Cool Soda Integrated Prescriptions. Units

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Cool Soda Integrated Prescriptions. Units"

Transcription

1 Cool Soda Integrated Prescriptions Units

2 Sale Name : Cool Soda Unit Number: 14 General Stand Information Vegis Number Subdrainage 06N Location T13S, R5E, Sec. 18 Management Allocation(s) Matrix Plant Association TSHE/ACCI/MANE and TSHE/MANE/GASH Elevation 2650 Average Slope 15% Stand Year of Origin 1956 Aspect W Quad. Mean Diameter >7" DBH 13.1" Average Stand Height >7"DBH 88 ft. Original Stand Acres 20 ac. Average Trees per Acre > 7" DBH 204 TPA Relative Density 52 Basal Area/Ac. >7" 189 ft 2 /ac. Canopy Cover 74% Total volume/ac. 26 MBF/ac. Special Habitats: Stand History: PCT 1985 Layout Instructions Alternative Alt. 2 Unit Size 18 Volume 288 Approximate acres of Skips Thinning Harvest Rx Gaps in Thinning Riparian Harvest Rx Botany Rx Special Habitat Rx Special Forest Products Soils Rx Wildlife Rx Special Forest Products Thin to 40% CC (50-70 tpa, suggested 18'x18' DXD) to help stimulate Oregon grape and salal, and for firewood opportunities. 50 foot on perennial and 30 ft. on intermittents Good place for Oregon grape and salal. Also firewood. Three 500 ft. transects show 5%, 4% and 4% compaction. No compaction concerns. Retain 20-40% duff. Travel/Forage opportunties via commercial harvest. Oregon grape, salal (get before timber is cut, then create enhancement opportunities to come back after harvest. Also firewood opportunity. Access Roads Construct new temp. roads Re-open Existing Non-system Roads Maintenance Designated Skid Roads Equipment Staging Landings Falling Other Pre-bunching Ground-based yarding Cable yarding Skyline yarding Helicopter Yarding Suspension Requirements Seasonal Restrictions Botany Fisheries Fuels Hydrology Silviculture Soils Transportation Wildlife Other Stand boundary should be the road Rd Ditching and light spot rock. LTSR 3 Don't allow C-211 material to leave unit, so we can have for firewood. If stewardship project, could have purchaser deck the wood for firewood. Alt ac. No Wildlife Seasonal Restrictions. Recommend no activities during opening weekend of Cascade Elk/Deer rifle season. Post Sale Activities Seed where grapple pile to minimize potential for spread of weeds. Could seed with forage species. Grapple pile ground base (50% fuels/50% wildlife) See Tony. Two acres enhancement subsoiling Logging Operation Forage and wildlife trails if funds allow Restore any dispersed site used as landing or disturbed during activities to previous condition.

3 Sale Name : Cool Soda Unit Number: 15 General Stand Information Vegis Number Subdrainage 06L Location T13S, R5E. Sec. 18 Management Allocation(s) Matrix Plant Association TSHE/MANE Elevation 2700 Average Slope 15% Stand Year of Origin 1966 Aspect W Quad. Mean Diameter >7" DBH 10.4" Average Stand Height >7"DBH 69 ft. Original Stand Acres 12 ac. Average Trees per Acre > 7" DBH 303 TPA Relative Density 56 Basal area/ac >7" 179 ft 2 /ac. Canopy Cover 86% Total volume/ac. 19 MBF/ac. Special Habitats: Stand History: Layout Instructions Alternative Alt. 2 Unit Size 12 ac. Volume 84 MBF Approximate acres of Skips Thinning Harvest Rx Thin to 60% CC ( tpa, suggested 14'x14' DXD) to help shade out rhododendron. Gaps in Thinning Riparian Harvest Rx 75 ft. on perennial and 50 ft. on intermittent Botany Rx Special Habitat Rx Soils Rx Wildlife Rx Retain 20-40% duff. Very brushy - one 900 ft. transect -18% compaction. Mandatory purchaser subsoiling. Travel/forage via commercial harvest if funds allow. Create quail coveys and game trails. Access Roads Construct new non-system roads Re-open Existing Non-system Roads Maintenance Designated Skid Roads Equipment Staging Landings Falling Pre-bunching Ground-based yarding Cable yarding Skyline yarding Helicopter Yarding Suspension Requirements Seasonal Restrictions Botany Fisheries Fuels Hydrology Silviculture Soils Transportation Wildlife Other Use grappler to rip out rhododendron for a couple of trails through unit while fuels is grapple piling. Leave rhododendron where it lies Rd Ditching and light spot rock. 2 Alt ac. No stream crossings No Wildlife Seasonal Restrictions. Recommend no activities during opening weekend of Cascade Elk/Deer rifle season. Post Sale Activities Survey and control invasive species; will need to seed subsoiled areas Grapple pile ground base. Unit approaching Willamette standards for compaction. May need mitigation subsoiling of main skid/haul roads. Unit is very brushy and will need to be evaluated during logging operation. Forage and Wildlife Trails if funds allow Logging Operation

