Habitat mapping for valuation of biodiversity and ecosystem functions in the Czech Republic

Transcription

1 Habitat mapping for valuation of biodiversity and ecosystem functions in the Czech Republic Pavel Cudlín 1, Ondřej Cudlín 1, Lenka Štěrbová 1, Jan Purkyt 1,2, Vilém Pechanec 3 1 Global Change Research Institute CAS, Lipová 9, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; 2 Department of Plant Production and Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 1668, , Czech Republic; 3 Department of Geoinformatics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17.listopadu 50, Olomouc, Czech Republic

2 Objectives To demonstrate the habitat biodiversity mapping and valuation as a base of the valuation of their recent and future rate of ecosystem function performance and ecosystem service provision at local, regional and national scales

3 Creation and application of Combined Layer of habitats of the Czech Republic CORINE Land Cover Mapping and valuation of current habitats by BVM Natural habitat mapping (NATURA 2000) Combined Layer Quantification of environmental damage (biodiversity loss) Endangerment of biodiversity by model GLOBIO3 State of ecosystem functions and services

4 Introduction Decreasing ability of habitats to perform ecosystem functions (EF) and provide ecosystem services (ES) Creation of the digital Combine Layer GIS tools for valuation and prediction of changes in biodiversity status and for EF performance and ES provision

5 Combined habitat layer GIS layer consisted of Habitat Mapping of Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic (previous Natura 2000) for 138 natural and close to nature habitat types and specified Corine LC for 53 non-natural habitat types Each habitat has expert point (from 0 to 55 points) and financial value based on the Biotope valuation method (BVM) by Seják et al. (2003) All habitats were divided into 5 groups according to their naturalness, from natural to anthropogenic habitats The financial value of one point is 0.58 EUR This value presents the cost that government has payed in past restoration programs to increase the ecological quality of 1 m 2 of habitat by 1 point

6 Groups of habitat naturalness Natural habitats (rocks, wetlands, peat bogs, natural forests) Near to nature habitats (extensive meadows, pastures) Habitats distant to nature (degraded meadows) Alien to nature habitats (arable land) Anthropogenic habitats (built-up area)

7 Using Combined Layer for environmental damage assessment Quantification of economic value of environmental damage, e.g. building new settlements BVM method is currently being upgraded in cooperation with Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic and should be integrated into Czech legislation Main topic of BVM upgrade : Classification of non-natural habitats on the base of phytosociology and not of land use (e.g. in old catalog Cemeteries with mainly allochthonous species, in new catalog Artificial tree stands in built-up areas) Recalculated value of one BVM point on the base of current costs of restoration actions

8 Catchment Dřevnice Area of Dřevnice catchment (450 km 2 )

9 Habitat financial values stated by the Habitat Valuation Method at regional scale in Dřevnice catchment in 2012

10 Habitat point values assessed by the Habitat Valuation Method in the Czech Republic in 2012

11 Land Change Modeler Input data - maps of land use in several historical periods Output - land use map based on business as usual scenario Trend of change is computed using time-spatial analysis of spatial data for each point and each category i. e. probability, that a change will happen and direction of this change For accurate location of highly probable changes additional spatial data, representing particular driving forces and spatial limitations affecting each respective change, are used

12 Using of Combined Layer for GLOBIO 3 model Habitat s naturalness allow to classify the risk of the reduction of biodiversity recently and in future by using model GLOBIO GLOBIO 3 is a tool for valuation of naturalness losses of the diversity of origin species

13 GLOBIO 3 (Global Biodiversity model) GLOBIO 3 works with 5 drivers impacting biodiversity: land use change infrastructure fragmentation of territory atmospheric nitrogen deposition climate change MSA index (mean species abundance per area) reflects the worldwide threat to selected endangered species With regard to the conditions of the Czech Republic, we determine MSA index according to the naturalness of habitats according to BVM method

14 Habitat naturalness in the Dřevnice catchment according to Natura 2000 mapping

15 MSA calculation: Biodiversity loss due to land use change Legend

16 MSA calculation: Biodiversity loss by infrastructure Legend

17 MSA calculation: Biodiversity loss by fragmentation Legend

18 MSA calculation: Biodiversity loss by climate change Legend

19 MSA calculation: Biodiversity loss by nitrogen deposition Legend

20 Legend MSA calculation: Overall biodiversity

21 Value of MSA for evaluation of habitat naturalness

22 GLOBIO 3 Results in the Dřevnice catchment The output is a layer identifying biodiversity hot spots and areas with below-average biodiversity value Results indicated 25% habitats with naturalness with values 0-0.3; 50% habitats with value and 25% habitats has value higher than 0.60 Habitats in areas with low biodiversity should be managed to prevent fragmentation of natural and near to nature habitats in the cultural landscape

23 Using of Combined Layer for ecosystem functioning assessment On the base of the functional group of habitat types to assign the rate of EF (Seják et al., 2010, Valuation ecosystem functions and services in the Czech Republic). 22 functional groups of habitat types EF estimated: evapotranspiration, small water cycle, production of biomass, production of O 2, value of biodiversity expressed by BVM value

24 Evapotranspiration function for 22 functional groups of habitat types (Seják et al., 2010) No Biotope groups Area (km 2 ) Evapotranspiration (l.m -2.rok -1 ) 1 Water bodies, courses Peatbogs Other wetlands Ext. used mesic pastures meadows Int. used mesic pastures meadows Degraded mesic pastures meadows Dry closed grasslands Dry interspaced grasslands Xeric scrub Mesic scrub Alluvial hygrophilous scrub Dry pine forests Other conifer forests Damaged conifer forests Leafy forests Leafy forests degraded Alluvial flooded forests Solitary trees, alleys Arable land: cereal and root-crops Arable land: fodder and durable stands Areas without vegetation Rock biotopes Other natural, semi-natural biotopes Other anthropic. influenced biotopes Czech Republic total 78869

25 Using of Combined Layer for assessment of the rate of ecosystem service provision Estimation of e.g. carbon sequestration by habitat type using InVEST approach Four carbon pools: Aboveground biomass Belowground biomass Death necromass Soil carbon

26 Total carbon content in the Kopanický potok catchment (7.5 km 2 ) Legend (Mg/ha)l

27 Total carbon content in the Dřevnice catchment

28 Total carbon in the Czech republic, 2012

29 Conclusions Combined Layer is an useful tool for assessment of recent naturalness of the landscape and biodiversity value of habitats in the Czech Republic Combined Layer can be used to value the rate of ecosystem function performance and ecosystem service provision

30 Thank you for your attention Acknowledgment:This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within the National Sustainability Program I (NPU I), grant number LO1415.