Who are stakeholders in Forest Landscape Restoration?

Transcription

1 Who are stakeholders in Forest Landscape Restoration?

2 Madagascar National govt. NGO Private company Foresters Ecologists Donor -FR 150,000 inhabitants, 3 ethnic groups

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4 Stakeholders persons, groups, or organizations that must somehow be taken into account by leaders, managers, and front-line staff (Bryson, 2004) Forest landscape restoration (FLR): a planned process that aims to regain ecological integrity and enhance human wellbeing in deforested or degraded forest landscapes (WWF and IUCN, 2000). Bryson, J.M., 2004 What to do when stakeholders matter: stakeholder identification and analysis techniques. Public management review 6(1): WWF and IUCN, Minutes of the Forests Reborn Workshop in Segovia. Gland: WWF and IUCN.

5 Scale up.. = more stakeholders.. = More governance questions: 1. Who decides? 2. Who benefits? 3. Who loses? 4. Who shapes FLR?

6 Why do we need to know stakeholders? Justifications: SDGs FLR

7 Why do we need to know stakeholders? To identify: intervention points leverage points blockages Champions

8 Why do we need to know stakeholders? Tenure and rights Who owns the land? Who owns the trees? Who owns the products from the trees? Are there conflicts?

9 Why do we need to know stakeholders? Different rationales Relationship to land, to trees, to property, to natural resources differ Shaped by traditions, culture, laws, rules, power, influence, money Time-defined Influences choices and decisions Impacts on many others

10 Why do we need to know stakeholders? Global Influence of multiple spatial scales National FLR process in the Local landscape FLR process at the landscape scale, within multi-level context FLR= Long term, large scale, modifies landscapes, multiple obj. Source: Mansourian, S., Governance and Forest Landscape Restoration: A framework to support decision-making. Journal for Nature Conservation 37:21-30.

11 Wh0 are stakeholders in FLR? Categorising stakeholders Sectorally: private public civil society Source: Mansourian, S., (forthcoming). Chapter 9: Stakeholders: Who Decides What to Restore, Why and Where? In: Mansourian, S. and Parrotta, J. (eds.) Forest Landscape Restoration: Integrated approaches to support effective implementation. Earthscan Forest Library, Routledge Category Economic Cultural Social Ecosystem Services Biodiversity Conservation Political Motivation To Restore Reason Corporate social responsibility Financial (or other) compensation Reduce risk/liability Funding Tradition Spiritual Value Heritage Identity Recreation Aesthetic value Traditional knowledge/practices Erosion control Food Pollination Water Soil conservation Micro climate regulation Carbon sequestration Species habitat Reproduction sites Migration routes Feeding areas for rare or endangered species Commitment under global agreements Policy/Legislation Elections

12 Wh0 are stakeholders in FLR? Categorising stakeholders Discipline (community of practice): Forestry Rural development Ecology Building natural capital Reversing land degradation & improving food security Rural development Ecology Sustaining timber production Forestry Climate change mitigation & adaptation Biodiversity conservation Source: Mansourian, S. (in press). In the eye of the beholder: Reconciling Interpretations of Forest Landscape Restoration. Land Degradation and Development

13 Wh0 are stakeholders in FLR? Categorising stakeholders Stake in the landscape: Are they landowners? Are they users of ecosystem services? Is the area sacred for them or does it hold some other cultural significance?

14 Wh0 are stakeholders in FLR? Categorising stakeholders Beneficiaries: Winners? Losers? Donors? Recipients? (Compensation?)

15 Categorising stakeholders Sectorally: private public civil society Discipline (community of practice): Forestry Rural development Ecology Stake in the landscape: Are they landowners? Are they users of ecosystem services? Is the area sacred for them or does it hold some other cultural significance? Beneficiaries: Winners? Losers? Donors? Recipients? (Compensation?) Generalisations hide unique differences e.g. at the household level -> men and women at the village level -> different groups within a landscape -> ethnic groups

16 Why categorise? Purpose in FLR to engage and work with stakeholders Engagement will differ depending on stakeholder Useful to understand all stakeholders distant and proximate Useful to understand stakeholder motivations Different (and complex) relationships to land, forests.. Different stakeholders play different roles

17 Different roles Provides money/invests company Mining company supporting FLR as part of its CSR (e.g. Parrotta & Knowles, 2001) Sets policy framework for FLR Designs/plans project/intervention Implements project/intervention(s) National government designing an FLR strategy (e.g. the US Congressional Act on FLR passed in Schultz et al., 2012). Environmental NGO designing an FLR project to safeguard an endangered species (e.g. Birdlife co-purchasing Cousin Island in the Seychelles to restore habitat for the endemic Seychelles warbler Komdeur and Pels, 2005). Community engaged to remove invasive species as part of an FLR project (e.g. WWF engaging the public on special days to remove exotic species and plant indigenous ones in New Caledonia s dry forest - Mansourian & Vallauri, 2014) Advises project/intervention Monitors progress of FLR project/intervention Researchers providing technical advice (e.g. support to local authorities and communities by Chiang Mai University s Forest Restoration Research Unit in N.Thailand to restore Doi Suthep-Pui National Park - Elliott et al., 2012). Local communities measuring progress on forest restoration (e.g. local communities in Tanzania engaged in simple monitoring Funder et al., 2013)

18 Take home messages Those with most at stake, are rarely those that decide In FLR those that decide are frequently far from the landscape Stakeholders needs and desires evolve over the course of an FLR process Stakeholders from different spatial scales influence the FLR process (in different ways) While categorising stakeholders helps, we must be aware of individual differences We also need to understand how stakeholders relate to each other and to the restoration process, motivations and underlying power dynamics. This information is necessary to ensure effective and fair negotiations when considering tradeoffs among stakeholders and between people s needs and ecological priorities.

19 Thank you..! Mansourian, S. (in press). In the eye of the beholder: Reconciling Interpretations of Forest Landscape Restoration. Land Degradation and Development Mansourian, S. and Parrotta, J. (forthcoming). Forest Landscape Restoration: Integrated approaches to support effective implementation. Earthscan Forest Library, Routledge. Stanturf, J., Mansourian, S. Kleine, M. (eds.), Implementing Forest Landscape Restoration: A Practitioner s Guide. IUFRO, Vienna, Austria (available at: Mansourian, S., Governance and Forest Landscape Restoration: A framework to support decision-making. Journal for Nature Conservation 37:21-30.

20 Some questions to consider