4

5 Sale Name : Cool Soda Unit Number: 16 General Stand Information Vegis Number Subdrainage 06M Location T13S, R5E, Sec 16 Management Allocation(s) Matrix Plant Association ABAM/VAAL/COCA13 Elevation 4100 Average Slope 10% Stand Year of Origin 1962 Aspect SW Quad. Mean Diameter >7" DBH 14.2" Average Stand Height >7"DBH 71 ft. Original Stand Acres 18 ac. Average Trees per Acre > 7" DBH 156 TPA Relative Density >7" 45 Basal area/ac >7" 171 ft 2 /ac. Canopy Cover >7" 69% Total volumer/ac. 20 MBF/ac. Special Habitats: Stand History: PCT 1986 Layout Instructions Alternative 2 Regen ac. Thin ac. 6 ac. 11 ac. Total acres 17 ac. Total volume 330 MBF Gaps in Thinning Regenerate area north of stream that bisects unit for conifer boughs. Leave 5 trees per acre for snag and downed wood. Retain largest Regeneration Harvest Rx trees available, even spacing is not required or desirable. Retain singly or in loose clumps of 2-4 trees. Majority of retained trees Dougfir, with other species represented in minor amounts. Riparian Harvest Rx Botany Rx Special Habitat Rx Special Forest Products Soils Rx Wildlife Rx SFP Logging Operation Access Roads GTR Thin the southern portion of unit, below the stream, to 50% CC (70-90 tpa, suggested 16'x16' DXD). It is not desirable to regenerate this Thinning Harvest Rx part of unit as it would contribute to old growth blowdown in adjacent stand. Construct new temp. roads Re-open Existing Non-system Roads Maintenance Designated Skid Roads Equipment Staging Landings Falling Pre-bunching Alt. 2 Stream Crossings Ground-based yarding 17 ac. no stream crossings Cable yarding Skyline yarding Helicopter Yarding Suspension Requirements Seasonal Restrictions No Wildlife Seasonal Restrictions. Recommend no activities during opening weekend of Cascade Elk/Deer rifle season. Post Sale Activities Botany Survey and control invasive species Fisheries Fuels Underburn 6 ac. regen, grapple pile ground base (11 ac.) See Tony Hydrology Silviculture Soils Plant 436 tpa (10x10' spacing) in regen area, majority noble fir and lesser amounts western white pine and western redcedar. Plant huckleberry. Unit exceeds Willamette compaction standards. Mitigation subsoiling by logger is required. Transportation Wildlife Recreation Stream that goes through unit, below the road is 4-5 feet wide, gravelly and scoured. 150 for regen, 60 feet for thin on stream Two 800 ft. and 500 ft. transects - 25% compaction and 30% compaction. Requires mandatory subsoiling. Exceeds Willamette standards. Retain 20-40% duff Travel/Forage via commercial harvest Plant huckleberry in regen area none none Rd Brushing Unit exceeds S & G's for compaction. Mandatory mitigation subsoiling of mainline skid and haul routes. 2 Very small amount of snag and down wood creation if funds allow - put more effort towards browse enhancement. Browse cutback in area to the northeast of L-shaped portion (considered Unit92 now - see Unit 92 for further information) Restore any dispersed site used as landing or disturbed during activities to previous condition.

