Version 1 September 2017 KEY PROJECT INFORMATION Transition Annex Page 1 of 29

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1 Gold Standard for the Global Goals Transition Annex (To be used by all GS CDM/VER stand alone projects and PoAs, Micro Scale stand alone projects and Micro PoAs) Version 1 September 2017 KEY PROJECT INFORMATION Transition Annex Page 1 of 29

2 Title of Project/PoA/Activity: Dissemination of TLUD improved cook stoves in the Sundarbans, India GS ID of the project/poa/activity: 1296 GS Version: 2.2 Brief description of Project: The project activity aims at reducing the fuel wood consumption of households by disseminating improved wood gasifier cook stoves, called TLUD, at highly subsidized prices in the Sunderbans region in India; moreover the consumption of conventional charcoal by selected traditional charcoal users shall be reduced by providing them charcoal generated in the wood gasifier stoves. Additional benefits to the climate shall be achieved by supplying TLUD users with renewable biomass for use in the TLUD. Project type: Energy/Land Use Energy For Renewable Energy Projects intention to apply - RECs Labels (y/n) GS Stream (CDM/VER): VER Scale (large/scale/micro): micro GS Registration Date: GS Crediting period start date: CDM Registration Date: - CDM Crediting period start date: - Project Developer: atmosfair ggmbh Project Representative: atmosfair ggmbh Project Participants and any communities involved: atmosfair ggmbh, Germany Servals Automation, India Sapient Infotech, India Host Country/Location: India Methodologies applied: AMS II.G., version 05: Energy Efficiency Measures in Thermal Applications of n-renewable Biomass. SDG Impacts: AMS-I.E, version 5, is applied: Switch from nonrenewable biomass for thermal applications by the user. 1 Goal 1; Target 1.1, Target 1.2 : Indicators: Income generated by the sales of the charcoal 2 Goal 7; Target 7.1; Indicator: Increase in number of households using clean cooking devices such as Improved Cook Stoves 3 Goal 8; Target 8.5; Indicators: Number of jobs created by the project activity. Estimated amount of SDG Impact (GSVERs and others) 4- Goal 13; Target 13.2; Indicator: GHG emissions saved annually through the project as contribution to a low greenhouse gas emission development path of India 10,000 metric tonnes CO2 equivalent per annum reduced Transition Annex Page 2 of 29

3 NOTE: This Annex shall be used for all PoAs if the sustainable development assessment is conducted at PoA level. In case sustainable development assessment is conducted at activity level, then this Annex shall be filled for each of the activities. SECTION A Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) outcomes A.1 Relevant target for each of the three SDGs SDG Goal 1; End poverty in all its forms everywhere Goal 7 - Affordable and clean energy Goal 8 - Decent work and economic growth Goal 13 - Climate action Positive/ Neutral/ Negative Positive Positive Positiv Positive Chosen SDG Target 1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.90 a day 7.1 By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services 8.5 By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value 13.2 Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning Indicator defined for the project Income generated by the sales of the charcoal Number of stoves sold Number of jobs created by the project activity, e.g. throu stove sales or charcoal collection. Tonns of CO 2 emisson reductions annually generated through the project. Justification Information The project will create income for stove users who sell charcoal generated in the TLUD back to the project or directly to users of charcoal. The project is designed to provide cleaner, safer, more affordable and more efficient cooking equipment than traditional stoves to poor household by means of carbon finance. The subsidized price paid by users will be monitored. The project will lead to increased economic and employment opportunities. Jobs will be created that benefit locals, with income above local average. The number of jobs created will be monitored, and also evidence on the income and equal income for both men and women for the same job, will be provided. Reduction of GHG emissions through the project activities A.2 Explanation of methodological choices/approaches for estimating the SDG outcome > The micro-scale project activity is a Type (ii) project (Energy Efficiency Improvement Projects) and applies the small scale baseline and monitoring methodology AMS II.G., version 05: Energy Efficiency Measures in Thermal Applications of n-renewable Biomass Transition Annex Page 3 of 29

