«The condition, dynamic and reasons of decline spruce in the North west of Russia». FGU «Northern Research Institute of Forestry» (Arkhangelsk)

Transcription

1 «The condition, dynamic and reasons of decline spruce in the North west of Russia». E.A. Surina, N.A. Demidova FGU «Northern Research Institute of Forestry» (Arkhangelsk)

2 FGU «Northern Research Institute of Forestry» (Arkhangelsk) tel: : (8182) fax: : (8182) forestry@ptl-arh.ru arh.ru, sevniilh@ptl-arh.ru

3 Project: «Establishment of European - Asian Network for the development of strategies to enhance the sustainable use of Sea Buckthorn» (EAN-SEABUCK) FP6 (SSA). Project coordinator TTZ Bremerhave (Germany). Five training seminars under the project in Arkhangelsk in May 2007 are organized and lead; one seminar is organized and held on cultivation of sea - buckthorn berries in Samarkand (Uzbekistan); generalization of results of seminars in Arkhangelsk and Samarkand on the basis of the received questionnaires of participants of training modules is lead; 5 kinds of booklets in five directions of activity of the project in the Chinese, English and Russian languages for distribution among interested persons are published.

4 Project: «Northern coniferous forests tools trough research for the sustainable use of forests in the Barents region» / EU Tacis: EU - Russia Neighbourhood Programme. Project coordinator Kolari Research station, METLA, Finland. The main objectives: 1) to study age structure and partial spatial features of forest stands of a spruce stands in characteristic types forest types for area of their large - scale disintegration; 2) to study trends of gap - dynamics of old - age spruce forests in scale of a separate forest location; 3) formation of approaches in fores using, directed on preservation of ecological stability of forests stands, especially at purpose of selective fellings.

5 Project: «Wood Bark and Peat as Raw Materials for Bioactive Compounds and Specialty Chemicals: from Innovations to Applications» («ForestSpeCs»). FP7. Project coordinator University of Helsinki, Finland. The ultimate target of the project is to replace certain large - volume, oil based chemical materials with bio-renewable and innovative products based on wood-related residues and humic substances. The aim is to find feasible ways to produce high value added, bioactive compounds such as pharmaceuticals and biological plant protection products, as well as to develop new environmentally benign industrial chemicals and polymers. Furthermore, one of the main targets is to create economically attractive options for the total usage of processed wood and peat residues either as a whole, or after extraction of the main bioactive fractions, for example in soil remediation.

6 Project application KOLARCTIC ENPI CBC PROGRAMME : «Refola - Reinforcing sustainability in forested landscapes in the Barents Region». The overall objective of this project is to reinforce the sustainability of forested landscapes in Barents region by addressing common challenges involved in the field. Specifically the purpose of the project is to prepare a network and facilities for multilateral actions of sustainable use and holistic management of forested landscapes in the Barents region and to prepare a project application according to the project results Project coordinator Finnbarents, Finland.

7 Forest divisions: 1 Arkhangelskoye 2 Bereznikovskoye 3 Velskoye 4 Verhnetoemskoye 5 Vilegodskoye 6 Emezkoye 7 Kargopolskoye 8 Karpogorskoye 9 Konoshskoye 10 Kotlasskoye 11 Krasnoborskoye 12 Leshukonskoye 13 Mezenskoye 14 Nyandomskoye 15 Onezskoye 16 Plesetskoye 17 Severodvinkoye 18 Ustyanskoye 19 Holmogorskoye 20 Shenkurskoye 23 Yarenskoye 25 Solovetskoye 26 Vyiskoye 27 Pinezskoye 28 Surskoye 29 Priozernoye 30 Obozerskoye 31 Puksoozerskoye 32 Kenozerskyi National Park 33 Vodlozerskyi National Park 34 Pinezskyi State Reserve intensive spruce decline; slow spruce decline Scheme spruce decline in the interfluve area between Northern Dvina and Pinega rivers

