Consultancy on Tree seed source evaluation and management in Vietnam Indochina Tree Seed Programme/Vietnam Tree Seed Project

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1 Consultancy on Tree seed source evaluation and management in Vietnam Indochina Tree Seed Programme/Vietnam Tree Seed Project By Erik D. Kjær, D.Sc., Danida Forest Seed Centre. May 1999 Objectives: According to attached TOR (annex 1), in brief: Participate in organisation and lecturing in a one week training course in seed source management held at Qui Nhon, preparation of training material to be translated to Vietnamese. Discuss seed source management in Vietnam in general, and in more technical details at a number of selected seed sources. Elaborate on the concept of seed source registration and a national seed source list approaching implementation level Participate in organisation of a workshop on seed source management and present general findings for discussion Achievements The training course was successfully held at Qui Nohn Enterprise of CFSC for approximately 20 participants (CFSC, FDD and provincial foresters). Training material in terms of overhead slides was prepared, translated to Vietnamese and copies distributed. Additional notes on design and genetic thinning in seedling seed orchards, and elaboration on breeding seed orchard concept were drafted. CFSC, RCFTI/FSIV, FIPI, FRC/Bai Bang research station and MARDs department working with assessment and management of protected and unprotected natural forest were visited, the issue of seed source management discussed and information compiled. Importance of better seed source management for indigenous species were included in these discussions. Also, opinions on the value of a national seed source register were exchanged. A number of seed sources were visited. Itinerary and list of persons met are enclosed (annex 2). The technical report including general and specific findings was drafted (list of content presented in annex 3). The workshop was organised successfully and was attended by representatives from key institutions. Some general findings were presented and discussed. Minutes from the discussions were prepared. Main findings and recommendations Six major issued are given special attentions in the technical report, and were be discussed in more details with the project: Seed source management as a tool to simple domestication gene conservation of valuable indigenous species: CFSC have established ESSO/BSO stands with valuable indigenous timber and multipurpose tree species. It is recommended that this important pilot work be followed up by elaboration of the concepts and an assessment of the need for establishment of seed sources for additional species. Results from PRA studies should be included, and a possible action plan outlined. Co-operation with FIPI, Forest College and FSIV will be important. Tree improvement of priority species: Vietnam has skilled tree breeders and a good co-operation with both SkogsForsk (Sweden) and Australian Tree Seed Centre. Intensive tree improvement has been initiated for selected Pinus, Eucalyptus, Acacia and Cassuria species and hybrids. Plus trees have been selected and testing initiated. These activities are still in a fairly early phase, and the importance of close co-operation is recognised. This goes especially for testing in order to secure that the Clonal Seed Orchard and

2 vegetative propagated clones are tested at several locations. Eucalyptus urophylla and E. camaldulensis are known to shown fairly large so-called GXE interaction, which means that care should be taken not to introduce the same planting material on a large scale over all of Vietnam until results from testing are available. Close co-operation between CFSC and RCFTI will be required. Deployment of vegetative propagated clones for large-scale plantings: Use of cuttings and tissue culture is given high priority in order to save time and be able to procure large amount of planting material for the large afforestation programme. Also, application of hybrids will in practice require vegetative propagation. The price for cuttings is approximately twice the price for seedlings. Cost for tissue culture is approximately 4 times the cost of seedlings. It is recommended to consider the application of vegetative propagation carefully so that it is applied were most gain can be harvested (superior, locally tested clones). Also, combination with propagation in clonal seed orchards should be considered because the cheaper improved seedlings then becomes available a 4-6 years later. It is also recommended to consider the number of clones in clonal mix, and this question is elaborated in the technical report. As discussed above, special care should be taken if applying the same clones on a large scale unless they are tested at many locations. Seed import: Shortage of seed is meet by import of e.g. Pinus seed from China. Large provenance variation exists for most tree species, and it is therefore suggested that results from available provenance trials should be applied to the extent possible in order to secure that only suitable seed are imported. In the absence of test result, provenance - planting site matching should be considered, and good record of the seed origin should be kept. A comprehensive seed source list. The value of a seed source register is recognised as a tool to (i) increase the awareness of the importance of good seed sources, (ii) for seed traders and buyers, (iv) for planning, and in order to keep track of the seed sources (certification). It is recommended to develop a flexible system where the flow of information is considered to be the most important. Comprehensive surveys of seed sources have been done in Vietnam, and lists of key information to register have been developed and discussed. A Windows based database has also been developed and some of the data entered. Still, the organisational set-up should be decided, common registration list should be agreed upon, a unique numbering system selected, and the joint list developed. It may be advisable to start with a pilot project covering only a few provinces in the initial phase. Conversion of selected seed sources in native forests to seed production areas. Large areas are planned to be converted in order to established an adequate seed supply of many species. However, many indigenous climax species are depend on fairly specific pollinators, and successful seed production may therefore (at least in theory) be influenced by the removal of associated species. It is therefore recommended to look into this import issue in more detail in order to avoid problems with decreasing fruit production. Follow-up Technical report drafted TOR for development of national seed registration, and two training notes on seed source establishment that will be send to the project within 2 weeks. Comments from the project will be discussed and included. Co-operation between DFSC and CFSC in development of BSO/ESSO concepts for domestication of valuable MPT and timber trees will be discussed further between these two organisations.

