to FRA 2010 are all based on a common methodology to ensure globally consistent and comparable data. This paper will focus on the FRA 2010 country reporting process, from its mandate and objectives, to the methodology and the analysis of the results. It will present key findings related to the Asia and the Pacific region. 1

2 FRA 2010: rationale, objectives and structure FAO has been conducting regional and global surveys of the world s forest resources since 1946 at intervals of five to ten years. The mandate to carry out these assessments stems both from the basic statues of FAO and the Committee on Forestry (COFO). The scope of the assessments has increased over time and they now provide a comprehensive picture of the world s forest resources, their condition, management and uses, valuable information for policy-makers in countries, for international negotiations and organizations related to forests and for the general public. During an Expert Consultation held in Finland in June 2006, it was recommended to continue to conduct global forest resources assessment at a five year intervals, to cover all the seven thematic elements of Sustainable Forest Management, to strengthen the network of national correspondents in the countries and to further harmonize reporting on forests with other organizations. These recommendations were endorsed by COFO in March Members of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF), regional groups, nongovernmental organizations and countries partnered in the design and implementation of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 (FRA2010), whose main objective is to provide consistent, high-quality information on the status and trends of forest resources worldwide. Thanks to a well established and dynamic network of national forest experts nominated by countries. The FRA process helps enhancing the country reporting capacity through training and feedback on the compilation of national reports. FAO is expected to help reduce the reporting burden on countries by providing information required by regional and international processes and agreements through the FRA process. Efforts were made to harmonize and streamline reporting with other international forestrelated processes within the framework of the CPF, as well as to harmonize forest related definitions. For example, the reporting tables on biomass and carbon follow the reporting requirements established by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Similarly, FRA 2010 provides vital information to assess progress towards global goals and to inform public debate on forest-related issues, by providing new data on forest area change, one of the 60 indicators of the Millennium Development Goals. It also encompasses indicators used to monitor progress towards the 2010 Biodiversity Target of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the four Global Objectives on Forests adopted by the United Nations Forum on Forests. The FRA process also works closely with regional reporting processes related to forests, such as the UNECE/FAO Timber Section in Geneva which plays an instrumental role in the coordination of the FRA reporting process in Europe. FRA 2010 consists of four main components: - the country reporting process, where the countries are requested to submit country reports to FAO, following a standardized reporting format and methodology; - a complementary remote sensing survey, aimed at providing information on forest change processes/dynamics over the last 30 years at global, regional and biome levels; - a series of thematic studies with additional information on on important topics such as forest degradation, trees outside forests, forest genetic resources, and forests, livelihoods and poverty; - information provided by external data providers (including information on threatened species), ratification of international agreements, etc. This paper will focus on the compilation of data trough the country reporting process. 2

3 The FRA 2010 reporting process FRA 2010 relied on information provided by countries and to this aim, a network of National Correspondents has been established and it covers now 178 countries and territories. The Assessment was officially launched during a global workshop held in Rome (3 to 7 March 2008). About 265 forest specialists from 154 countries and 14 forest related organizations attended the meeting whose main objectives were to provide information and knowledge to National Correspondents on the FRA 2010 process and to review in detail the reporting tables and clarify technical issues. In order to facilitate the country reporting and improve the understanding on how to interpret the definitions, categories and reporting requirements set out for FRA 2010, a set of reference documents has been prepared including Guidelines for country reporting, Specifications of National Reporting Tables. These reference documents (available in English, French, Spanish, Arabic and Russian) were posted on the FRA website and sent to the Officially National Correspondents. Regional focal points at FAO Headquarters and its regional and subregional offices were in regular contact with National Correspondents throughout the process to provide them with technical assistance. As part as the technical support provided by the FRA secretariat, 10 Regional and Subregional workshops were organized throuhg 2010 with the aim to review draft country reports and to discuss and clarify issues related to the reporting methodology and the reporting tables. Three of these were held in Asia and the Pacific, the first one in Hanoi Vietnam in April 2008, the second one in Nadi, Fiji in November 2008 and the third was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in October Furthermore, more than 100 frequently asked questions, mainly from discussions held at the regional workshops were collected and posted on the FRA website and completing the set of reference documents for the national correspondents. National Correspondents were requested to submit their country reports following a standardized format in order to facilitate the publication and the compilation of data. Since the reporting tables for FRA 2010 were comprehensive, countries were encouraged to build up a multidisciplinary team in order to cover all aspects of the report. The country reports consisted of 17 reporting tables, covering more than 90 variables for 4 points in time (1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010) as showed in Table 1. 3