8 Verhnevaengskoye forest underdivision Kavrinskoye forest underdivision (sector 226) ПП 1 field plot 1 (spruce forest bilberry fresh) ПП 2 field plot 2 (spruce forest bilberry wet) ПП 3 field plot 3 (spruce herb-marsh) 1-Arkhangelskoye 2-Bereznikovskoye 3-Velskoye 4-Verhnetoemskoye 5-Vilegodskoye 6-Emezkoe 7-Kargopolskoye 8-Karpogorskoye 9-Konoshskoe 10-Kotlasskoye 11-Krasnoborskoye 12-Leshukonskoye 13-Mezenskoye 14-Nyandomskoye 15-Onezskoye 16-Plesetskoye 17-Severodvinkoye 18-Ustyanskoye 19-Holmogorskoye 20-Shenkurskoye 23-Yarenskoye 25-Solovetskoye 26-Vyiskoye 27-Pinezskoye 28-Surskoye 29-Priozernoye 30-Obozerskoye 31-Puksoozerskoye The field plots in spruce decline districts ( s) 32-Emezkoye forest division (Northern Arctic Federal University) 34-Nenetskoye 59-Kenozerskyi National Park 60-Vodlozerskyi National Park

9 Thus, differences were found between characteristics of spruce decline: Speed. Progressive decrease. In general, at least several years elapse between the first onset of symptoms and death. More often it is years or so. Mature cohort. The fact that declines affect a mature cohort in a population is an important feature that is often overlooked. Decline diseases affect trees that place the greatest demand on a site, the dominant and codominant trees. Symptoms. A key point is that these are nonspecific, very general symptoms. They are certainly not diagnostic. Dieback is usually more pronounced in hardwoods than in conifers, but branch dieback is not unusual in conifers. Cause. Decline diseases are caused by interaction of abiotic and biotic factors in three groups: Predisposing factors: Long-term. Often climate, site, age, genetic predisposition. May not lead to obvious problems, but predispose trees to: Inciting factors: Short-term. Things like defoliation, frost damage, drought. If not for the predisposing factors, trees would recover quickly, but predisposed tree go into decline and are vulnerable to: Contributing factors: Opportunistic fungi and insects like bark beetles. They finish off the tree, but normally wouldn't do so unless the tree was declining.

10 Scheme of hazard in spruce destruction forests.

11 Meteorological indicators of district of investigations in during of intensive decline spruce forests (Karpogory) Years temperature, С Meteorological indicators for vegetation period precipitations, mm С sum temperatures over 10 С % from middle perennial hydrothermal coefficient Selyaninova Wind speed for year, m/s middle maximum Meteorological indicators for winter s period temperature С precipitations, % Years december january february middle minimu maximu m m snow rain fog hail snow rain fog hail snow rain fog hail absent absent absent

12 The main steps for recommendations about the decision of questions of management in drying spruce forests are: for areas of decline of spruce forests the forest inventory enterprises should plan a special locations for cutting, for example, the area «on a condition» and forest using of these forest stands approximately for 10 years; in drying out old spruce forests the clear cuttings should be recommended. In the presence of enough spruce undergrowth under crow layer of spruce forests should be used clear cutting with conservation of spruce undergrowth; reforestation territories its necessary for carrying out with the maximum use of natural potential, that is at the expense of undergrowth conservation and assistance measures to natural reforestation. Artificial restoration of forest on cuttings in a zone of drying out spruce forests should be spent only planting of the standard and integrated planting material or cultures with closed root system with partial preparation of soil.

13 Scientific topics of interest: «Focus on boreal forests: the effects of changes in climate, forest - use on trees growth, wood supply and carbon sequestration in boreal forests». Duration: 18 months. Aim: Awareness raising on Climate change issues at the territory of the North - West Russia for sustainable forest management development in the Barents region. Objectives: The objective is competence building in the Nordic region and the Adjacent Areas through dissemination of issues connected with the Climate change situation. Networks establishment, conferences, workshops.

14 The conference has important role in promoting of dialogue international and collaborative research to support the sustainable management and conservation of forest resources. More knowledge that is scientific is needed to better understand the complex relations between water soil biodiversity climate change in context of development of forestry and managing natural resources.

15 Thanks for attention