4 Additionally, the project is a Type (i) project (Renewable Energy Projects) since it generates charcoal as a waste product which can thus be regarded as renewable biomass, according to EB 23, annex 18. This renewable charcoal replaces conventional charcoal and firewood. Additionally, the project plans to supply TLUD users with renewable biomass. For these two components, AMS-I.E, version 5, is applied: Switch from nonrenewable biomass for thermal applications by the user. Emission reductions are calculated by summarizing ER from both the stove efficiency-component and the charcoal-replacement-component. (equation 1) Where: ER total: ER II.G: ER I.E: ER total = ER II.G + ER I.E Total emission reductions of the project Emission reductions of the stove efficiency component Emission reductions of the charcoal replacement component A.I Emission reductions from the Stove Efficiency Improvements Component (AMS II.G) It is formally assumed that in the absence of the project activity, the baseline scenario would be the use of fossil fuels for meeting similar thermal energy needs. Therefore, emission reductions are calculated by multiplying the thermal energy from annual biomass savings stemming from non-renewable biomass with an emission factor for fossil fuels. The following formula is given in AMS-II.G: ER II.G,y = B y,savings * f NRB * NCV biomass * EF projected_fossilfuel * N i,y (equation 2) Where: ER y B y,savings f NRB NCV biomass EF projected_fossilfuel N y,i Emission reductions during the monitoring period y in tco 2e Quantity of woody biomass that is saved per device in tonnes in the monitoring period y Fraction of woody biomass saved by the project activity that can be established as non-renewable biomass Net calorific value of the non-renewable woody biomass that is substituted (IPCC default for wood fuel, TJ/tonne) Emission factor for the substitution of non-renewable woody biomass by similar consumers. A default value of 81.6 tco2/tj is given in AMS-II.G. Number of project devices of type i operating in year y For NCV biomass and EF projected_fossilfuel, the indicated default values are used. As follows, the methodological choices for the determination of B y,savings and f NRB are described. Determination of B savings In paragraph 12 of AMS-II.G, two options are given to determine B y, savings. Here, the second option is chosen, with the corresponding formula: B y,savings = B y,new,survey * (η new,y / η old 1) (equation 3) Where: B y,new,survey Annual quantity of woody biomass used during the project activity in tonnes per device, determined through a survey Transition Annex Page 4 of 29

5 η old η new,y Efficiency of the system being replaced. A default value of 0.10 is used since the replaced system is a three stone fire, or a conventional system with no improved combustion air supply or flue gas ventilation system i.e. without a grate or a chimney. Efficiency of the system being deployed as part of the project activity (fraction), as determined using the Water Boiling Test (WBT) protocol without accounting for charcoal generation. For η old, a default value of 0.10 is applied, since traditionally, three stone stoves and mud stoves are used in the project area, without a grate or chimney and lacking improved combustion air supply and flue gas ventilation. η new is measured using the Water-Boiling-Test (WBT) protocol version 4. η new is a monitored parameter, and values derived from efficiency tests conducted ex-post will be used to calculate emission reductions. Charcoal generated in the TLUD will not be considered to derive η new since this charcoal will be used outside the TLUD. B y,new,survey is determined during monitoring from a representative sample of TLUD users. The annual fuelwood consumption used for the TLUD will be determined based on daily values obtained by asking users for the number of daily fuelwood loads used in the TLUD. Since the canister of the TLUD is batch-loaded with a determined quantity of fuelwood before using, it is easy to determine the amount of fuelwood used based on the number of canisters filled. Preliminary results show that B new is around 1.24 tons per year, leading to a baseline consumption of approx. 2.5 tons per household annually, This is in line with published survey data from West Bengal. Published data on baseline fuelwood consumption, only for reference, since baseline will be determined by monitoring fuelwood consumption and stove efficiency: Source Details Average fuelwood consumption Indian Institute of Forest Management (2001): Woodfuel trade in India. Bhopal, India. 1, page 62. Salim Uddin M. & Arfin Khan M (2008): Comparing the impacts of local people and Rohingya Refugees on Teknaf Game Reserve. Page 160, Box 1 Per-capita fuelwood consumption in West Bengal The study is on an area at the cost of Bangladesh, very similar to the Indian Sundarbans in terms of culture and vegetation kg per household and day, resulting in 4.67 tons per household and year 6 kg per household and day, resulting in 2.19 tons per household and year. A. II. Determination of the Share of n-renewable Biomass According to AMS II.G., par. 11, equation 6, the following equation shall be used to calculate NRB: (equation 4) where: f NRB,y: fraction of non-renewable biomass (%) NRB: non renewable biomass (tons) DRB: Demonstrably renewable biomass (tons) 1 %2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D %26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=uAQwT_- RL4rHswb5kND9DA&usg=AFQjCNEZ8QYlLoVgdMdemZbNOAnPBrTDBg&cad=rja Transition Annex Page 5 of 29

