Public Private Partnership for prebreeding in perennial ryegrass. EUCARPIA Genetic Resources Section Meeting 2013 Alnarp, Sweden June 2013

Transcription

1 Public Private Partnership for prebreeding in perennial ryegrass EUCARPIA Genetic Resources Section Meeting 2013 Alnarp, Sweden June 2013

2 NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) The main forage grass species in Denmark and further south and west in Europe Important in southern Sweden and parts of southwestern Norway Finland: 2%, Estonia: 13%, Norway 13% of certified seed sale Superior feed quality and productivity under frequent cutting regimes Is expected to expand further north due to milder winters with shorter periods of snow cover

3 NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Main problems with perennial ryegrass Susceptibility to low-temperature fungi Inadequate growth cessation in autumn to allow for sufficient cold hardening Can de-harden too early with increased risk of frost injury in spring Festuca arundinacea and L. perenne F. pratensis and L. perenne L. perenne at Vågønes, Bodø

4 Why pre-breeding of L. perenne? Predicted climate changes Perennial grass species show local adaptation to temperature and photoperiod (ecotypes) Annual photoperiod-temperature regimes change with increasing temperature Longer growth seasons, changing precipitation patterns etc. Need new types of cultivars Are the available germplasms and active breeding populations sufficiently broad?

5 The PPP perennial ryegrass pre-breeding project Aim: Identify and select new plant materials for development of cultivars with a suitable adaptation to future climates Recombine exotic materials with existing germplasm to create new genetic resources A pre-breeding program is a continuous and long-term activity

6 Work packages WP1 WP2 WP3 Locating and requesting Lolium perenne accessions and cultivars Multiplication of gene bank accessions for further testing Testing the potential winter hardiness of existing perennial ryegrass cultivars WP4 WP5 WP6 Phenotyping of gene bank accessions Establishing a broad breeding population (Base broadening) Genetic diversity analyses and trait/marker associations

7 Flow- chart of the PPP for pre- breeding programme in Lolium perenne WP1 Reques ng seed WP2 WP3 WP4 Seed mul plica on Cul var trials Phenotyping Broad breeding popula on Genotyping, diversity WP5 WP N, DK DK N, S, IS FIN, EE N, DK, S, FIN N, DK 2013 WP N, S, DK, IS FIN, IS, EE WP WP8 WP N, S, DK, IS FIN, IS, EE N, S, DK, IS FIN, IS, EE WP10 10

8 WP1 - Locating and requesting Lolium perenne accessions and cultivars Country Wild Cultivars/ Unknown Total breeding lines Austria Belgium 1 1 Canada 1 1 Czech Rep Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Holland 6 6 Hungary Italy 6 6 Japan 3 3 Kirgizstan 1 1 Latvia Lithuania Moldova 1 1 Norway Poland Romania Russia Switzerland Slovakia Slovenia 1 1 Sweden Turkey 9 9 UK Ukraine USA Total Goal: 400 accessions Result: cultivars with very good winter survival (WP3)

9 Plant materials and work packages Multiplication WP 2 DK 60 plants/acc Accessions sown at DLF, Denmark All plants/acc Genotyping WP 6 DK, NO Phenotyping WP 4 DK, NO, SE, FI Recombination WP 4 DK, NO

10 WP3 - Testing the potential winter hardiness of existing perennial ryegrass cultivars Korpa Lännes Hamar Jokioinen Jõgeva

11 Cultivar Ploidy Country Premium 2n CH Arvicola 2n CH Cavia 2n CH Ivana 2n DK Pionero 4n DK SW Irene 2n SE SW Birger 4n SE SW Leia 4n SE SW Svea 2n SE SW Gunne 2n SE Riikka 2n FI Raidi 2n EE Raite 4n EE Fagerlin 2n NO Spidola 2n LV Arvella 2n CH Salamandra 4n CH Norlea 2n CA Falk 4n NO Einar 4n NO Trygve 4n NO Cultivars used in WP3 Fjaler 4n NO Field trial in Norway, spring 2013 Field trial in Estonia, spring 2013

12 Winter survival of cultivars

13 NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES WP4 - Phenotyping of accessions Field design: 5 plants x 4 reps x 383 accessions Phenotyping field trial in Sweden, 2013 Differences in winter survival of accessions, Sweden 2013

14 Flow- chart of the PPP for pre- breeding programme in Lolium perenne WP1 Reques ng seed WP2 WP3 WP4 Seed mul plica on Cul var trials Phenotyping Broad breeding popula on Genotyping, diversity WP5 WP N, DK DK N, S, IS FIN, EE N, DK, S, FIN N, DK 2013 WP N, S, DK, IS FIN, IS, EE WP WP8 WP N, S, DK, IS FIN, IS, EE N, S, DK, IS FIN, IS, EE WP10 10

15 WP5 Establishment of a broad breeding population Two crossing blocks Denmark and Norway 10 plants per accession, randomized Recombined for two generations: Single-seed-descent from each plant One early and one late seed harvest Also bulk harvest of seeds from generation 1 WP 5 - the basis for future pre-breeding work (WP 8) Develop site specific populations by natural selection Develop one population with wide adaptation Association mapping (WP 10)

16 WP6 - Genetic diversity analyses using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) Discarded Grinding for DNA Isola on

17 WP6 GBS in the PPP perennial ryegrass project Collec on of plant material (DLF) Freeze drying (Aarhus) Mul plexing in 5 pools DNA isola on and normaliza on (UMB) Construc on of GBS libraries (Aarhus) Sequencing ongoing at the moment (AU)

18 Genome-wide allele frequency fingerprinting (GWAFF) Novel genotyping strategy for popula ons based on allele frequencies (Byrne et al. 2013; PlosONE). 25/75% 10/90%

19 GWAFF/GBS analyses Allele frequency estimation Genetic distance between populations Basis for association studies (WP10) (Byrne et al. 2013; PlosONE)

20 Partner institutions (project group members) DLF Trifolium (Anders Søndergaard Larsen) Lantmännen (Christer Persson) Graminor (Petter Marum) Boreal (Miko Isolathi) Jõgeva Plant Breeding Institute (Rene Aavola) Agricultural University of Iceland (Aslaug Helgadottir) University of Aarhus (Torben Asp) Norwegian University of Life Sciences (Odd Arne Rognli)

21 NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Project group at Graminor in May 2013