4 Table Title Reporting unit Reporting year T1 Extent of forest and other wooded land 1000 hectares x x x x T2a Forest ownership 1000 hectares x x x T2b Holder of management rights of public 1000 hectares x x x f t T3a Primary designated function 1000 hectares x x x x T3b Special designation and management 1000 hectares x x x x t i T4a Characteristics 1000 hectares x x x x T4b Special categories 1000 hectares x x x x T5 Forest establishment and reforestation 1000 hectares x x x T6a Growing stock Million m 3 x x x x T6b Growing stock of the 10 most common Million m 3 x x x i T7 Biomass stock Million metric tonnes x x x x T8 Carbon stock Million metric tonnes x x x x Number of fires and T9a Forest fires x x x area (1000 hectares) T9b Proportion of planned fires and wildfires in Percent x x x f t T10a Other disturbances affecting forest health 1000 hectares x x x d it lit T10b Major outbreaks of insects and diseases 1000 hectares Year of latest outbreak ff ti f t h lth d it lit T10c Area of forest affected by woody invasive 1000 hectares x i T11 Wood removals and value of removals 1000 m 3 and value x x x T12 Non-wood forest products removals and Quantity and value x l f l T13 Employment 1000 years full-time x x x i l t T14 Policy and legal framework Not applicable x T15a Institutions Not applicable x T15b Human resources Number of persons and x x x tf l T16 Education and research Number of persons x x x T17a Forest revenues Value x x T17b Public expenditure in forest sector by Value x x f di Table 1. Overview of the National Reporting Tables (shaded cells means that the reported values correspond to an average for a five year period). Furthermore the 17 reporting tables encompassed the seven thematic elements of sustainable forest management, which are the followings: 1. Extent of forest resources 2. Forest biological diversity 3. Forest health and vitality 4. Productive functions of forest resources 5. Protective functions of forest resources 6. Socio-economic functions of forests 7. Legal, policy and institutional framework FRA 2010 Country reporting methodology In order to facilitate the reporting process, countries were provided with prefilled FRA 2010 reports, containing information previously reported to FRA When the pre-filled information in a reporting table corresponded to the most recent and best available data, the table could be completed by just making the forecast for year If new and better data were available the entire table could be revised, as the new data could affect previously estimated 4

5 trends. Consequently, the historical figures reported to the previous FRA 2005 in some cases also changed and for some countries forest area figures for 1990, 2000 and 2005 as reported to FRA 2010 did not correspond exactly to what was previously reported to FRA It must be noted that all the relevant occurred changes have been clearly documented and explained in the country report under Other general comments and they are due to the availability of new and better information. The standard methodology applied to all reporting tables consisted of several steps as outlined below: 1. Identification, selection and documentation of data sources. 2. Documentation of national classes and definitions used and original data for each dataset. 3. Analysis of national data (calibration, estimation and reclassification) Identification, selection and documentation of data sources Based on the requirements of each specific reporting table, the National Correspondent identified all potentially useful data sources and evaluated the data sources according to content, completeness, quality and compliance with FRA definitions. The selected data sources, their references and the corresponding data were documented, following the structure outlined in the country report template. Documentation of national definitions and original data Countries were asked to document the original national data that constitute the basis for the estimates in the table and the national definitions for each data source. Analysis of national data The analysis of national data and the compilation of the FRA tables comprised three steps. These included: Calibration Estimation and forecasting Reclassification The order in which these steps were carried out varied depending on the structure of data. Calibration Calibration was carried out in order to ensure that the reported area and area-related quantitative figures were consistent. E.g. for table T1 on forest extent, the total land area/country area must match the official UN statistics in FAOSTAT. For other tables, calibration could be needed to make total area of forest match the corresponding figures in table T1, or in particularly cases when available data were partial. Estimation and forecasting The estimation and forecasting of values was often necessary in order to report national data for the FRA reference years (1990, 2000, 2005 and 2010). The estimation is the process of interpolation between observations and forecasting is the extrapolation of values to the future. It was strongly recommended to the country to consider estimation and forecasting not only as an issue of making mathematical calculations, but as a proxy to reflect reality. There could be particular reasons why data from different years varied and such variations did not necessary imply that there was a trend that could be used for estimation and forecasting. National correspondents were asked to base the assessments on the most accurate information available, not simply a repetition of a previous estimates or the result of an old 5