6 We directly apply this formula by using official data on fuelwood availability and demand. The specific values and sources are indicated in the table below. Item Value Unit Source Fuelwood available from trees outside forests million tonnes Table of chapter 7 of the Forest Survey of India (socioeconomic contribution of forests) Fuelwood production from million tonnes Table of the report mentioned above forests Total fuelwood million tonnes Table of the report mentioned above consumption DRB million tonnes Sum of fuelwood supply inside and outside forests NRB million tonnes Calculated as total fuelwood consumption DRB fnrb % Calculated as NRB/(NRB+DRB) = 1 ( )/ The low value of fuelwood supply from forests is due to the fact that mainly timber is harvested from forests which is not inlcuded in the calculation. Qualitative assessment of non-renewable woody biomass (NRB) The project takes place near a protected area. Within the core zone of the protected area, fuelwood collection is not possible, but outside, it is. Further below, we present qualitative evidence that firewood extraction in the buffer zone is not sustainable, according to AMS II.G., par. 10: A trend showing an increase in time spent or distance travelled for gathering fuel-wood by users (or fuel-wood suppliers) or alternatively, a trend showing an increase in the distance the fuel wood is transported to the project area: According to a scientific study 2, the average distance to collect fuelwood increased significantly within 5 years in the project area. Data from islands in the Sundarbans are reported, showing an increase from 1.59 to 2.61 km in Gosaba and from 0.37 to 6.48 km in Hingalgunj. The following table is taken from Santhakumar et al. (2005), page 35, see footnote 4. 2 Santhakumar V, Enamul Haque AK, Rabindranath Bhattacharya (2005): An economic analysis of mangroves in South Asia Transition Annex Page 6 of 29

7 Survey results, national or local statistics, studies, maps or other sources of information such as remote sensing data that show that carbon stocks are depleting in the project area: A UNESCO report on the status of the tiger reserve 3 says: Today, there may not be a significant external pressure on the WHS (World Heritage Site = core zone) but it is very high in the buffer zone, and with poverty and unemployment, it is possible that the rapid increase in population, biotic pressure may ultimately affect the WHS also. The extreme increase in population is quantified with 18.05% for South 24 Parganas and 12.86% for rth Parganas between 2001 and The West Bengal State Forest Report (page 113) 5 shows decreasing firewood production particularly for South West Bengal. While there is variation between single years, there is a clear trend over time: Years Firewood Outturn in South West Bengal State Forest Report West Bengal Transition Annex Page 7 of 29

8 ,259 m ,148 m ,556 m 3 Increasing trends in fuel wood prices indicating a scarcity of fuel-wood: Though increasing prices are reported by locals, there was no official study available on the subject. Trends in the types of cooking fuel collected by users that indicate a scarcity of woody y<biomass. quantitative evidence from official sources could be found. It is however mentioned in a study on participatory forest management in West Bengal 6 that: The rural population, who make up almost 72% of the state population, continue to depend substantially on the energy and wood from the forest. With this shortage, they use leaves, forest floor organic matter and cowdung for cooking, so depriving the soil of the natural ingredients that enrich it and thereby increase agricultural and forest productivity. AMS-II.G also gives indicators for the qualitative assessment of DRB in par. 9. For woody biomass to be deemed renewable, either condition 9.I b) or condition 9.II.b) must be fulfilled (apart from other conditions). By showing that these conditions are fulfilled, it is demonstrated that the biomass can not be deemed renewable biomass. 9.I b): I. The woody biomass is originating from land areas that are forests8 where: (b) Sustainable management practices are undertaken on these land areas to ensure, in particular, that the level of carbon stocks on these land areas does not systematically decrease over time and 9.II.b) The biomass is woody biomass and originates from non-forest areas (e.g. croplands, grasslands) where: (b) Sustainable management practices are undertaken on these land areas to ensure in particular that the level of carbon stocks on these land areas does not systematically decrease over time Several sources show that there is no sustainable management of the forested and non-forested areas of fuelwood supply: - The West Bengal Forest Report states on page 50: West Bengal is one of the few states in the country where per capita forest area is the lowest (0.01 ha.) and density of the population around fragmented forests is the highest. Evidently, there is tremendous pressure on forests. Coupled with socio-economic problems of poverty, underemployment and unemployment in the forest fringe areas, the major threat to forest comes from illicit collection of fuelwood, fodder and small timber from the forests by the villagers to sustain their livelihood. The following sources report on the specific area of the project in the buffer zone of the Sundarbans Tiger Reserve: 6 University of East Anglia (2004): Participatory Forest Management in West Bengal Transition Annex Page 8 of 29

