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1 SCIENTIA SILVAE SINICAE Vol141, No12 Mar., ( ; ) : ; ; ; :S154 :A : (2005) Study on Soil Animals Community of Pinus koraiensis Broad2Leaved Mixed Forest in Xiaoxing an Mountain Miao Yajie 1 Yin Xiuqin 2 (1. Administration College of Changchun University Changchun ; 2. College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northeast Normal University Changchun ) Abstract : Soil animal communities of Pinus koraiensis broad-leaved mixed forest were studied. The purpose was to discuss the dynamic characteristic of soil animals and relationship with environmental factors. The ecosystem geography distribution law of soil animals, soil animals role and function in ecological system were revealed. In June,August,October each year,three plots were selected. In each plot, four layers were sampled(litter layer,0 10 cm,10 20 cm &20 30 cm),adding up to 72 soil sample. The area for large- sized soil animals was 50 cm 50 cm,and the area for middle- small- sized soil animals was 10 cm 10 cm. Separated soil animals through adopting hand-picking method and Tullgren method respectively. Sampled the soil animals in two continuing years. Shannon- Wiener index was adopted to analyze the diversity of soil animals. Monad liner regression was used to search the relationship between soil animals and environmental factors. The dominant groups were Oribatida, Isotomidae. There were relatively great changes in groups and individual numbers of dominant groups and rare groups when the reason changed. The individual numbers of dominant groups and the groups of rare groups changed. The number of individual and group was the most in August. Obviously it correlated with climatic factors in middle temperate zone. The evenness was low and dominance was high. The diversity index was not most. Among the annual fluctuating there was a increasing trend. The evenness was low and dominance was high. The diversity index was low. It conformed with the law of reason change. The correlation between soil animals and atmospheric temperature,rainfall,ground temperature and sunlight showed the correlation with rainfall and soil temperature was the most significant. Key words : soil animals ; dynamics ; Pinus koraiensis broad-leaved mixed forest ; Xiaoxing an Mountain ( Pinus koraiensis),,,, (,1980 ;,1994 ;Lodge et al., 1994 ;,2002), (, 1977) 2,, 1, E, N, 400 m, 10 15, - 013, , 676 mm, : : ( ; ) 转载

2 2 : 205,,,,, (,1991 ;,1993) , 3, 50 cm 50 cm, 10 cm 10 cm, 0 10 cm cm cm , Tullgren, (1973),,,, , ,10 070, ( 10 % ) 2 : (Oribatida) ( Isotomidae), % ; 10 ( 1 % 10 %), ( Hypogastruridae) (Actinedida) ( Enchytracidae) (Onychiuridae) ( Gamasida) (Lithobiidae) ( Tomoceridae) (Diptera) (Juliformia) ( Geophilidae), % 12, %,,, 51, 8112 % ( 1),, ( Yin et al.,2001 ; Lee,1991) 1 Tab. 1 Statistics on the number of soil animals in broad-leaved and Pinus koraiensis mixed forest Account for No. Name of animals Total Jun. Aug. Oct. Jun. Aug. Oct. the totalπ% 1 Oribatida Isotomidae Hypogastruridae Actinedida Enchytraeidae Onychiuridae Gamasida Lithobiidae Tomoceridae Diptera Juliformia Geophilidae Coleoptera Entomobryidae Formicidae Araneida Staphylinidae Culicidae Chironomidae Sminthuridae Lumbricidae Scarabaeidae

3 Account for No. Name of animals Total Jun. Aug. Oct. Jun. Aug. Oct. the totalπ% 23 Protura Neanuridae Nitidulidae Thripidae Cecidomyiidae Pseudoscorpionida Pseudachorutidae Sympyla Chironomidae Aphididae Oncopoduridae Gampodeidae Carabidae Tabanidae Pentatomidae Colydiidae Valloniidae Diptera Histeridae Platypus Coccinelli Muscidae Limacidae Coleoptera Nematode Lepidoptera Neelidae Curculionidae l Scarabaeidae Phalangida Noctuidae Stratiomyiidae Anthomyiidae Japygidae Phlebotominae Paronellidae Mymarommdae Coreidae Hymenoptera Reduviidae Bradyrbaenidae Total individual number Group number % The individual numbers account for the total over 10 % are dominant groups ; 1 % 10 % The individual numbers account for the total 1 % 10 % are common groups ; 1 % The individual numbers account for the total less 1 % are rare groups. 3. 2, 2, 8 (54 ) > 10 (43 ) > 6 (40 ) ; 8 (4 164 ) > 10 (3 286 ) > 6 (2 620 ), 8 6,,,,8,, (,1997), ( 2)

