2nd Grade. Slide 1 / 129. Slide 2 / 129. Slide 3 / 129. Biodiversity and Humans. Table of Contents

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1 Slide 1 / 129 Slide 2 / 129 2nd Grade Biodiversity and Humans Table of Contents Slide 3 / 129 Click on the topic to go to that section Biodiversity Types of Living Things Living Things On Land Living Things In The Water Ecosystems and Organisms Biodiversity and Humans

2 Slide 4 / 129 Biodiversity Return to Table of Contents Diversity Slide 5 / 129 When something is diverse, that means it has a large variety or lots of different types of things. Which picture shows the largest variety of fruits/veggies? Click in the blue box to check your answer. This picture has the most different types of fruits/veggies. It has the highest diversity of the three pictures. Diversity Tulips are beautiful flowers that bloom in the spring. Circle the tulip field that has the highest diversity? Slide 6 / 129

3 Bio Slide 7 / 129 Look at the following words: Biology Biography Biotechnology What do all of these words have in common? Bio Slide 8 / 129 Biology is the study of living things. A biography is the story of someone's life. Biotechnology is the use of living things to create useful products. What do you think "bio" means? Talk about it with a partner. Bio Slide 9 / 129 Bio means life. If we combine bio with diversity, we get biodiversity. What do you think biodiversity means? Biodiversity is the variety of living things in an area.

4 Biodiversity Slide 10 / 129 Which picture shows the highest biodiversity? Biodiversity is Healthy An area with higher biodiversity is healthier than an area with lower biodiversity. Slide 11 / 129 Look at the pictures below. Which is the healthiest area? Forest with one type of tree. Forest with many different trees. The Earth Has An Abundance of Life! Slide 12 / 129 Our planet has SO MANY organisms. We have not found them all yet! Everyday more organisms are discovered. Maybe one day you can discover a new plant or animal! Click the leafy sea dragon to watch a video about 25 bizarre animals on Earth.

5 1 "Bio" means Slide 13 / 129 A plants B animals C all living things D variety 2 Which picture has the highest diversity of fruit? Slide 14 / 129 A B C 3 Earth is healthy when there is low biodiversity. Slide 15 / 129 True False

6 Slide 16 / 129 Slide 17 / 129 Slide 18 / 129

7 Slide 19 / 129 Biodiversity Collage Slide 20 / 129 Earth has about 8.7 million living things on it! Use magazine pictures to create your own collage of the biodiversity of Earth. Slide 21 / 129 Types of Living Things Return to Table of Contents

8 Types of Living Things Slide 22 / 129 Living things can be categorized by the way they get food. Some living things make their own food. Some living things find and eat their food. Some living things eat dead plants and animals. Producers Slide 23 / 129 Living things that make their own food are called producers. They use the sun to make (produce) their food. This group includes all plants. Producers Slide 24 / 129 Review: In what part of a producer is food made? Click in the box for a hint.

9 4 Organisms are organized by. Slide 25 / 129 A what they look like B how they get their food C if they have wings 5 Producers get food by Slide 26 / 129 A finding it. B making it themselves. C breaking down waste. 6 An example of a producer is a. Slide 27 / 129 A cactus B sheep C tiger

10 7 Plants make food in their. Slide 28 / 129 A roots B stems C flowers D leaves Consumers Living things that find food to eat are called consumers. They need to eat (consume) food. Slide 29 / 129 Consumers Slide 30 / 129 Consumers are organized by what they eat. Some consumers only eat plants. Some consumers only eat animals. Some consumers eat both plants and animals. What type of consumer are you?

11 Herbivores Slide 31 / 129 Animals that only eat plants are called herbivores. Slide 32 / 129 Omnivores Animals that eat both plants and animals are called omnivores. Raccoons, warthogs and badgers eat fruit, bugs, and many other foods. Carnivores Slide 33 / 129 Animals that only eat meat from other animals are called carnivores.