9 - As shown in the UNESCO report cited above, there is a very high pressure on forests in the buffer zone. This shows that there are no effective sustainable management practices in place in the buffer zone. - Another report on the Tiger Reserve 7 states with reference to the buffer zone (page 5): There is tremendous pressure for firewood and small timber in the area. and The habitat shows evidence of excessive felling in the past under huge pressure mounting from the fringe villages of the Sundarbans Tiger reserve. - On the management of the reserve the same report states (page 4): Compared to the size of this protected area and the proportion of problems encountered here, logistic support in terms of staff, infrastructure facilities and funds is inadequate. These references make clear that fuelwood does not stem from sustainably managed areas. The presence of the Tiger Reserve does not improve the situation since inside the reserve, fuelwood extraction is forbidden this strict protection can therefore not be regarded as a sustainable use of natural resources but rather increases the pressure in the adjacent areas. The same sources cited under 9.I.b) apply also here, showing that no sustainable management of fuelwood sources is taking place. A. III. Leakage According to AMS-II.G. the following potential sources of leakage have to be considered: A) Use of NRB savings by non-project households According to AMS-II.G. para 13 (a) the default net to gross adjustment factor of 0.95 is applied to account for leakage and therefore surveys are not required. B) Transfer of Equipment If equipment currently being utilised is transferred from outside the boundary to the project activity, leakage is to be considered. This leakage source can be ruled out since the TLUD systems being deployed will be new stoves. B.I. Emission reductions from the renewable biomass component (AMS I.E) As mentioned, the project aims at reducing emissions by using renewable biomass in two ways: a) replacing conventional charcoal used by selected consumers such as goldsmiths and barbecue restaurants, and b) supplying TLUD users with renewable biomass from sustainable plantations, such as waste wood from mango plantations. AMS-I.E gives the following baseline formula: (equation 5) ER I.E,y = B IE, y * f NRB * NCV biomass * EF projected_fossilfuel 7 Ministry of Environment and Forests (2001): Sunderbans Tiger Reserve: urce=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0ccmqfjaa&url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in%2ffiles%2fsundarb ans%2520tiger%2520reserve.doc&ei=lrtbukgaictisgabxicacg&usg=afqjcnemrbsxod7d-w1any6uwnthtrvqqg Transition Annex Page 9 of 29

10 Where: ER I.E, B IE,Y f NRB II.G NCV biomass, EF projected_fossilfuel Emission reductions from the charcoal replacement component in year y in tons Quantity of woody biomass saved by the use of renewable charcoal produced in the TLUD in tons and by the use of renewable biomass in the TLUD. Fraction of non-renewable biomass, determined as described for the AMScomponent Net calorific value of the non-renewable woody biomass that is substituted (IPCC default for wood fuel, TJ/tonne) Emission factor for the substitution of non-renewable woody biomass by similar consumers. A default value of 81.6 tco2/tj is given in AMS-II.G. B IE,Y will be calculated for the two different components, as two as: (equation 6) B IE,y = B charcoal,y + B plantation,y Where: B charcoal,y B plantation,y Quantity of woody biomass saved by the use of renewable charcoal produced in the TLUD in other applications Quantity of woody biomass saved by burning renewable biomass in the TLUD in tons B.II. Charcoal component Charcoal that is generated during the combustion of fuelwood in the TLUD stove can be deemed renewable waste biomass. The WBT normally includes the consideration of remaining charcoal as unburned wood to determine a stove's efficiency, by multiplying its quantity with the ratio of its heating value in comparison to the heating value of the fuelwood and then discounting it from the quantity of fuelwood used. This is plausible since normally, remaining charcoal is burnt in subsequent cooking sessions. In the case of the TLUD however, remaining charcoal is collected by the users to be burnt elsewhere; the TLUD is thereby not only an efficient stove but also a charcoal production unit. Since the generated charcoal will not be considered in the WBT when evaluating the TLUD s efficiency ( new), the remaining charcoal can be deemed a waste product, or renewable biomass, according to EB 23 annex 18. In the project area, it is not common to use charcoal for cooking. Most TLUD users will therefore sell the generated charcoal to users of conventional charcoal, such as barbecue restaurants or gold smiths. The replacement of conventional charcoal will reduce emissions from fuelwood required to produce conventional charcoal. The project will offer to the users to buy back the produced charcoal from them and resell it to users of conventional charcoal; initial experiences show that users of conventional charcoal also directly approach TLUD users to buy there charcoal. Some users will probably also use charcoal on their own, for example for frying or baking bread. Where charcoal is used by TLUD users themselves, emissions reductions will be determined by directly comparing with the amount of fuelwood replaced by charcoal, according to a comparison of heating values, i.e., not considering fuelwood consumed for conventional charcoal production. The corresponding formula therefore can be written as: (equation 7) Transition Annex Page 10 of 29

