ASSESSMENT OF BIOMASS FOR ENERGY FROM FOREST INDUSTRY WASTE

Transcription

1 ASSESSMENT OF BIOMASS FOR ENERGY FROM FOREST INDUSTRY WASTE Khali Aziz Hamzah, Puad Elham, Hamdan Omar and Parid Mamat Biomass Asia Conference 2013, May 2013, Kuala Lumpur

2 Presentation Outline Introduction General Approach Methodology Results Conclusion

3 Forest Areas in Malaysia (2011) Malaysia has about 25.8 million hectares or 75.5% under forest or tree cover million hectares forest cover -5.3 million hectares tree cover The total forest cover million hectares in Sarawak (49.7%) -5.9 million hectares in Peninsular Malaysia (28.7%) -4.4 million hectares in Sabah (21.5%) Source : Malaysian Timber Certification Council (MTCC)

4 Introduction Distribution, Area and Types of Forest in Malaysia 2011 (mil ha) Region Peninsular Malaysia Land area Dry inland Natural Forest Swamp forest Mangro ve forest Plantati on forest Total Forested land % of Total Land Area Sabah Sarawak Total (Malaysia)

5 Forest Areas in Peninsular Malaysia Forest Types in Malaysia

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7 Introduction 36,503 ha of Permanent Reserve Forests (PRFs) were harvested in 2011 in Peninsular Malaysia, which was 64.9% of the total Annual Allowable Cut (AAC) approved. 35,103 ha of Stateland Forest and 19,164 ha of Alienated Land was also harvested in the same year. Total log production from those areas was estimated at 4,602,311 m 3. Forest biomass waste is generated on the forest floor during timber harvesting and extraction operations and at the processing centres or mills. It is anticipated that Peninsular Malaysia is rich with sources of forest biomass wastes that have potential for generating renewable energy or bioenergy.

8 Forestry biomass waste Biomass organic matter available on a renewable basis Forest biomass waste are defined as those forms of wood that cannot be marketed at a profit from a given logging or manufacturing operation under the current economic situation and state of technological development

9 Logging residues These are residues generated during the various phases of the logging operation. These residues come in the form of bark, stumps, tops, branches, broken logs, defective logs, injured standing trees and others. Primary manufacturing residues These are residues generated in the primary wood-based industries which include: slabs, edgings, trimmings, sawdust and others. Secondary manufacturing residues These are residues generated by the planing mills, moulding plants flooring mills, furniture factories and others. In the form of sawdust, planer shavings, small pieces of lumber trimmings, edgings, barks, fragments and others

10 SCOPE Focus only on downstream activities: Wood Industrial Wastes (all types of wood): Off-cut & Saw Dust

11 Others 119 MILLS DISTRIBUTION 2011 Sg. Buloh, Selangor Muar, Johor Kulim, Kedah Sawmills 1,006 Moulding mills 338 Kiln Drying/ Preservation plants 186/106 Fibreboard 14 Plywood/Veneer/ blockboard mills 230 Peninsular Malaysia 2,896 Total 4,200 mills Sabah 596 Sarawak 708 Peninsular Malaysia 1,678 Sabah 60 Kota Kinabalu (KKIP) Sarawak 419 Kuala Baram Miri Lanang, Sibu Damak Laut, Kuching Kota Semarahan Furniture plants 2,157 Source : MTIB, DOSM, FD, Sabah FD, STIDC 11

12 ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF THE TIMBER AND FURNITURE INDUSTRY, 2011 Contribution of timber to total Export 2.9 % of RM billion (Wooden and Rattan Furniture 31% of RM 20.0 billion) Market Size Total : 33.0 billion Export : RM 20.0 billion Domestic : RM 13.0 billion 2011* Employment 226,415 persons (Furniture 81,827 persons) * estimated Approved Investments Wood and wood products: RM 1.03 billion Furniture & fixtures: RM million Total : 1.3 billion Source : MTIB, DOSM, MIDA 12