12 8 Which living thing is not a consumer? Slide 34 / 129 A butterfly B fish C tree D dog 9 Manatees eat up to 50 kg of plants every day. Manatees are. Slide 35 / 129 A herbivores B carnivores C omnivores 10 Tigers eat a variety of animals, such as deer, boar and water buffalo. Tigers are. Slide 36 / 129 A herbivores B carnivores C omnivores

13 11 Crows can eat berries, insects and worms. Crows are. Slide 37 / 129 A herbivores B carnivores C omnivores Decomposers Slide 38 / 129 Some living things eat dead plants and animals. They are called decomposers. After other organisms die, they break down the remains. These mushrooms are decomposing an old log. Decomposers Slide 39 / 129 Worms, flies, fungi, mold and bacteria are some examples of decomposers.

14 Decomposers Slide 40 / 129 Decomposers are very important! Imagine what the world would look like if all the dead plants and animals were not removed! Click on the picture to see a video of a watermelon decomposing. Decomposers Slide 41 / 129 As decomposers break down the wastes, they turn it into nutrients in the soil. Decomposers create healthy soil. This helps to create healthy plants. Earthworms are known for increasing soil health. 12 Decomposers eat. Slide 42 / 129 A plants B animals C dead plants and animals

15 13 Decomposers help to keep the soil healthy. Slide 43 / 129 True False Slide 44 / 129 Slide 45 / 129

16 Slide 46 / 129 Slide 47 / 129 Squirmy Wormy Lab Slide 48 / 129 Earthworms are decomposers that live in the soil. What type of soil do they like the best?

17 Slide 49 / 129 Living Things On Land Return to Table of Contents Living Things On Land Slide 50 / 129 An ecosystem is an area where plants and animals live and interact with their environment. Earth is covered with lots of different types of land ecosystems. Slide 51 / 129 Ecosystems and Organisms Each ecosystem has producers, consumers and decomposers. Look at the pictures below. These organisms all live in the forest ecosystem. Label each as a producer, consumer or decomposer.

18 Producers on Land On land, producers can be plants, trees and shrubs. Slide 52 / 129 Consumers on Land Consumers on land include a variety of animals that are herbivores, carnivores and omnivores. Slide 53 / 129 Decomposers on Land Slide 54 / 129 Decomposers on land include worms, bacteria and fungi.

19 Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem Slide 55 / 129 The Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem is a warm, wet climate. It never gets cold enough to freeze. It can rain as much as 2 meters every year! Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem Slide 56 / 129 Can you move the pictures into the correct column to show producers, consumers and decomposers? Organisms Producers Consumers Decomposers Savanna Ecosystem Slide 57 / 129 The Savanna Ecosystem is also a hot climate. It has perio lots of rain, followed by many months of little or no rain. Most of the plants are grasses, with occasional trees.

20 Savanna Ecosystem Slide 58 / 129 Can you move the pictures into the correct column to show producers, consumers and decomposers? Organisms Producers Consumers Decomposers Desert Ecosystem Slide 59 / 129 The Desert Ecosystem is a very dry ecosystem. There is very little rain. The temperatures changes from very hot during the day to cold at night. The desert ecosystem has low diversity. Desert Ecosystem Can you move the pictures into the correct column to show producers, consumers and decomposers? Organisms Producers Consumers Decomposers Slide 60 / 129

21 14 All ecosystems have producers, consumers and decomposers. Slide 61 / 129 True False 15 All decomposers are mushrooms. Slide 62 / 129 True False 16 A hot, dry ecosystem is the. Slide 63 / 129 A ocean B rainforest C desert

22 Slide 64 / 129 Slide 65 / 129 Slide 66 / 129

23 Slide 67 / 129 Slide 68 / 129 Living Things In the Water Return to Table of Contents Earth is Covered in Water Slide 69 / 129 The land ecosystems that you learned about cover about 30% of the Earth's surface. If this is true, then how much of the Earth's surface is covered in water?