6

7 Sale Name : Cool Soda Unit Number: 18 General Stand Information Vegis Number Subdrainage 06M Location T 13, R 5 Management Allocation(s) Matrix Plant Association ABAM/ACCI/TITR Elevation 4200 Average Slope 40% Stand Year of Origin 1959 Aspect S Quad. Mean Diameter >7" DBH 15.2" Average Stand Height >7"DBH 76 ft. Original Stand Acres 45 Average Trees per Acre > 7" DBH 178 TPA Relative density >7" 57 Basal area/ac >7" 224 ft 2 /ac. Canopy cover >7" 74% Total volume/ac. 27 MBF/ac. Special Habitats: Stand History: TSN 1985, SPC 1986 Layout Instructions Alternative 2 Regen ac. Thin ac. 13 ac. 28 ac. Total acres 41 ac. Total volume 549 MBF Regenerate for conifer boughs north and west of 430 road in ground-based portion of unit. Leave 5 trees per acre for snag and downed Regeneration Harvest Rx wood. Retain largest trees available, even spacing is not required or desirable. Retain singly or in loose clumps of 2-4 trees. Majority of retained trees Doug-fir, with other species represented in minor amounts. Thinning Harvest Rx Thin to 50% CC (70-90 tpa, suggested 16'x16' DXD) south and east of road 430. GTR Gaps in Thinning Riparian Harvest Rx Botany Rx Special Habitat Rx Soils Rx Regen; 150' buffer, Thinning; 60' foot no cut buffer on intermittent streams; 30' foot buffer on intermittent streams Drop SW corner of unit (west on Rd 435) to protect Bridgeoporous (BRNO). ATP on rock gardens and rocky shrub areas south of Rd 430 Retain 40-60% duff. Small, rocky unsuited areas within unit - no protection required. Large brush patch in center of unit along south boundary is stable; may be the result of snow slide. Very brushy. One 1500 ft. transect - 12% compaction. Wildlife Rx Special Forest Products Travel/Forage opportunities via commercial harvest. Boughs out 430 road at the split with 435, and 431 to end of road. Logging Operation - Alternatives 2-5 Access Roads Construct new non-system roads and feet of temporary operators spur Re-open Existing Non-system Roads Maintenance Rd Brushing. Rd Ditching. Designated Skid Roads Equipment Staging Landings Falling Pre-bunching No prebunching Alt. 2 Stream Crossings Ground-based yarding 15 No stream crossings Cable yarding Skyline yarding 26 Helicopter Yarding Suspension Requirements Seasonal Restrictions Botany Fisheries Fuels Hydrology Recreation Silviculture Soils Transportation Wildlife Other No Wildlife Seasonal Restrictions. Recommend no activities during opening weekend of Cascade Elk/Deer rifle season. Post Sale Activities - Alternatives 2-5 Survey and control invasive species; seed subsoiled area Grapple pile, roadside grapple pile on 430 spur, burn piles and underburn thin and broadcast burn regeneration portion of unit, end of 430 needs improvement See Tony Rehab dispersed camp site on 431 within unit if it gets used for logging operation. End of 435 road also has dispersed camping. Close Plant 436 tpa (10x10' spacing) in regen area, majority noble fir and lesser amounts western white pine and western redcedar. Plant huckleberry. One acre of soil enhancement subsoiling. Forage enhancement if funds allow. Take gate out on the 435 spur. Remove gate on 435 road. Good fire overlook. Improve dispersed site if possible.