13 General Approach Sources of Biomass Waste Categories of Residues Locations of Residues BIOMASS Forestry Products & Residues Downstream Sawmills Other wood production mills Spatially Distributed Map

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16 Downstream: Biomass waste from mills /wood based industry Waste (m 3 ) = Mill capacity (m 3 )*conversion factor

17 Estimated Capacity of Wood Based Processing Industry Year Saw mill (000,000 m 3 ) Plywood mill/veneer (000,000 m 3 ) ,137 1, Source: Perangkaan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia 2010 Summary of Mills in Malaysia Location Sawmills Other Mills Peninsular Malaysia

18 Calculation of Calorific Values A measure for the energy value of wood is the heat energy per unit volume (MJ/m 3 ). Using this measure, the amount of heat energy that can be derived from a fixed volume of wood can be easily estimated. Y = 18.65X Y = 2.816X Where: Y = Calorific value in MJ/m 3 X = Density in kg/m 3 ( ) Source: Ser and Tan, (1985). Calorific Values of Some Malaysian Timber. The Malayan Forester 48(2): 1-5

19 RESULTS

20 Example data: Furniture mills locations & Capacity Koordinat X Koordinat Y Company Mill capacity (m 3 ) WR WMR Sykt Cheng Seng Co., Johor Bahru 2.72 WR WMR Chuang Xin Metal & Wood Industry Sdn Bhd, Ulu Tiram 9.06 WR WMR Khiam Hup Decoration Sdn Bhd, Johor Bahru 1.81 WR WMR Koda Woodcraft Sdn Bhd, Senai WR WMR Sykt Perabot Lien Lee, Skudai 9.06 WR WMR Ostin Furniture, Johor Bahru 5 WR WMR P.K.N Fairwood Sdn Bhd, Ulu Tiram WL WMR Airegold Sdn Bhd, Muar, WL WMR Alian Trading Sdn Bhd, Muar, WL WMR Beng Lee Furniture, Muar, WL WMR Chernyen Ind. Sdn Bhd, Muar, WL WMR Chia Yee Furniture Ind. Sdn Bhd, Muar, 38 WL WMR Chuan Heng Furniture Products Sdn Bhd, Muar WL WMR Concorde Furniture Ind., Muar 90.6 WL WMR Lii Hen Furniture Sdn. Bhd / CT Haup Heng Sdn Bhd, Muar 1269 WL WMR Elegant Wood-Link Sdn Bhd, Muar, WL WMR Euro Dome Sdn Bhd, Muar WL WMR Everise Furniture Ind.Sdn Bhd, Muar WL WMR Favourite Design Sdn Bhd, Muar 91

21 Wood waste generated from different wood industries in Peninsular Malaysia, 2010 Mills Consumption (m³) Production (m³) Waste (m³) Sawmill 3,920,570 2,675,384 1,245,186 Playwood mill 681, , ,488 Moulding mill 290, ,500 55,399

22 Total potential energy generated from biomass waste of wood industries No Mill Potential energy (GJ) 1 Sawmill 7,373,080 2 Plywood and Veneer 1,021,529 3 Mouldings 341,449

23 POTENTIAL ENERGY GENERATED FROM BIOMASS (SAWMILLS WASTE)

24 POTENTIAL ENERGY GENERATED FROM BIOMASS (PLYWOOD & VENEER MILLS WASTE)

25 POTENTIAL ENERGY GENERATED FROM BIOMASS (MOULDING MILLS WASTE)

26 Conclusion Abundance of potential biomass resources in Peninsular wood residues Malaysia from Biomass for energy striking a balance between fuelling economic activities and environmental protection Energy from biomass is sustainable, emits less CO 2 and and heavy metal during burning less polluting contains less sulfur Biomass utilization needs government support through:- - Law and policies - Adequate regulating framework & enforce biomass programs - Appropriate and attractive incentives

27 Thank You