6 inventory/assessment. Where a time series was available, the estimates could be calculated by simple interpolation. If the latest inventory was considered more accurate than earlier inventories, then this had to be taken into account and an attempt made to project the results back in time was made. If time series indicated trends that, according to the professional judgment of the NC and/or other specialists taking part of the FRA reporting process did not reflect the real situation, this had to be documented in the country report. In such cases, countries were asked to make an adjustment of the estimated / forecasted data, and clearly document and justify this in the country report. Reclassification The reclassification was necessary in order to make national data correspond to the categories defined for FRA. In some cases, when the national classes were identical to the FRA categories or when countries had National Forest Inventories that permitted the direct calculation of data according to the FRA categories and definitions, the reclassification could be omitted. Reclassification was usually carried out using a reclassification matrix, in which each national class was assigned a percentage that applied to each FRA category and carried out for each reporting year. Review and validation of the country reports Once received, the country reports underwent a detailed review to check the correct application of the reporting methodology and its completeness in all steps; identification, selection and documentation of data sources, calibration, estimation, forecasting and reclassification into FRA 2010 categories. Inter-tabular consistency and reasonability checks were also carried out through the use of an excel template filled in with the data reported in the country reports. The template was built to automatically check and highlight errors in the calculations, inconsistencies among the tables (total not matching, unit errors etc) and it was also used to compare data to those reported for FRA Furthermore the template automatically calculated some selected ratio (e.g. growing stock per hectare, ratio removals total growing stock, carbon/biomass) that were compared with a predefined range of ratios to check the reasonability of the reported data. The review process took place during 2008 and 2009 and included a very intense communication between the FRA national correspondents and the regional focal points; issues and difficulties were addressed and explained to ensure the maximum level of transparency of the results and to improve the quality of the reports. A total of 233 country reports were completed, including 48 desk studies for countries that did not provide any report or that did not nominated any official national correspondent (accounting for less than 1 percent of the world s forest area). The validation process represented the last step of the reporting process and consisted of a final check by the countries of the data they provided to FRA 2010, before the official publication. To this aim a Web site to download the country reports was set up and an official letter sent to the Head of Forestry in the countries with instructions on how to access the web page and validate the data. The validation of the 233 Country reports was completed in early December Analysis of data from the country reports After validation, data in the excel templates were then moved to an oracle based database, the Forest Information System (FORIS) throughout a separate excel template (export template) to circumvent the problems of different uses of commas and decimal points in the different languages and ensure that only values were transferred into the database. 6

