What are the benefits of seeding native prairie vs tame grassland systems?

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1 Wht re the benefits of seeding ntive pririe vs tme grsslnd systems? Pul G. Jefferson 1, Michel P. Schellenberg 2, nd Aln D. Iws 2 1 Western Beef Development Centre, 2 Agriculture nd AgriFood Cnd Ntive Pririe Restortion/Reclmtion Workshop Februry , Regin, Ssktchewn

2 Agriculturl view of ntive species in the pst: Seedling estblishment is poor Forge yield is lower Forge qulity is better/worse Livestock production is lower h -1 Seed is expensive/poor qulity

3 Brown nd Amcher 1999 Ecologicl model: Introduced=erly, Ntive=lte serl Chrcteristic Erly Serl Lte Serl Adpttion Brod Nrrow Aggressiveness High Low Seed yield High Low Stress tolernce High Low?? Growth rte High Low Response fertility High Low Competitiveness Low-moderte High Root/shoot rtio Low High

4 Estblishment in three studies Common nme Ltin nme Kilcher & Loomn 1983 Jefferson et l Jefferson (unpublishe d) Crested whetgrss Agropryon desertorum Russin wildrye Psthyrostchys junce Northern whetgrss Western whetgrss Elymus lnceoltus Pscopyrum smithii Green needlegrss Nsell viridul Big bluestem Andropogon gerrdii Little bluestem Schizchyrium scoprium Pririe sndreed Clmovilf longifoli Indingrss Sorghstrum nutns Switchgrss Pnicum virgtum Snd dropseed Sporobolus cryptndrus

5 Ground cover chnge (%) from 1994 to 1997 t Swift Current Common nme Ltin nme Drylnd Irrigtion Northern whetgrss Elymus lnceoltus Western whetgrss Pscopyrum smithii -8-2 Green Needle grss Nsell viridul +4-2 Big bluestem Little bluestem Pririe sndreed Indingrss Andropogon gerrdii Schizchyrium scoprium Clmovilf longifoli Sorghstrum nutns Switchgrss Pnicum virgtum Sideots grm Boutelou curtipendul LSD 4 6

6 Men forge yield t two loctions Mg h -1 Common nme Ltin nme Lethbridge Swift Current Northern whetgrss Elymus lnceoltus Western whetgrss Pscopyrum smithii Green Needle grss Nsell viridul Big bluestem Little bluestem Pririe sndreed Indingrss Andropogon gerrdii Schizchyrium scoprium Clmovilf longifoli Sorghstrum nutns Switchgrss Pnicum virgtum Sideots grm Boutelou curtipendul LSD

7 Forge DM yield in 1991 nd 1994 Species 30 My July August July 1994 Crested whetgrss Intermedite whetgrss Russin wildrye Green needlegrss Big Bluestem Indingrss Pririe sndreed Switchgrss LSD (Jefferson unpublished)

8 Asy et l intermountin USA Common nme Ltin nme Vriety Bluebunch whetgrss Pseudoroegneri spict Goldr Northern whetgrss Elymus lnceoltus Bnnock, Critn Western whetgrss Pscopyrum smithii Rosn Snke River whetgrss Elymus wwwiensis Secr Crested whetgrss Agropyron cristtum Firwy, Dougls, Ephrim Agropyron desertorum Nordn, Hycrest Siberin crested whetgrss Agropyron frgile P-27, Vvilov Russin wildrye Psthyrostchys junce Boizosky, Cbree, Tetrcn, Vinll

9 Persistence Blue Creek site Asy et l Stnd % Yer vs CWG Yer vs RWR Yer vs Ntives Yer

10 Yield vs estblishment Blue Creek site Asy et l Hycrest 1991 DMY kg h Secr Goldr Nordn Firwy P-27 Ephrim Critn Vvilov Bnnock Rosn Dougls Bozoisky Tetrcn Cbree Vinll Stnd %

11 Asy et l conclusions At wetter loctions, ntives estblished nd yielded s well s introduced grsses. Ntive Triticee grsses were more difficult to estblish, less productive, nd less persistent thn their introduced counterprts t dry loctions.

12 Multiple Species Advntge (kg/h) CWG GNG RWR Switch WWG Ntive Mix Intro Mix

13 Simple imittion CWG GNG RWR Switch WWG Ntive Mix Intro Mix Seeding of multiple grss species finding include: 1) ntive nd introduced were similr in productivity nd 2) mixtures produced more thn mono-cultures Ech species of grss hd unique microbe community which chnged during the growing seson nd by soil depth.

14 Forge stnd ge Biomss (g.m2) Monoculture Polyculture yer

15 More non-am thn AM fungi live in ntive plnt roots Are AM fungi functionl in our dry ecosystem? Level of forge plnt root coloniztion by AM nd non-am fungi in erly nd lte summer, in Root colonistion (%) b Erly Summer Lte Summer b 0 AM Non-AM AM Non-AM

16 Non-AM fungi increse crested whetgrss nd Russin wildrye productivity, but decrese tht of blue grm. Blue grm Reltive dry mss (%) b b Crested whetgrss Russin wildrye b b AC1 BG17 EJ2 AC4 EJ5 b b Non-AM fungl isolte

17 Re-estblishment of mixed ntive grsslnd in Southwest Ssktchewn. Csh & in-kind contribution from Cndin Heritge Prks Cnd, DU, NPS-DU, Monsnto, Nexen Energy Inc. SERM, SskPower, Ssktchewn ADF nd MII. In ddition linkges with AAFC- Lethbridge & over 8 other federl, provincil, producer & ecologicl minded groups

18 Justin Kusler MSc 2009

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22 Justin Kusler MSc 2009

23 Justin Kusler MSc 2009

24 Jul-95 Aug-95 Jun-95 Sesonl chnges in winterft CP Winterft Crude Protein (%) Oct-94 Nov-94 Dec-94 Jn-95 Feb-95 Mr-95 Apr-95 My-95

25 Ingrm et l. 2008

26 Toombs et l. 2010

27 Finl Remrks Seedling estblishment Forge yield Beef production Seed yield Soil diversity Soil crbon sequestrtion wildlife