11 Where: B charcoal,y = (B y,new,survey * N y,i * share charcoal,y ) * { sell charcoaluse,y * convers fuelwood-char + (1 - sell charcoaluse,y ) * NCV charcoal / NCV fuelwood } B y,new,survey N y,i share charcoal,y sell charcoaluse,y convers fuelwood-char Annual quantity of woody biomass used during the project activity per device in tonnes Number of project devices of type i operating in year y Conservatively estimated average weight percentage of fuelwood converted to charcoal in the TLUD Percentage of TLUD users who sell charcoal to buyers replacing conventional charcoal in different appliances Conversion factor fuelwood-conventional charcoal (6, IPCC Guidelines) NCV charcoal / NCV fuelwood Value fixed as 1.85 AMS-I.E gives three options to determine B Y Here option 6 a) is chosen: B charcoal,y is calculated by the number of appliances multiplied by the estimate of average annual consumption of woody biomass per appliance. Appliances here refers to facilities where charcoal from the TLUD is combusted instead of conventional charcoal, e.g. barbecues in restaurants or ovens of goldsmiths. Since there will be relatively few appliances of different sizes, monitoring will not be based on average consumption, but on total amount of TLUD charcoal replacing conventional charcoal in the different appliances, which will be quantified by monitoring the total production of charcoal in TLUDs under the project in combination with monitoring of its use in different appliances. Documentation of the project's charcoal collection chain will deliver important data for monitoring. For the production of 1 kg of conventional charcoal, 6 kg of dry oven wood is required (AMS-II.G par. 14, reference to IPCC Guidelines 8 ). If assuming moisture content, this factor would be 10-15% higher which is not considered here for conservativeness. This estimate is also conservative because methane generation in conventional charcoal production is not accounted for and kilning methods for charcoal making are a strong emitter of polluting gases (mainly unburnt methane and other carbon compounds) 9. Reumerman and Frederiks (2002) also mention in their study that greenhouse gas emissions released from charcoal production could be substantial on the global level 10. B. III. Component on renewable biomass use in TLUDs The maximum amount of possible additional ER under this component corresponds to the amount of conventional fuelwood still used by TLUD users in the TLUD. The project will try to supply a large number of TLUD users with renewable biomass such as fuelwood from sustainable Mango plantations, however it is probable that only a certain share of TLUD users can be reached. Therefore, fuelwood savings by the use of renewable biomass will be calculated by: FAO Industrial Charcoal Production. Development of a Sustainable Charcoal Industry. Zagrab, Croatia. 10 Reumerman, Patrick, J., and Bart Frederiks Kilning Methods for Charcoal Making Are a Strong Emitter of Polluting Gases (mainly Unburnt Methane and Other Carbon Compounds). In Amsterdam,. & publications/charcoal Production with Reduced Emissions (paper).pdf Transition Annex Page 11 of 29

12 (equation 8) B plantation,y = B y,new,survey * N y,i * plantation y plantation y Percentage of TLUD users who burn renewable biomass in their TLUD stoves Again, option 6 a) from AMS-I.E is chosen to determine B plantation,y, calculating it by the estimate of average annual consumption of woody biomass per TLUD multiplied with the number of appliances burning renewable biomass, the latter obtained from the total number of TLUD users and the percentage of renewable biomass users amongst them. The value of plantation y will be determined conservatively during monitoring, choosing the lower value of a) the percentage of TLUD users receiving renewable biomass by the project and b) the percentage of TLUD users that receive renewable biomass according to the project's documentation of renewable biomass purchases and sales (see section C.1). B.IV. Qualitative assessment of demonstrably renewable woody biomass (DRB) AMS-II.G gives criteria for DRB that will be assessed for both charcoal produced in the TLUD and renewable fuelwood that may be partially provided to TLUD users by the project. According to AMS-II.G, ver. 5, par , woody biomass is renewable if the following conditions is satisfied: (a) The woody biomass originates from land areas that are forests where: (i) The land area remains a forest; Renewable firewood: During monitoring, evidence will be provided that e.g. Mango plantations are stable forest, e.g. by providing written declarations of the owners of these plantations, showing that plantations are managed on the long term, keeping it as a forest. Charcoal: Charcoal generated in the TLUD is a waste product, produced from fuelwood that is burnt in the TLUD anyways. Its production does therefore not influence forests. (ii) Sustainable management practices are undertaken on these land areas to ensure, in particular, that the level of carbon stocks on these land areas does not systematically decrease over time (carbon stocks may temporarily decrease due to harvesting); Renewable firewood: During monitoring, evidence will be provided that e.g. Mango plantations are managed according to sustainability criteria, showing e.g. that only branches obtained from pruning are used a fuelwood, while the long-term carbon stock is not reduced. Charcoal: Charcoal generated in the TLUD is a waste product, produced from fuelwood that is burnt in the TLUD anyways. Its production does therefore not influence carbon stocks in forests. (iii) Any national or regional forestry and nature conservation regulations are complied with; It will be shown that plantations (e.g. mango plantations) are managed in compliance with national regulations. Charcoal: Charcoal generated in the TLUD is a waste product, produced from fuelwood that is burnt in the TLUD anyways. Its use is therefore clearly in line with any forest and nature conservation regulation. In cases where fuelwood originates from non-forest areas (case b), the same arguments apply for charcoal, i.e. there will be no changes in the vegetation or the carbon stocks and no breach of forestry and nature conservation regulations, since charcoal generated in the TLUD is a waste product, produced from fuelwood that is burnt in the TLUD anyways Transition Annex Page 12 of 29