8

9 Sale Name : Cool Soda Unit Number: 19 General Stand Information Vegis Number Subdrainage 06M Location T 13, R 5, S 14 Management Allocation(s) Matrix Plant Association ABAM/VAAL/COCA13 east; ABAM/RHMA/XETE west, also AElevation 4100 Average Slope 30% Stand Year of Origin 1955 Aspect S Quad. Mean Diameter >7" DBH 13.2" Average Stand Height >7"DBH 70 ft. Original Stand Acres 76 Average Trees per Acre > 7" DBH 178 TPA Relative Denisty >7" 46 Basal area/ac. > 7" 169 ft 2 /ac. Canopy cover >7" 73% Total volume/ac. 20 MBF/ac. Special Habitats: Stand History: Seeps and lots of wetlands SPC 1986 Layout Instructions Alternative 2 Unit Size Volume 72 acres would be commercially thinned 360 Approximate acres of Skips Thinning Harvest Rx Gaps in Thinning Riparian Harvest Rx Botany Rx Rx Special Habitat Rx Special Forest Products Soils Rx Wildlife Rx Rock pit Special Forest Products Other 60' foot no cut buffer on perennial streams; 30' foot buffer on intermittent streams (large perennial). Work on layout of thinning intensity testing area and stream buffers with Lance. ATP - see Tony Three wetlands in eastern portion of stand; 75 foot buffer. Lots of good quality beargrass. Retain 60-80% duff. Unsuited rock areas within unit and along south boundary. Delete as practical during layout. Travel/Forage opportunities via commercial harvest There is a rock pit in the SE corner of the unit. We may be able to use the pit for some rock if we expand it a bit into the unit. Logging Operation - Alternatives 2-5 Access Roads Construct new non-system roads Road and New spurs to topo break, two spurs for total of 485 feet (one is 275' and one is 210') Re-open Existing Non-system Roads Rd Reopen as a temporary operators spur. Maintenance Rds 360 & Ditching, some spot rock. Rd 361 as temp spur (brushing, blading, ditching, rock). Designated Skid Roads Equipment Staging Landings Nine Falling Pre-bunching No prebunching Alt. 2 Stream Crossings Other 34 Need to go through a little piece of old growth to get to some of the Ground-based yarding ground-based area Cable yarding Skyline yarding 38 Helicopter Yarding Suspension Requirements Seasonal Restrictions Botany Fisheries Fuels Hydrology Silviculture Soils Transportation Wildlife Recreation Thin the majority of the unit to 50% CC (70-90 tpa, suggested 16'x16' DXD). In NE portion of unit, thin to four different thinning intensities (30% CC [30-50 tpa, suggested 20'x20' DXD], 40% CC [50-70 tpa, suggested 18'x18' DXD], 50% CC [70-90 tpa, suggested 16'x16' DXD] and 60% CC [ tpa, suggested 14'x14' DXD]) to determine which is best for beargrass. enhance beargrass Northwest of road 360 there are some patches of merchantable timber and some that are not. We will plan the entire unit and layout what we can. No Wildlife Seasonal Restrictions. Recommend no activities during opening weekend of Cascade Elk/Deer rifle season. Post Sale Activities - Alternatives 2-5 Survey and control invasive species Grapple pile ground base & roadside grapple along 2043 in skyline portion. Burn landing piles. See Tonyu Rd Close and remove from FS road system. Snag and down wood creation if funds allow. Restore any dispersed site used as landing or disturbed during activities to previous condition. Close temp roads.

10

11 Sale Name : Cool Soda Unit Number: 20 General Stand Information Vegis Number Subdrainage 06N Location T13 R5 Management Allocation(s) Matrix Plant Association TSHE/RHMA/MANE-GASH and TSHE/MANE Elevation 3150 Average Slope 45% Stand Year of Origin 1888 Aspect SW Quad. Mean Diameter >7" DBH 18.3 Average Stand Height >7"DBH 110 Original Stand Acres 12 Average Trees per Acre > 7" DBH 211 Relative density >7" 93 Basal area/ac. 387 Canopy Cover >7" 82% Total volume/ac. 50 Special Habitats: Stand History: Layout Instructions Alternative s Unit Size 13 Volume 546 Approximate acres of Skips Variable retention regeneration harvest. Feather the edge of the unit by cutting off the northeast corner by following the edge of the ridge, for a 1-2 acre retention area. Create two to three additional retention areas of ¼ to ½ acre in size. Focus on areas that have large amounts of down woody debris, a clump of cedar trees, or other unique features. Regeneration Harvest Rx Retain 10 Douglas-fir trees per acre, singly or in loose clumps of 2-3 trees. Focus retention on the largest Doug-fir in the unit. Attempt to space the retention trees as evenly as possible so as not to leave large openings. All species other than Doug-fir are reserved by species. GTRs Riparian Harvest Rx Botany Rx Special Habitat Rx Soils Rx Wildlife Rx Hydrology/Fisheries Rx Special Forest Products Access Roads Leave 15% GTRs scattered in unit 84 and 130 in red tree vole circles and the area down by Taylor Creek. 150 foot on all streams. No harvest in riparian reserves. No riparian reserves above road. Protect large diameter incense cedar to west. Protect seeps on west side. Retain 50-70% duff. GTR near cedar trees. oceanspray, cedar and hazel Logging Operation - Alternatives 2-5 Road Road through middle of unit closed, but ok to use. Construct new non-system roads 375 ft. and 465 ft. - probably don't need these roads, could be ground-based instead. Re-open Existing Non-system Roads Maintenance Rd Brushing, blading, ditching, rock, berm removal and smooth water barbs. Designated Skid Roads Equipment Staging Landings 4 Falling Pre-bunching No prebunching Alt. 2 Stream Crossings Ground-based yarding 10 Cable yarding Skyline yarding 3 Helicopter Yarding Suspension Requirements Seasonal Restrictions Botany Fisheries Fuels Hydrology Silviculture Soils Transportation Wildlife Other No Wildlife Seasonal Restrictions. Recommend no activities during opening weekend of Cascade Elk/Deer rifle season. Post Sale Activities - Alternatives 2-5 Survey and control invasive species Underburn. Do not burn all the way to the road in order to save some cedar. Full riparian buffer 172 feet. Natural regeneration, with diversity planting. Plant 194 tpa (15'x15' spacing) of western white pine, western red cedar, sugar pine, and incense cedar. Plant western white pine throughout; focus western red cedar in the east half; and focus sugar pine and incense cedar in the west half on the steeper south-facing slope. Plant oceanspray and other suitable shrubs/forbs along roadsides. Rd Remove culverts in closed portion of road. Tie in with Nanci for fire protection. Drivable stormproofing. Snag and down wood creation or if it is regen then manage for forage if funds allow Close temp roads if they are created.