24 Earth is Covered in Water Slide 70 / 129 About 70% of the Earth is covered in water. This includes all of the bodies of water that you learned about earlier in the year: Rivers Oceans Lakes/ ponds Glaciers Can you name two things about each body of water? Aquatic Ecosystems Slide 71 / 129 Ecosystems that are located in or by the water are called aquatic ecosystems. Every aquatic ecosystem is filled with producers, consumers and decomposers. Can you guess which category each of these organisms fall into? Giant kelp Shark Hagfish 17 Which is not like the others? (Why?) Slide 72 / 129 A Pond B Sea C River D Lake

25 Slide 73 / Most of Earth is covered in land. True False Aquatic Producers Slide 74 / 129 Producers in aquatic ecosystems include a variety of plants and algae (seaweed). all of these organisms use the sunlight that reaches through the water to make their own food. Seagrass Red algae Slide 75 / 129 Aquatic Plants Aquatic plants live in the water. They have roots, stems and leaves like land plants. Water lilies have roots in the bottom soil and a stem that extends to the surface of the water where the leaves and flowers float.

26 Algae Slide 76 / 129 Algae is also called seaweed. They lack the structures found in true plants. There are many types of algae. This algae is living on rocks in a river. Giant kelp can grow to be 45 meters tall in the ocean! Diatoms are algae that can only be seen with a microcope. 19 Aquatic plants are different from algae because they have roots, stems and leaves while algae do not. Slide 77 / 129 True False 20 need sunlight to make food. Slide 78 / 129 A Algae B Aquatic plants C Both A and B.

27 Aquatic Consumers Slide 79 / 129 Herbivores, omnivores and carnivores are found in all aquatic ecosystems. What do aquatic herbivores eat? Algae and plants Aquatic Consumers Slide 80 / 129 Aquatic carnivores eat other aquatic animals. Most fish are omnivores - they eat everything they can find. Aquatic Decomposers Slide 81 / 129 Aquatic decomposers include bacteria, fungi, worm, molluscs, and some fish and crustaceans. Lobsters and crabs (crustaceans) Clams (molluscs)

28 Ocean Ecosystem Slide 82 / 129 Can you move the pictures into the correct column to show producers, consumers and decomposers? Organisms Producers Consumers Decomposers 21 Click the picture to watch a video about sea cucumbers. What type of animal is this? Slide 83 / 129 A Producer B Consumer C Decomposer 22 This triggerfish eats sea urchins, small crustraceans and algae. It is a(n). Slide 84 / 129 A Herbivore B Omnivore C Carnivore

29 23 Which is an aquatic carnivore? Slide 85 / 129 A Shark B Algae C Sea Cucumber D Tiger Slide 86 / 129 Slide 87 / 129

30 Slide 88 / 129 Slide 89 / 129 Living Things in Ecosystems Activity Slide 90 / 129 All ecosystems have producer, consumers and decomposers. How do they affect each other? Find out in this activity!

31 Slide 91 / 129 Ecosystems and Organisms Return to Table of Contents Ecosystems and Organisms Slide 92 / 129 Earth's ecosystems are diverse. Each one has different producers, consumers and decomposers. The organisms that live in each ecosystem have traits that allow them to survive in that specific environment. This cactus lives in the very hot and dry desert ecosystem. To survive in this environment, it stores water in its thick stem. Ecosystems and Organisms Slide 93 / 129 The arctic hare has white fur in the winter to blend in with the snow. In the summer, the hare has brown/grey fur to blend in with the ground. How does this trait help the arctic hare to survive in its ecosystem?

32 Ecosystems and Organisms Slide 94 / 129 Manta rays are large stingrays. They can grow to be 7 meters across! Instead of lungs, manta rays have gills. As water passes over the gills, oxygen is extracted from the water. What would happen to a manta ray if it were placed in a land ecosystem? Camels Versus Polar Bears Slide 95 / 129 Camels live in the desert ecosystem. Camels can go several days without food and water. Their fur helps them to blend into the sand around them. They are able to keep cool in very hot temperatures. Camels Versus Polar Bears Slide 96 / 129 Polar bears live in the tundra ecosystem. Polar bears have two layers of fur and a thick layer of blubber to keep them warm in very cold temperatures. They have long claws to catch food and webbed feet to swim in the water.