13 A.3 Data and parameters fixed ex ante for monitoring contribution to each of the three SDGs (Include a compilation of information on the data and parameters that are not monitored during the crediting period but are determined before the design certification and remain fixed throughout the crediting period like IPCC defaults and other methodology defaults. Copy this table for each piece of data and parameter.) Relevant SDG Indicator 13.2 Data/parameter η old Unit % Description Source of data Value(s) applied 0.10 Choice of data or Measurement methods Purpose of data Additional comment Efficiency of the baseline system being replaced AMS II G, version 5 default value According to AMS II.G., v3 a default value of 0.10 can be used if the replaced system is the three stone fire or a conventional system lacking improved combustion air supply mechanism and flue gas ventilation system i.e., without a grate as well as a chimney. Calculation of baseline emissions Relevant SDG Indicator 13.2 Data/parameter Unit Description Source of data NCVbiomass TJ/t Value(s) applied Choice of data or Measurement methods Purpose of data Additional comment Net calorific value of the non-renewable woody biomass that is substituted AMS II G, version 5, default value This is the IPCC default value for wood fuel as provided by AMS II.G version 5, 11 Calculation of baseline emissions Relevant SDG Indicator 13.2 Data/parameter Unit Description Source of data EF projected_fossilfuel tco2/tj Value(s) applied 81.6 Choice of data or Measurement methods Purpose of data Additional comment Emission factor for the substitution of non-renewable biomass by similar consumers AMS II G., version 5 default value for fossil fuel substitution Default value as provided by AMS II.G version 5, 11 Calculation of baseline emissions Transition Annex Page 13 of 29

14 Relevant SDG Indicator 13.2 Data/parameter Unit % Description Source of data ƒnrb, y Fraction of woody biomass saved by the project activity in period y that can be established as non-renewable biomass Calculated Value(s) applied Choice of data or Measurement methods Purpose of data Additional comment See A.2 Calculation of baseline emissions Relevant SDG Indicator 13.2 Data/parameter Unit Description Source of data L y Fraction Value(s) applied 0.95 Choice of data or Measurement methods Purpose of data Additional comment Leakage adjustment factor period y Default value According to AMS II G: Para 13 and Para 23, B old can be multiplied by a net to gross adjustment factor 0.95 to account for leakage in which case surveys are not required. Calculation of baseline emissions Relevant SDG Indicator 13.2 Data/parameter Unit Description convers fuelwood-char number Source of data AMS-II.G, par 14 Value(s) applied 6 Choice of data or Measurement methods Purpose of data Additional comment Conversion factor fuelwood-conventional charcoal Default value according to AMS-II.G, par 14 Calculation of baseline emissions Relevant SDG Indicator 13.2 Data/parameter NCV charcoal / NCV firewood Unit Fraction Description Ratio of net calorific values for charcoal and fulewood Transition Annex Page 14 of 29