7 From FORIS data were then extracted in the form of global tables and analysis tables to facilitate the analysis of the results and provide technical support to the authors of the FRA 2010 Main report, dealing with specific themes. Annual change in absolute figures and the compound change rates were calculated at country, sub-regional, regional and global levels. Missing data In general, data gaps are not filled with the exceptions of forest area, growing stock, biomasss and carbon stocks. To estimate the total figures for a region by estimating figures for countries that have not reported at all on a certain variable related to growing stock biomass or carbon, the average per hectare for a given sub-region was calculated and then applied to the area of forest of the countries which have not reported. In a few cases an average of a neighbouring/similar country was used to estimate value for countries with missing information. Extrapolation or interpolation was applied in trend analysis if values were missing for some reporting years. For FRA 2010, only two countries did not provide data on forest area in 1990 and these values were imputed by FAO through extrapolation based on data from 2000 and Display of information/results Global tables and analysis tables are currently being used for the analysis of global and regional key findings and for the writing of the FRA 2010 Main report which will be published in six languages and delivered on the occasion of the next meeting of the FAO Committee on Forestry in October 2010, will contain an analysis of the results structured around 7 themes and a limited set of global tables, while the complete set of data reported to FRA 2010 will be available on-line and on a CD-ROM. The 233 country reports will be posted on the FRA website on the form of working papers and an on-line set of maps and graphs based on FRA 2010 data will be also made available online. Finally a web-based user interface will allow users to query the FRA 2010 database. Users will be allowed to select countries, years and variables, select predefined collections of countries (regions), display footnotes/metadata, export/save output data in: EXCEL, SDMX, SAS, CSV and to generate dynamic maps and graphs. The FRA 2010 Country reporting process in Asia and the Pacific Data availability and data quality From the Asia and the Pacific region, 41 country reports were submitted to FRA 2010 and 7 desk studies (accounting for 3 percent of the forest area of the region) were compiled by the FRA secretariat for countries that did not provide any report. The degree of responses and participation in the process of the 44 national correspondents of the region was generally very good and exceeded expectations. Data availability for some of the most important variables of the 17 reporting tables measured as the sum of the area of forest of those countries reporting on a certain variable, in percentage of the total forest area in the region, is reported in Figure 1 below. 7

8 Forest extent Public ownership Production Conservation and protection forest Primary forest Growing stock Biomass (above ground) Carbon Forest area affected by fires Forest area affected disturbances Industrial removals Employment Staff employed Education Forest revenue Trend State Figure 1 Data availability for the Asia and the Pacific 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Forest area data availability was complete for all the countries in the region with the exception of French Polynesia which did not report on forest area for the year For the remaining variables data availability both in terms of state for 2010 and of trends, is fairly good. Poor data availability was registered for forest fires and forest disturbances. It should be noted that due to reporting scale when analyzing Asia and the Pacific as a whole, the poor data availability of many of the Pacific countries it is not evident in this graph. To address the scarce visibility at global scale and to increase the awareness on the state of forest resources of many of the small developing islands, a separate special study on SIDS (small islands development states) will be undertaken. To investigate the quality and thus the reliability of the estimates on forest extent, an indepth analysis of the type of source information used to derive estimates has been carried out. It showed that 11 countries accounting for 36 percent of the forest area of the region, used as a basis for their estimates data from National Forest Inventories (average reference year 2004). Twenty countries accounting for 59 percent of the region s forest based their estimates on mapping including remote sensing and aerial photos (average reference year 2002). Only one country relied on registers and statistics while ten countries, accounting for 2 percent of the forest of the region, based their estimate of forest extent on expert estimates. Table 2 below summaries the status of the information for the region. 8

9 East Asia South and Southeast Asia Oceania Country / Area Forest area 2010 (000ha) China 206,861 Y 2006 NC DS Most recent data used for estimation of forest area NFI Maps R&S EE DPR Korea 5,666 Y X 1996 Japan 24,979 Y 2007 Mongolia 10,898 Y 2008 Republic of Korea 6,222 Y 2005 Bangladesh 1,442 Y 2007 Bhutan 3,249 Y 1999 Brunei Darussalam 380 Y 1996 Cambodia 10,094 Y 2005 India 68,434 Y 2004 Indonesia 94,432 Y 2006 Lao PDR 15,751 Y X 2002 Malaysia 20,456 Y 2007 Maldives 1 Y 2000 Myanmar 31,773 Y 2006 Nepal 3,636 Y 1994 Pakistan 1,687 Y X 2000 Philippines 7,665 Y 2005 Singapore 2 Y 1997 Sri Lanka 1,860 Y 1996 Thailand 18,972 Y 2006 Timor-Leste 742 Y 2000 Viet Nam 13,797 Y 2007 American Samoa 18 Y 2001 Australia 149,300 Y 2007 Cook Islands 16 Y 1998 Fiji 1,014 Y 2007 French Polynesia 155 Y Guam 26 Y 2002 Kiribati 12 Y 1996 Marshall Islands 13 Y 2008 Micronesia (Federated States of) 64 Y 2006 Nauru 0 N X New Caledonia 839 Y New Zealand 8,269 Y 2002 Niue 19 Y 2008 Norfolk Island 0.46 Y 1998 Northern Mariana Islands 30 Y 2005 Palau 40 Y 2002 Papua New Guinea 28,726 Y 1996 Pitcairn 4 N X 1996 Samoa 171 Y 2003 Solomon Islands 2,213 Y Tokelau 0 N X Tonga 9 Y 1998 Tuvalu 1 N X 1994 Vanuatu 440 Y 1992 Wallis and Futuna Islands 6 Y Table 2: Summary of information status for the Asia and the Pacific for forest area in Legend: NC: National correspondent nominated, DS: desk study carried out, NFI: National Forest Inventory (include field assessment), Maps: Mapping (include Remote sensing & Aerial photo), R&S: registers and statistics, EE: expert estimate 9