3 Annex 1: Terms of Reference 1. Background and justification Vietnam Tree Seed Project (VTSP) is part of the Regional Capacity Building Support to the tree seed sector of Indochina (Vietnam, Lao and Cambodia) under MIKA funding and Danida execution through Indochina Tree Seed Programme (ITSP). The support was identified and formulated during and inception was October Government of Vietnam has recently embarked on a major, 12 year tree planting programme for known as 5 mill ha programme for which the seed supply component is placed with host institution of VTSP & ITSP: Central Forest Seed Company (CFSC), a public service enterprise relating to Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development (MARD). CFSC has a nation wide mandate and operates through seven seed enterprises. The strategy of VTSP is to develop the human resource at CFSC as well as establishing a Network of all stakeholders in the seed sector of Vietnam. Over the past two decades a number of seed sources and seed orchards have been identified and/or established. It is now timely to evaluate the effort and proceed with improvement through management of these areas. This consultancy will focus on establishing an overview of the task ahead and in particular implement a first, practical seed source management course in the field for selected CFSC technical staff. Future consultancies will focus on using CFSC staff to train local foresters. 2. Objective To develop the human resource at CFSC including its seven enterprises throughout Vietnam enabling them to carry out the task of modern seed source management. 3. Output The outputs of the consultancy will be: a. Short review of seed source establishment and management undertaken so far in Vietnam b. 10 days field based (Qui Nhon Enterprise) training course in seed source identification, evaluation and management. c. Short review of seed source registration and documentation as undertaken so far and drafting of TOR for future consultancy of this topic. d. One day seminar in Hanoi for MARD, CFSC and other forestry officials presenting achievements, recommendations and future actions. 4. Activities a. Brief overview of seed sources identified and their level of management b. Rapid assessment of priority species and locations for immediate management priorities including visit to 2-3 selected sites c. Conduct 10 days field course for foresters (B.Sc.), two selected by each Enterprise and some from CFSC HQ and MARD. d. Develop appropriate field guide / training material, startup translation of such e. Rapid assessment of state of seed source registration f. Workshop / discussion at CFSC HQ on needs and possible actions supported by ITSP on this topic. g. Draft TOR and timing for further activities pertaining to seed source management. h. CFSC counterpart staff to collect and organize documentation and data in advance of consultant's arrival as per prior communications with consultant. 5. Method of work The consultant will work closely with the NPM and C/TA of ITSP. For the actual implementation of the training course, Mr. Lieu, Network Coordinator will be full time counterpart. Further more a full time translator will be provided as needed. When planning the training sessions there should be allowed for 100% extra time for translations to Vietnamese. A debriefing note will be prepared for a session at CFSC before departure of consultant. 6. Reporting A draft report or debriefing note will be discussed with CFSC before departure. The final report in diskette and printed format should be delivered to DFSC and ITSP within one month of completion of consultancy. 7. Timing and staffing The consultancy will be implemented during four weeks in Vietnam May April Tentatively with three days at CFSC, Hanoi then five days in field mainly to establish and assess training venues, 10 days of training course in field and one week at CFSC examining seed source registers and drafting reports.