15 Source of data Data provided in the WBT test sheet, version 4 Value(s) applied 1.85 Choice of data or Measurement methods Purpose of data Additional comment The default NCV for charcoal is 29,500 kj/kg, accroding to the WBT vers. 4 spreadsheet and IPCC 2006, Volume 2, Table 1.2 If inserting the value for average hardwood in the WBT vers. evaluation spreadsheet, with the conditions of the preliminary WBT attached, the resulting NCV is 15,271 kj/kg; NCV charcoal / NCV firewood would then be This is rounded down to 1.85, corresponding to a conservative discount factor of 95.6%. Calculation of baseline emissions Data from the preliminary WBT where mango wood was used (the most common fuelwood among TLUD users in the area), show a result of 1.951, clearly above the defined value of 1.85 for NCV charcoal / NCV firewood. SECTION B Safeguarding Principles Assessment B.1 Analysis of social, economic and environmental impacts >> (Refer the GS4GG Safeguarding Principles and Requirements document for detailed guidance on carrying out this assessment. The assessment of following Safeguarding Principles Assessment is required to be carried out by GS Version 2.0, 2.1 and 2.2 projects. GS v1.0 projects will carry out assessment of all the safeguarding principles discussed in the GS4GG Safeguarding Principles and Requirements document.) Safeguarding principles 3.2 Gender Equality and Women s Rights 3.2 Gender Equality and Women s Rights Assessment questions Is there a possibility that the Project might reduce or put at risk women s access to or control of resources, entitlements and benefits? Is there a possibility that the Project can adversely affect men and women in marginalised or vulnerable communities (e.g., potential increased burden on women or Assessment Justification of relevance to the project (Yes/ potentially/ no) Social & Economic Safeguarding Principles The project will employ women mainly in the stove assemply in the factory. Women will have full access to project resources, entitlements and benefits. Women and men will have equal access opportunities to the new stove sets. Among the project s main goals is decreasing women s burden of time spent on wood collection and cooking by reducing fuel wood consumption. Women will save time which they can utilize for other activities. Women and men will save economic Mitigation measure (if required) t t Transition Annex Page 15 of 29

16 social isolation of men)? resources since families expenditure on fuel wood will decrease. Further, the risk of exposure to gender-based violence will reduce due to the reduction in fuel wood gathering time and distances travelled. The additional income for households through the charcoal selling may also lead to am attenuation of social differences. The project distributes efficient cookstoves, which are designed to use less firewood than the traditional stoves. Therefore, the stove saves womens time for fuelwood collection and for cooking and frees time for other tasks or undertakings. All users, especially women are given the opportunuity to comment on e.g. the stove design through after sales service, independently of educational level etc. Both women and men in the project households are encouraged to make use of the project technology and to take part in the training given. The project aims to improve the livelihood of the entire community. Discrimination of minority groups or landless people are not tolerated. Stoves are distributed to a subsidiced price, to reach sa many people as possible with the project technology. Among the project s main goals is decreasing women s burden of time spent on wood collection and cooking by reducing fuel wood consumption. Women will save 3.2 Gender Equality and Women s Rights Is there a possibility that the Project might not take into account gender roles and the abilities of women or men to participate in the decisions/designs of the project s activities (such as lack of time, child care duties, low literacy or educational levels, or societal discrimination)? Does the Project take into account gender roles and the abilities of women or men to benefit from the Project s activities (e.g., Does the project criteria ensure that it includes minority groups or landless peoples)? 3.2 Gender Equality and Women s Rights t 3.2 Gender Equality and Women s Rights Does the Project design contribute to an increase in women s workload that adds to their care responsibilities or that t Transition Annex Page 16 of 29

17 prevents them from engaging in other activities? Would the Project potentially reproduce or further deepen discrimination against women based on gender, for instance, regarding their full participation in design and implementation or access to opportunities and benefits? time which they can utilize for other activities. 3.2 Gender Equality and Women s Rights The project will involve women in the project activities by providing training on the implementation of the project (stoves assembly) and women are empowered economically through the created job opportunities. Women and youths will be the main beneficiaries of the project. The project will therefore reduce the discrimination and exclusion of women in economic activities Among the project s main goals is decreasing women s burden of time spent on wood collection and cooking by reducing fuel wood consumption. Forest recources will thus be protected, especially by women. Additionally the charcoal sold by the households will substitute convention charcoal and thus protect even more forest recources and the corresponding environmental services. Through the project activity, the risk of exposure to genderbased violence will reduce due to the reduction in fuel wood gathering time and distances travelled. The project does not need or lead to resettlement, it is not related to land issues in any way. Participation of beneficiaries is voluntary. modification in the cooking practice or kitchen structure is required, and no construction is involved. There will be no influence on cultural heritage. 3.2 Gender Equality and Women s Rights Would the Project potentially limit women s ability to use, develop and protect natural resources, taking into account different roles and priorities of women and men in accessing and managing environmental goods and services? t 3.2 Gender Equality and Women s Rights Is there likelihood that the proposed Project would expose women and girls to further risks or hazards? t Cultural Heritage, Indigenous Peoples, Displacement and Resettlement Does the Project require any change to land tenure arrangements and/or other rights? t Transition Annex Page 17 of 29