10 Focusing on the ten most forested countries, the Lao People s Democratic Republic never submitted any report to FRA 2010 and a desk study was prepared by the FRA secretariat based on information previously submitted to FRA 2005 and estimates were based on the oldest set of data within the 10 most forested countries (2002 Forest Cover Assessment based on remote sensing technology). Key findings At the global level FRA 2010 estimated that forests cover 30 percent of the total land area, a bit more than 4 billion hectares. The forests of Asia and the Pacific together, which account for about 18 percent of the world s forest, cover an estimated area of 740 million hectares (26 percent of the land area of the region). East Asia contains the largest forest area (255 million hectares), followed by South East Asia (214 million hectares), Oceania (191 million hectares) and South Asia (80 million hectares). The 5 most forested countries (China, Australia, Indonesia, India and Myanmar) account for 74 percent of the forest of the region (figure 2). China and Australia alone account for almost half the forest area of the region (48 percent) China Australia Indonesia India Myanmar Rest 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Percentage of total forest area Figure 2: Forest area distribution in percentage in Asia and the pacific In terms of high and low forest cover countries, in the Pacific, the Federate States of Micronesia reported that 92 percent of their land area is covered by forests and Nauru and Tokelau reported that they have no forest at all. Among the others Asian countries, Brunei is the most forested country in percentage of its land area (72 percent) while Pakistan is the lowest (2 percent). The analysis of the results in terms of area designated for specific purposes showed that conservation of biodiversity and protection of soil and water are designated as primary functions in 33 percent of the forest of the Asia and the Pacific, while 32 percent of the forests are designated for the production of wood, fibre, bio-energy and/or non-wood forest products (Figure 3). 10

11 Social services 1% Other/unknown Conservation 14% 14% Production 32% Protection 19% Multiple use 20% Figure 3: Forest designation in percentage in Asia and the Pacific FRA 2010 also estimated that 19 percent of the forest area is composed of primary forest which is a naturally regenerated forest, composed of native species, with no visible indications of human activities and where ecological processes are not significantly disturbed. The rest of the forest in the region is composed of other naturally regenerated forests (65 percent) and of planted forest, which are predominantly composed of trees established through planting and/or deliberate seeding (16 percent). Forest area change At the global level afforestation and natural expansion of forests in some countries and regions have reduced the net loss of forest area significantly. The net change in forest area in the period is estimated at 5.2 million hectares per year, down from 8.3 million hectares per year in the period FRA 2010 also estimated that deforestation, mainly the conversion of tropical forests to agricultural land, shows signs of decreasing in several countries but continues at an alarmingly high rate in others. It is estimated that just under 13 million hectares of forest were converted to other uses or lost through natural causes each year in the last decade compared to almost 16 million hectares per year in the 1990s. In the Asia and the Pacific regions (Figure 4) the net change of forest area shifted from a net loss of -0.7 million hectares per year registered in the 1990s, to a net gain of 1.4 million hectares per year for the period primarily due to the large-scale afforestation reported by China and to the reduction of forest loss in Indonesia. Particularly in China, the forest area increased by 2 million hectares per year in the 1990s and by an average 3 million hectares per year since Indonesia reported a very significant drop in its rate of net loss in the period compared to the 1990s and, although the rate then went up again in the last five years, it is still less than half of what it was during and shortly after the peak of the large-scale transmigration programme in the 1980s and early 1990s. The pacific on the other hand experienced a negative trend with a net loss of 0.36 million hectares per year in and a net loss of 0.7 million hectares per year in primarily due to Australia where a severe drought has led to a substantial loss of forests since