12

13 Sale Name : Cool Soda Unit Number: 87 General Stand Information Vegis Number Subdrainage 06M Location T 13, S 5, Sec 20 Management Allocation(s) Matrix Plant Association Elevation 3300 Average Slope 30% Stand Year of Origin 1969 Aspect NW Quad. Mean Diameter >7" DBH 10.4 Average Stand Height >7"DBH 69 Original Stand Acres 41 Average Trees per Acre > 7" DBH 303 Canopy Cover 86 Basal Area per Acre 179 ft sq/acre Relative Density 56 Volume per Acre 19 Special Habitats: Stand History: Wet areas TSN 1988, SPC 1989 Layout Instructions Alternative Alt. 2 Alt. 3 Alt. 4 Alt. 5 Unit Size 34 Volume 289 Approximate acres of Skips Thinning Harvest Rx Gaps in Thinning Riparian Harvest Rx Botany Rx Special Habitat Rx Soils Rx Wildlife Rx Hydrology/Fisheries Rx Access Roads Construct new non-system roads Re-open Existing Non-system Roads Maintenance Designated Skid Roads Equipment Staging Landings Falling Pre-bunching Thin to 50% CC (70-90 tpa, suggested 16'x16' DXD). About seven 0.1 acre gaps for hardwoods (see Silv. Rx). No Cut stream buffers of 60' perennials and 30' intermittants. Outside stream buffer gaps to increase species diversity (more hardwoods). Lance will assist with layout. Gap potential for hardwoods outside 100' buffer. ATP in contract Two Bridgeoporous conks buffered out in Sheep Soda Thin portion of unit (150 foot buffer). NE corner of long unit and SW portion of unit (see Alice). Leave 150 foot no-harvest buffer on Bridgeoporous and Alt. 2 Alt. 3 Alt. 4 Alt. 5 Ground-based yarding Cable yarding Skyline yarding 34 Helicopter Yarding Suspension Requirements Seasonal Restrictions Botany Fisheries Fuels Hydrology Silviculture Soils Transportation Wildlife Other Avoid wet areas. Depends on where this Unit actually is. Old maps show this unit to the south. Ken's layout shows it in the north. 60' no cut buffers on perennial streams (TMDL agreement) Logging Operation - Alternatives 2-5 Road ' of spur and 620 ft. Access has been scarified, obliterated. Need to reopen about 325 feet. Rd Ditching, light spot rock. Rd Brushing, blading and spot rock. 5 No Wildlife Seasonal Restrictions. Recommend no activities during opening weekend of Cascade Elk/Deer rifle season. Post Sale Activities - Alternatives 2-5 Burn landing piles. See Tony In riparian buffer along eastern boundary - good place to make hardwood gaps. Plant bigleaf maple, black cottonwood, and red alder in riparian gaps. Depends on where this Unit actually is. Old maps show this unit to the south. Ken's layout shows it in the north. (forage enhancement opportunities in Riparian buffer on eastern boundary???) Close temp roads and rehab dispersed sites to original condition is used or disterbed.

