Name: Class: Date: Ver: 2

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1 Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The primary reason why southern sea otter recovery is ecologically important is because they. a. encourage tourism b. are an indicator species c. are a keystone species d. eliminate common pests e. are educational 2. The warblers occupy realized habitats in order to I. Minimize competition II. Increase species survival III. Decrease predation a. I, II, and III b. III only c. I only d. I and II e. II only 3. The hognose is a snake native to most of North America. When threatened, it raises its head and expands its neck, making it look quite threatening. This is an example of a. Interspecific competition b. Intraspecific competition c. Convergent evolution d. Herbivory e. Mimicry 4. Which of the following mechanisms for survival are used by both predator species and prey species to enhance their survival? a. Eyes on the sides of the head b. Very sharp canine teeth c. Aposematic coloration d. Camouflage e. Mimicry Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1

2 Use the diagram below to answer the two questions that follow. 5. This diagram is a model of the realized habitats of a group of warblers. This is an example of a. Resource partitioning b. Convergent evolution c. Ecological succession d. Coevolution e. Survivorship 6. Surtsey is an island off the coast of Iceland that was formed in Ecologists use this newly formed island to study a. Convergent evolution b. Biological manipulation c. Secondary ecological succession d. Primary ecological succession e. Coevolution Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2

3 Use the diagram below to answer the two questions that follow. 7. This diagram, which begins with a lake basin that formed due to glacial activity, models a. Secondary ecological succession b. Primary ecological succession c. Biodiversity hot spot formation d. Convergent evolution e. Tertiary ecological succession Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3

4 8. Which of the following human activities is most likely to have an immediate effect on the rate that this process occurs? a. Mining for metals b. Application of fertilizer c. Application of pesticides d. Burning of fossil fuels e. Processing of metal ores 9. The ability of an ecosystem to survive moderate disturbances is termed a. Persistence b. Opportunism c. Diversity d. Maturity e. Resilience 10. Almost 800,000 acres of Yellowstone National Park burned in The area continues to recover as herbaceous plants and trees continue to grow and reproduce. This is an example of a. Coevolution b. Secondary ecological succession c. Primary ecological succession d. Divergent evolution e. Convergent evolution Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4

5 Use the graph below to answer the two questions that follow. 11. The population overshoot results in which of the following? a. An increased carrying capacity b. A decrease in competition c. Overuse of the resource supply d. A long-term increase in population e. Continued exponential growth Use the data below to answer the three questions that follow. An ecologist is sampling both a juniper tree species, using the quadrat method, and the golden cheeked warbler that uses the juniper, using the mark and recapture method. The ecologist samples 10 quadrats, each 5 ha in size, and counts a total of 350 junipers. The ecologist captures and tags 20 golden cheeked warblers. One month later he recaptures 30 golden cheeked warblers, 5 of which are tagged. 12. Calculate the population density of junipers in terms of junipers / ha. a. 7 junipers / ha b. 70 junipers / ha c. 40 junipers / ha d. 23 junipers / ha e. 35 junipers / ha 13. Calculate the estimated golden cheeked warbler population in this habitat. a. 200 warblers b. 180 warblers c. 100 warblers d. 120 warblers e. 150 warblers Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5

6 14. Exponential growth of a population is associated with all of the following EXCEPT a. Plentiful food resources b. High reproductive potential c. Lack of predation d. Adequate habitat e. Intraspecific competition 15. Which of the following traits characterize r-selected species but not K-selected species? a. Early age at reproduction b. Long life span c. Slow population growth rate d. High levels of parental care e. Small clutch size Use the diagram below to answer the two questions that follow. 16. Which of the following represents the optimum range of tolerance for this species of fish? a. E b. C c. B d. D e. A Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6

7 17. The pollination of flowering plants by species such as honeybees is. a. commensalism b. mutualism c. predation d. interspecific competition e. parasitism 18. What is the most common interaction between species? a. parasitism b. predation c. commensalism d. mutualism e. competition 19. Kelp forests play key roles in marine ecosystems, in part by supporting important biodiversity. These kelp forests are threatened by. a. sea otters b. sea urchins c. sport fishing d. cooling waters e. rising tides 20. What occurs when members of two or more species interact to gain access to the same limited resources? a. mutualism b. commensalism c. parasitism d. interspecific competition e. predation 21. The relationship between clownfish and sea anemone is called. a. interspecific competition b. commensalism c. parasitism d. predation e. mutualism 22. When populations of two different species interact over long periods of time, changes in the gene pool of one species can lead to changes in the gene pool of the other. What is this called? a. commensalism b. mutualism c. competition d. coevolution e. parasitism Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7