12 Million ha East Asia South Asia South East Asia Oceania Figure 4: Forest area in 1990 and 2010 in Asia and the Pacific In terms of the use of the forests in the region, FRA 2010 estimated that the forest area designated primarily for productive purpose increased by an estimated 10 million ha in the period but decreased by almost 29 million ha in the period as forests have been designated for other purposes. The area of forest designated for protective functions increased by 17 million hectares in the 1990s and of 26 million hectares between 2000 and 2010 primarily because of largescale planting in China aimed at desertification control. The area of forest where conservation of biological diversity is designated as the primary function increased by 5.5 million hectares in the period and by 14 million hectares from 2000 to Similarly the area designated for the management of forests for social and cultural functions (recreation, tourism, education or conservation of cultural and spiritual heritage) increased by 0.7 million hectares in the 1990s and by 2.3 million hectares in The reliability of data on change in area of primary forest is not very high since countries reporting on this variable account for only 65 percent of forest of the region. Results indicate that the rate of loss of primary forest has increased from 267 thousand hectares per ha per year in the 1990s to 350 thousand hectares per ha per year in the period However this result should be treated with caution and may not reflect due to lack of consistent information. On the other hand, the area of planted forest whose data availability reached 85 percent of the forest area of the region, showed an increasing trend of 1.6 million ha per year in and of 2.9 million hectares per year in mainly due to large-scale afforestation plan in China. Conclusions FRA 2010 is the most comprehensive, reliable and up to date global survey of the world s forest resources. Of course there is still room for improvements and an auto-evaluation of the FRA process has been recently completed in order to analyze in an objective way the strengths and weaknesses 12

13 of the process. Among these latter, cost is with no doubt one of the most important, both in terms of staff needed than in terms of travel costs for developing countries participants to the workshops. Reliance on individuals (National Correspondents) rather than institutions in some cases was also a limitation to the process even if by asking the nomination of two national correspondents (a main correspondent and an alternate) through the Head of Forestry we have tried to overcome the subjective biases. Besides, due to the continuous increase of information request both in terms of quantity and accuracy, the reporting burden has largely increased and it is crucial to maintain the motivation of National correspondents to collaborate to the reporting process. Time and are also important factors to be taken into account since FRA has been planned to take place at a five year intervals and as already mentioned scheduled in order to provide information for some of the most important forest related processes. Time and timeliness are thus issues that need to be taken into account especially for the fund raising; considering that more than USD were needed as extra-budgetary funding. Data quality is still not satisfactory in many countries even on the most basic information like trend in forest area. To provide additional and more consistent information on deforestation, afforestation and natural expansion of forests at regional and biome levels for the period FAO, in collaboration with countries and key partner organizations, is currently undertaking the global remote sensing survey, whose results are expected at the end of 2011and in order to overcome this issue. A in depth data gap analysis is also being carried out and ways to address encountered difficulties both in terms of reporting capacity and data availability will be taken into account in the design of the next global forest resources assessment scheduled for completion in Strengths of the process lay on the mandate, the degree of involvement of countries and in the strong interactions and linkages with other important forest-related processes. The availability of better data (updated forest information), collected through a well established and active network of National Correspondents (high response rate) combined with a common and well defined reporting methodology that ensures transparency and reliability of the results allowed the achievement of high quality, transparent and comprehensive estimates of the forests of the world. Furthermore by requesting information back in time to 1990 it was possible to generate consistent estimates for the last 20 years. All of this information, combined with data on variables such as forests health, their contributions to national economies, the legal and institutional framework governing the management and use of the world's forests, will support policies, decisions and negotiations in all matters where forests and forestry play a part. 13

14 References FAO Guidelines for Country reporting to FRA Forest resources Assessment Programme, Working Paper 143 FAO Specifications of National Reporting tables for FRA Forest resources Assessment Programme, Working Paper 135 FAO FRA 2010 Key findings (in press) 14