Green & grey infrastructure

Transcription

1 Green & grey infrastructure Jan Olof (J.O.) Helldin IENE secretariat Calluna AB, Sweden Presentation at the conference Implementing the Green Infrastructure Strategy in Romania - policy and practice Arad, Romania, October 2015

2 Biodiversity is lost at an unprecedented rate Source: Rockström et al (2009)

3 Biodiversity decrease despite more protected areas Steady biodiversity decrease Total area of protected areas in Europe Source: WWF/UNEP Living Planet Index Source: EEA

4 Transport infrastructures have a large and increasing impact on future biodiversity Loss due to infrastructure, enchroachment and fragmentation Source: OECD Environmental Outlook 2050

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6 Environmental impacts of transport infrastructure Barrier effects Habitat loss Traffic mortality Disturbance (e.g. noise) Pollution and more

7 Askling et al (2005) Olsson et al (2008) Barrier effects on a broad range of taxa Large mammals Rodents Reptiles and amphibians Birds and bats Fish Mollusks Beetles and spiders Bees and butterflies Mader (1984)

8 Askling et al (2005) Olsson et al (2008) Barrier effects on a broad range of taxa Disrupts diurnal and seasonal movements Disrupts dispersal and migration Disrupts genetic interchange Leads to declining and degenerated populations Mader (1984)

9 Illustration of barrier effects: Wolf pair dispersing northwards through Sweden - stopped by infrastructures Source: Helldin and Swedish EPA (2013)

10 Traffic mortality Europe: 500 million animals killed each year Main cause of mortality for some species Sweden: 1-10% of medium and large mammal populations killed Some species highly sensitive to roads Erland Rosten

11 Number of badgers Example of population effects of traffic mortality: Badgers in Sweden Source: Seiler et al (2003) Total population: 250,000 Road killed: 27,500 = 11.0 % of population Age distribution (females): Road killed Population Age Mainly younger females killed Potentially larger effect on population

12 Disturbance from noise Sources: Reijnen & Foppen (2006) Helldin (2013)

13 Light pollution

14 Roadsides may also provide green infrastructure

15 Roads may be beneficial for some species Roadsides important for some rare species Minuartia viscosa Astragalus penduliflorus Andrena labialis Lycaena helle

16 For vertebrates the negative impacts of roads prevail Negative to positive 5:1 Small mammals: positive effects or no effect Mid-sized mammals: negative effects or no effect Large mammals: predominantly negative effects Fahrig & Rytwinski (2009) Effect on mammal population density up to 5 km from infrastructure, for birds up to 1 km Benítez-López et al (2010)

17 Mitigation measures Over- and underpasses for terrestrial mammals Photo Amphibian Miklos Puky tunnels Noise barriers Fencing Photo Andreas Wehner-Heil Ladders for arboreal species

18 National defragmentation programmes Germany Network of Habitat Corridors 93 priority areas for defragmentation measures 2012-ff Netherlands Dutch National Ecological Network 215 conflict points, 602 measures

19 Other planning issues of importance Avoiding crucial habitats and sensitive landscapes Compensating and restoring lost habitats Working with the positive potential (managing roadsides as habitats or corridors) Bundling of infrastructures Multi-modal transport planning Early involvement in the planning process (and in budgeting!)

20 Other planning issues of importance Avoiding crucial habitats and sensitive landscapes Compensating and restoring lost habitats Working with the positive potential (managing roadsides as habitats or corridors) Bundling of infrastructures Multi-modal transport planning Early involvement in the planning process (and in budgeting!)

21 Other planning issues of importance Avoiding crucial habitats and sensitive landscapes Compensating and restoring lost habitats Working with the positive potential (managing roadsides as habitats or corridors) Bundling of infrastructures Multi-modal transport planning Early involvement in the planning process (and in budgeting!)

22 Other planning issues of importance Avoiding crucial habitats and sensitive landscapes Compensating and restoring lost habitats Working with the positive potential (managing roadsides as habitats or corridors) Bundling of infrastructures Multi-modal transport planning Early involvement in the planning process (and in budgeting!)

23 Other planning issues of importance Avoiding crucial habitats and sensitive landscapes Compensating and restoring lost habitats Working with the positive potential (managing roadsides as habitats or corridors) Bundling of infrastructures Multi-modal transport planning Early involvement in the planning process (and in budgeting!)

24 Other planning issues of importance Avoiding crucial habitats and sensitive landscapes Compensating and restoring lost habitats Working with the positive potential (managing roadsides as habitats or corridors) Bundling of infrastructures Multi-modal transport planning Early involvement in the planning process (and in budgeting!)

25 IENE Infra Eco Network Europe Formalised network of experts and professionals in the field of transportation, infrastructure and ecology (since 1996) Transportation authorities, institutes, universities, non-profit NGOs, companies, and individuals Providing an independent, international and interdisciplinary arena for exchange of knowledge and experiences Encourage and enable cross-boundary cooperation in research, mitigation and planning Addressing decision makers, planners and researchers as well as the general public Help reduce the degradation and loss of Europe s natural areas and biodiversity

26 IENE members: a global community >300 registered members 50 countries 130 organizations International (European) steering committee Sectretariat currently in Sweden

27 IENE arranges forums for discussion Biannual international conferences on transport and ecology (Hungary 2010, Germany 2012, Sweden 2014) International scientific workshops dealing with specific questions in different countries (Hungary 2008, Portugal 2009, Greece 2011, Romania 2013, Czech Republic 2013) National workshops (Spain, Italy, Sweden, Hungary, Greece, Netherlands ) list (members@iene.info)

28 Examples of international research cooperation

29 IENE publications European Handbook Conference proceedings

30 IENE declarations Declaration on a European Defragmentation Programme - Potsdam 2012 Roadless Areas Declaration - Malmö 2014 Declaration on infrastructure habitats - Lyon 2016

31 Welcome to the next IENE International Conference Lyon, France 30 August 2 September Visit for free membership