8 23. If multiple species find themselves competing for the same resource, the competition can be reduced by which of the following? a. mimicry b. camouflage c. resource partitioning d. cooperation e. resource expansion 24. An example of an internal parasite is a. a. flea b. tick c. lamprey d. tapeworm e. mistletoe 25. What is said to occur when one organism feeds on another organism by living on or in the other organism? a. predation b. mutualism c. commensalism d. interspecific competition e. parasitism 26. What occurs when an interaction benefits one species but has little, if any, effect on the other? a. parasitism b. mutualism c. commensalism d. predation e. interspecific competition 27. When two species behave in ways that benefit both by providing each with food, shelter, or some other resource, it is called. a. coevolution b. mutualism c. parasitism d. commensalism e. mimicry Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8

9 28. Parasites. a. are usually microscopic b. are usually larger than their hosts c. may strengthen their hosts over a long period of time d. rarely kill their hosts e. must be internal to their hosts 29. Plants such as pitcher plants share a commensalistic interaction with large trees in tropical and subtropical forests by attaching to the trunks or branches of the trees. The pitcher plants are examples of. a. herbivores b. parasites c. epiphytes d. prey e. opportunistic parasites 30. The ability of a living system to survive moderate disturbances is called. a. resilience b. constancy c. tipping point d. inertia e. stability 31. Grasslands have and can burn easily. a. low inertia b. high facilitation c. low resilience d. high inertia e. low facilitation 32. Which of the following exhibits primary succession? a. a rock exposed by a retreating glacier b. a recently burned forest c. newly flooded land d. a clear-cut forest e. an abandoned farm 33. What type of succession begins in an area where an ecosystem has been disturbed, removed, or destroyed, and that contains soil or bottom sediment? a. primary succession b. ecological establishment c. disturbance succession d. facilitation e. secondary succession Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 9

10 34. If the resilience of a damaged ecosystem is low enough, the degraded area may not be restored by secondary succession. When this happens, the damaged ecosystem has reached. a. stability b. constancy c. a tipping point d. inertia e. resilience 35. What refers to the ability of a living system to be restored after a period of moderate to severe disturbance? a. constancy b. tipping point c. stability d. inertia e. resilience 36. What is an example of a K-selected species? a. whales b. bacteria c. frogs d. goats e. flies 37. By 1900, white-tailed deer populations in the United States were drastically reduced, but now, since laws have been passed to protect them and their natural predators, their population has. a. stabilized b. moved more deeply into wilderness areas c. succumbed to hunting pressure d. exploded e. been reduced even more 38. A population increases through birth and. a. socialization b. emigration c. assimilation d. immigration e. integration Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 10

11 39. There are limits to population growth in nature. a. high b. never c. low d. sometimes e. always 40. What is the most common distribution of populations? a. uniform b. random c. dense d. clumped e. dispersed 41. When plotting the number of individuals in a population against time, the data yield a J-shaped curve. What does this curve indicate? a. logistic growth b. carrying capacity c. exponential growth d. biotic potential e. environmental resistance 42. What is a feature of r-selected species? a. They breed late in life. b. They have populations that fluctuate between high and low. c. Their offspring mature slowly. d. They have only one or two offspring. e. They have long life spans. 43. Emigration is the. a. lack of immigration into an area b. arrival of individuals into an established population c. departure movement of individuals from a population to another area d. arrival movement of individuals into an uninhabited area e. repeated movement into and out of an area 44. A group of interbreeding individuals of the same species in the same geographic region is called a(n). a. ecosystem b. biome c. community d. biosphere e. population Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 11

12 45. Species with a capacity for a high rate of population growth are called. a. r-selected species b. o-selected species c. j-selected species d. K-selected species e. p-selected species 46. Too much or too little of any physical or chemical factor can prevent the growth of a population, even if all other factors are at or near the optimum conditions. What is this ecological principle? a. resilience b. optimal level c. persistence d. tolerance e. limiting factor 47. What is the number of individuals in a population found within a defined area or volume that can limit the size of some populations? a. the range of tolerance b. the age structure c. the optimum population level d. population density e. population control 48. The maximum population of a given species that a particular habitat can sustain indefinitely is the definition of. a. biotic potential b. exponential growth c. logistic growth d. carrying capacity e. environmental resistance 49. Each population in an ecosystem has a to variations in its physical and chemical environment. a. high tolerance b. low resilience c. low tolerance d. range of tolerance e. high resilience Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 12

13 50. Exponential growth followed by a steady decrease in population growth until the population size stabilizes is typical of. a. exponential growth b. carrying capacity c. biotic potential d. environmental resistance e. logistic growth Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 13

14 Answer Key 1. c 2. d 3. e 4. d 5. a 6. d 7. b 8. b 9. a 10. b 11. c 12. a 13. d 14. e 15. a 16. b 17. b 18. e 19. b 20. d 21. e 22. d 23. c 24. d 25. e 26. c Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 14

15 27. b 28. d 29. c 30. d 31. a 32. a 33. e 34. c 35. e 36. a 37. d 38. d 39. e 40. d 41. c 42. b 43. c 44. e 45. a 46. e 47. d 48. d 49. d 50. e Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 15