33 Camels Versus Polar Bears Slide 97 / 129 Would a camel survive in the arctic? How about a polar bear in the desert? What would happen to them? Discuss with your group. 24 All organisms can live in any ecosystem. Slide 98 / 129 True False 25 What type of living things are present in all ecosystems? A Producers Slide 99 / 129 B Consumers C Decomposers D All of the above.

34 26 Would cacti and jackrabbits be able to survive in a snowy ecosystem? Yes Slide 100 / 129 No Slide 101 / 129 Slide 102 / 129

35 Slide 103 / 129 Slide 104 / 129 Animal Teeth Activity Slide 105 / 129 Different animals have different teeth depending on what type of food they eat. What type of teeth do you wish you had?

36 Slide 106 / 129 Biodiversity and Humans Return to Table of Contents Biodiversity Slide 107 / 129 Remember: biodiversity increases the health of an ecosystem. Can you think of an event that would decrease the biodiversity of an ecosystem? Use the pictures as clues. Biodiversity and Natural Disasters Natural disasters affect the biodiversity of ecosystems by destroying organisms' homes and food sources. Sometimes, organisms themselves are killed. Slide 108 / 129 This is the aftermath of a hurricane. How would the local ecosystems have been affected?

37 Biodiversity and Humans Slide 109 / 129 Humans also have an effect on biodiversity. When we conduct activities that destroy ecosystems, we lower the biodiversity of Earth. Oil Spill Air pollution Water pollution Can you think of any other ways that humans affect biodiversity? Clearing Land Slide 110 / 129 Sometimes, people clear an area of all trees in order to build homes or other buildings. Would this increase or decrease the biodiversity of this area? Why? Clearing Land Slide 111 / 129 Suppose that a forest is filled with a lot of different types of trees. Squirrels live in the trees and rely on the trees for food. Hawks also live in this forest and often catch squirrels for food. If humans cleared the forest of all the trees, how would this affect the squirrels and the hawks?

38 Hunting Slide 112 / 129 Let's think about that same forest. Suppose that a group of hunters came to that forest and hunted all of the hawks. How would this affect the squirrels and trees? Ecosystem Changes Slide 113 / 129 Any time one change is made to an ecosystem, it affects all other organisms in that ecosystem! Can you think about what might happen if squirrels were removed from the forest? Conservation Although humans have caused a lot of biodiversity loss through our actions, we are also able to increase biodiversity. This is called conservation. Slide 114 / 129 The Siberian tiger is currently endangered. Conservation efforts are helping to save this animal.

39 Biodiversity and Conservation Slide 115 / 129 In order to increase biodiversity, we first need to recognize how we are affecting the world around us. Next, we need to think creatively about solutions. Although humans have destroyed this habitat, what are some things we could do to improve it? Cities Slide 116 / 129 Cities are large areas where habitats have been removed to build structures for humans. Cities cause a loss in biodiversity. Can you think of any solutions that would help to fix this problem? Roof Gardens Slide 117 / 129 Some buildings have roof gardens that create new habitats for organisms. How do roof gardens affect biodiversity?

40 Wildlife Corridors Slide 118 / 129 When humans build roads, they divide ecosystems in half. This can cause a loss in biodiversity. Can you think of a solution to this problem? Wildlife Corridors Many countries have built wildlife corridors. These are passages that travel over or under highways. This allows animals to cross from one side of an ecosystem to another without harm. How do these help to preserve biodiversity? Slide 119 / 129 Click the picture to see wildlife corridors from around the world. Biodiversity and Conservation Slide 120 / 129 Click below to watch a video about biodiversity and conservation.

41 27 Many human activities affect biodiversity. Slide 121 / 129 True False 28 When one part of an ecosystem is changed, how many other parts are affected? Slide 122 / 129 A Just the producers. B Just the consumers. C Nothing else is affected. D All parts are affected. 29 Which of the following would increase biodiversity? Slide 123 / 129 A Hurricane B Roof garden C Clearing Land D Building highways

42 30 After biodiversity is lost, there is nothing that can be done to increase it again. Slide 124 / 129 True False Slide 125 / 129 Slide 126 / 129

43 Slide 127 / 129 Slide 128 / 129 Slide 129 / 129