14

15 Sale Name : Cool Soda Unit Number: 93 General Stand Information Vegis Number Subdrainage 06N Location S 13, R 5 Management Allocation(s) Matrix Plant Association ABAM/RHMA3-VAAL/COCA13 Elevation 3400 Average Slope 10% Stand Year of Origin 1974 Aspect SW Quad. Mean Diameter >7" DBH 9.8 Average Stand Height >7"DBH 54 Original Stand Acres 18 Average Trees per Acre > 7" DBH 302 Relative Density 49 Basal Area per Acre>7" DBH 157 Canopy Cover>7" DBH 81 MBF volume per acre 5 Special Habitats: Stand History: SFL 1985, SPC 1990 Layout Instructions Alternative Alt. 2 Alt. 3 Alt. 4 Alt. 5 Unit Size 17 Volume 103 Approximate acres of Skips Thinning Harvest Rx Gaps in Thinning Riparian Harvest Rx Thin to 50% CC (70-90 tpa, suggested 16'x16' DXD). 1/10th acre gaps (5% of area, approximately 9-10 gaps). Place gaps in areas of dense tree stocking (avoid rhodie patches). N/A Botany Rx Special Habitat Rx Soils Rx 10-30% duff retention Wildlife Rx Hydrology/Fisheries Rx Access Roads Construct new non-system roads Re-open Existing Non-system Roads Maintenance Designated Skid Roads Equipment Staging Landings Falling Pre-bunching Ground-based yarding Cable yarding Skyline yarding Helicopter Yarding Suspension Requirements Seasonal Restrictions no buffers necessary for snag creation Logging Operation - Alternatives of non system spur yes 1 Alt. 2 Alt. 3 Alt. 4 Alt one end No Seasonal Wildlife Restrictions. Recommend no activities during opening weekend of Cascade Elk/Deer rifle season. Botany Fisheries Fuels Hydrology Silviculture Soils Transportation Wildlife Recreation Invasive species survey and control grapple pile ground based plant gaps with native species Close spur after harvest

16

17 Sale Name : Cool Soda Unit Number: 130 General Stand Information Vegis Number Subdrainage 06N Location T13 R5 Management Allocation(s) Matrix, scenic middlegrd. Mod. Plant Association TSHE/RHMA/MANE-GASH and TSHE/MANE Elevation 3150 Average Slope 45% Stand Year of Origin 1888 Aspect SW Quad. Mean Diameter >7" DBH 16.2" Average Stand Height >7"DBH 102 ft. Original Stand Acres 24 Average Trees per Acre > 7" DBH 378 TPA Relative density >7" 134 Basal area/ac. 541 ft 2 /ac. Canopy Cover >7" 98% Total volume/ac. 94 MBF/ac. Special Habitats: Stand History: Layout Instructions Alternative s Unit Size 26 Volume 650 Approximate acres of Skips Thinning Harvest Rx Gaps in Thinning Riparian Harvest Rx Botany Rx Special Habitat Rx Soils Rx Wildlife Rx Hydrology/Fisheries Rx Access Roads Construct new non-system roads Re-open Existing Non-system Roads Maintenance Designated Skid Roads Equipment Staging Landings Falling Pre-bunching Ground-based yarding Cable yarding Skyline yarding 26 Helicopter Yarding Suspension Requirements Seasonal Restrictions Botany Fisheries Fuels Hydrology Silviculture Soils Transportation Wildlife Other ITM or 24'x24' DXD (30-50 tpa, 40% canopy cover) within feet on either side of road. Exclude red tree vole areas and riparian reserves from harvest. Do not cut any tree with a DBH greater than or equal to 32". Full riparian buffer 172 feet Retain 50-70% duff. Remove culverts in closed portion of road after the sale. Tie in with Nanci for fire protection. Drivable stormproofing. 8 Logging Operation - Alternatives 2-5 No prebunching Alt. 2 Stream Crossings No Wildlife Seasonal Restrictions. Recommend no activities during opening weekend of Cascade Elk/Deer rifle season. Post Sale Activities - Alternatives 2-5 Survey and control invasive species Underburn, low intensity burn to get rid of fine fuels. Snag and down wood creation or if it is regen then manage for forage if funds allow

18