4 Annex 2: Itinerary and Persons met. 1/5 Departure from Copenhagen 14:30 2/5 Arrival in Hanoi at 16:20 (total travel time from 11:30 to 17:30 = 25 hours). 3/5 CFSC/ VTSP: 8:00 to 17:00: Discuss TOR incl. scope of the workshop (director Dr. Tai, Mr. Laub, Mr. Jens Aare Olsen and Mr. Lars Schmidt). Discuss training programme in details (Mr. Schmidt). Introduction to seed source registration and management at CFSC (Mr. Lieu and Dr. Tai). 20:00 1:00: Prepare training material for translation 4/5 7:00 to 17:00:FSIV/RCTI. Introduction to RCTI by Director, Prof. Dr. Kha, Mr. Dien, and Dr. Thinh. Visit research nursery and tissue culture lab. Visit seed orchards (Pinus merkusii, Eucalyptus urophylla, Acacia mangium) clonal and progeny trials at Bavi Bay Exp. Station (head of station Mr. Nhan and Dr. Thinh). 17:00 to 18:00: Informal meeting at the roof of the Danish Embassy with programme leader Mr. Christensen (reception for Danes in Vietnam). 20:00 to 21:30:Compile information 5/5 6:00 to 9:00: Travel to Phu Thu. 9:00 to 17:00: Visit Vietnam Paper Co-operation. Introductions by director Hong visit tissue culture lab, cutting propagation nursery and clonal trial of Eucalyptus (Gianthanh). Visit North Western seed enterprise (Phu Thu). Introduction and presentation of seed sources (vice director Du). 20:00 to 21:00: Compile information Accommodation Bai Bong. 6/5 6:30 to 15:00: Visit seed sources (Mangeletia glauca, Pterocarpus macrocarpus, Eucalyptus urophylla, Acacia mangium, Pinus caribeae, Styrax tungensis, Canarium album, Camellia sp., Erythrohlorm fordia, and Acacia crassicarpa) at Phu Thu experimental station and discuss management 15:00 to 18:30: Travel to Hanoi 7/5 8:00 to 17:00: Meet Director, Dr. Quan, Project on Sustainable management of resources in the lower Mekong basin; Department for Forest Development. Meet director Dr. Dong, Forest Resource and Environment Centre, FIPI. Prepare lectures for training course in Qui Nohn to 23:30: Prepare lectures for training course 8/5 6:00 to 17:00: Travel to Danang by air and from Danang to Qui Nohn by car. Visit Qui Nohn seed enterprise and discuss training course facilities 20:00 to 21:00: Prepare lectures for training course 9/5 7:30 to 11:00: Visit seed sources at Tan Vinh experimental station (vice director Din). Prepare field exercises at Tan Vihn. 11:00 to 18:00: Prepare lectures for training course 20:30 to 23:30: Compile information and prepare report 10/5 7:30 to 17:00: Training course at Qui Nohn, lectures and exercises 20:00 to 22:00: Prepare lectures for training course 11/5 7:30 to 17:00: Training course at Qui Nohn, lectures and exercises 20:00 to 22:00: Prepare lectures for training course 12/5 7:00 to 17:00:Training course at Qui Nohn lectures and exercises 20:30 to 22:30:Prepare lectures for training course 13/5 7:30 to 17:00: Training course at Qui Nohn, lectures and exercises 21:00 to 22:00: Prepare lectures for training course 14/5 7:30 to 17:00: Training course at Qui Nohn, lectures and exercises 15/5 7:30 to 17:00:Training course at Qui Nohn, lectures, exercises and evaluation 16/5 9:00 to 23:00: Travel to Hanoi 17/5 8:00 to 16:30 & 20:00 to 22:00: Plan and prepare workshop 18/5 8:00 to 13:00: Prepare workshop and compile report 13:00 to 16:30: Visit Forest resource and Environmental Centre, FIPI, MARD (vice director Vu Van Dzung, and social forestry and nature conservation expert Nguyen Huy Dzung) to discuss forest statistics, the net work of protected areas in Vietnam, enrichment plantings in protected areas, and ecological zonation systems in Vietnam. 20:00-02:00:Prepare workshop and compile recommendations 19/5 8:00 to 16:00 & 20:00 to 23:00: Prepare workshop and compile report 20/5 7:30 to 17:00: Workshop at CFSC/VTSP 21/5 Debriefing at CFSC/VTSP, debriefing at Danish Embassy. Departure for HCMC-Bangkok-Copenhagen

5 Annex 3: Content of technical report Summery and recommendations... Error! Bookmark not defined. Abbreviations... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1. Introduction and terms of reference... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2. Decreasing forest cover and increasing reforestation activities... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3. Establishment and management of forest seed sources in Vietnam... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1 Tree improvement and establishment of improved seed sources... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2 Seed source management... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.3 Registration and national seed sources lists... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4. Considerations related to use of native forests as seed sources... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.1 Impact from forests utilisation including conversion of selected stands to seed production areas... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.2 Differences between native forests and plantations as seed sources... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5. Options for domestication of valuable indigenous species in managed seed stands... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6. Seed zones and breeding zones as a tool in seed source management... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7. Employment of vegetative propagation and its relation to seed source management... Error! Bookmark not defined. 8. Technical recommendations concerning the seed sources established by CFSC: Follow-up on discussion during field visits.... Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.1 Comments on the number of trees included in seed orchards and seed stands... Error! Bookmark not defined. Calculation of effective number of seed trees... Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.2 Comments on plot size and spacing in the seed orchards.... Error! Bookmark not defined. Calculation of plot size in seedling seed orchards... Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.3 Comments on thinning regimes, phenotypic and genetic selection... Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.4 Selection for next generation in the CFSC seed sources... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 1: List of tree seed sources in Vietnam... Error! Bookmark not defined. Annex 2: Terms of reference Annex 3: Itinerary and Persons met