4 2 : 207, 8, 10, 2 Tab. 2 Soil animals and microorganism and the chief environmental factors in different seasons Jun. 8 Aug. 10 Oct. Group number Individual number Bacterium Actionomycetes Microbes Epiphyte Total Monthly mean temperatureπ Monthly mean rainfallπmm Monthly mean ground temperature Monthly mean sunlight h a ( g - 1 ) Microbes are mean of three years (10 thousand per g litter). The data of environmental factors are from the materials in Liangshui National Natural Reserve located station. 1 2 Fig. 1 Group number of soil animals in different seasons Fig. 2 Individual number of soil animals in different seasons 1, 2, 10,8 (40 ) 2,,8, 2615 %, 8,,, Tab. 3 Change on community of soil animals in different years, 1996 < , Account for the total Group number Individual number individual numberπ% % % ,2 Dominant group : Common group , 3 Rare group Total

5 ,, 1, 4, ,,,,,,,,,,,2, 2 7,,2, (, 2001),,, 2, ( ), (,1987),, ( 4) Average air temperatureπ 4 Tab. 4 The chief environmental factors in different years Relative humidityπ% RainfallΠmm Ground temperatureπ SunlightΠh The environmental data are from the materials in Liangshui National Natural Reserve located station. :1 12 The average air temperature is the average from January to December. :5 9 The relative humidity is the average from May to September. :5 10 Rainfall is the total from May to October. :5 10 The ground temperature is the average from May to October. :1 12 Sunlight is the total from January to December. 314, Shannon2Wiener (,1998 ;,2000), s : H = - i = 1 P i ln P i, : H ; S ; P i i E C, : E = H Πln S, C = [ ( N iπn) ( N i ΠN) ], : N i i ; N 5 5 H E C Tab. 5 Diversity,evenness and dominance of soil animals in different months and years S N H E C 6 Jun Aug Oct ,8 H E 6 10, C 6 10, 8,,, (Freckman,1997 ;Jean2Francois,2000) 5, 1997, 1, E,, ( 5), 3. 5,,, (,1994), 1,, ( 6) 8

6 2 : 209,, 6,,,, 8 1/ 10, 10 2/ 3 ( 2),,6 8 10, Environmental factor 6 Tab. 6 Correlation coefficient between environmental factors and soil animals Regression model Group number Correlation coefficient Regression model Individual number Correlation coefficient Air temperature Y = x Y = x Rainfall Y = x Y = x Ground temperature Y = x Y = x Sunlight Y = x Y = x ,10 070, 2 ( ), 10, 51,, 8,,, ,, 2, 2 7,,2,,, 2 5,, :,1-3,,, ,22 (2) : ,, ,17 (5) : , ,13 (2) :74-81, :, :, :, ,, ,21 (4) :83-88, ,37 (1) : :, , :,90-100,, ,1 : :, 1-12 Freckman D W Linking biodiversity and ecosystem functing of soils and sediments. Ambio,26 : Jean- Francois P Vertical distribution of Collembola ( Hexapoda) and their food resources in organic horizons of beech forests. Biol Fertil Soils,32 : Lee K E, Foster R C Soil fauna and soil structure. Australian Journal of Soil Research,29 : Lodge D J,McDowell W H,McSwiney C P The importance of nutrient pulses in tropic forest. Trends in Ecology and Evolution,9 : Yin Xiuqin, Zhu Tingchen Study of the diversity of animals community in the songnen plain grassland of China. Proceedings of the XIX International Grassland Congress,Sao Pedro,Sao Paulo,Brazil,