18 Land Tenure and Other rights Cultural Heritage, Indigenous Peoples, Displacement and Resettlement Land tenure and Other rights Economic Impacts Negative economic consequences For Projects involving land-use tenure, are there any uncertainties with regards land tenure, access rights, usage rights or land ownership? Is the implemented Project financially sustainable. t, see above. t The project is financially viable and component activities have been successfully implemented. The additional component activities will be implemented under the same economic model. The project s financial sustainability is ensured through the sale of cook stoves and the generation and sales of carbon credits. Those income streams are used for implementing the project. Revenues will be used to finance the technology costs and implementation costs. t Economic Impacts Negative economic consequences Are there economic impacts and risks to the local economy and how have these been taken into account in Project design, implementation, operation and after the Project? Particular focus shall be given to vulnerable and marginalised social 12 groups in targeted communities and that benefits are socially- risks are foreseen for the local economy through the realisation of the project. t Transition Annex Page 18 of 29

19 4.1.1 Climate and Energy Emissions Climate and Energy Energy Supply Water Impact on Natural Water Pattern/Flows Water Erosion and/or Water Body Instability inclusive and sustainable. Environmental & Ecological Safeguarding Principles Will the Project increase greenhouse gas emissions over the Baseline Scenario? Will the Project use energy from a local grid or power supply (i.e., not connected to a national or regional grid) or fuel resource (such as wood, biomass) that provides for other local users? Will the Project affect the natural or preexisting pattern of watercourses, groundwater and/or the watershed(s) such as high seasonal flow variability, flooding potential, lack of aquatic connectivity or water scarcity? 1-4) Could the Project directly or indirectly cause additional erosion and/or water body instability or disrupt the natural pattern of erosion? Water 6) Is the Project's area of influence The project does not lead to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions above the baseline emissions. The efficient cook stoves will reduce the release of CO2 emissions compared to the traditional three stone fires. The project does not use energy from the local grid or power supply that is also being used by other users; hence it does not affect the availability and reliability of energy supply to other users. The project will not have any impact on the water resources in the region. Thus natural or pre-existing patterns of watercourses, ground-water and watersheds will not be affected. Since forested areas will be protected due to the removal of pressure due to fuelwood collection the water protecting effect of forests will be conserved. water usage is required nor will there be waste water in the project implementation. By reducing fuelwood consumption and the pressure on the forest resources, the project can contribute to the preservation of the forest cover and hence protect against soil erosion (see e.g. d15/lc/gtz_hem.pdf). The projects area includes the Sundarbans, a part of the t. t t t t Transition Annex Page 19 of 29

20 Erosion and/or Water Body Instability susceptible to excessive erosion and/or water body instability? world s largest Mangrove Forest. The area is in the delta of the Ganges River and the Bay of Bengal. However, since the project is reducing fuelwood consumption and the pressure on the forest, there will not be a negative influende on erosion and/or water body stability. The project does not use any land for production of crops or other products Environment, ecology and land use Does the Project involve the use of land and soil for production of crops or other products? t Landscape, Modification and Soil Environment, ecology and land use Vulnerability to Natural Disaster Will the Project be susceptible to or lead to increased vulnerability to wind, earthquakes, subsidence, landslides, erosion, flooding, drought or other extreme climatic conditions? The project will not lead to any land use changes and has no impact on the land within the project area. Therefore vulnerability to natural or manmade hazards is not expected as a result of the project implementation. However, since the project is reducing fuelwood consumption and the pressure on the forest, there will not be a negative influende on erosion and/or water body stability. The Project will conserve the forests natural protection against flooding erosion and landslides. The project focuses on the distribution of improved cook stoves and does not involve any use of GMO, therefore this question is not relevant for this project. t Environment, ecology and land use Genetic Resources Could the Project be negatively impacted by the use of genetically modified organisms or GMOs (e.g., contamination, collection and/or harvesting, commercial development)? t Transition Annex Page 20 of 29

21 4.3.4 Environment, ecology and land use Could the Project potentially result in the release of pollutants to the environment? There is no kind of release of pollutants into any kind of water or other environment linked to the implementation of the project. t Release of pollutants Environment, ecology and land use Hazardous and non-hazardous waste Will the Project involve the manufacture, trade, release, and/ or use of hazardous and nonhazardous chemicals and/or materials? The project will not involve the usage of hazardous chemicals and materials. t Environment, ecology and land use Will the Project involve the application of pesticides and/or fertilisers? The project does not involve the application of pesticides and fertiliser. t Pesticide and Fertiliser Environment, ecology and land use Will the Project involve the harvesting of forests? The project will reduce fuel wood demand and the harvest rate of forests. Therefor the project has a positive impact on the forest cover. t Harvesting of forests Environment, ecology and land use Food Does the Project modify the quantity or nutritional quality of food available such as through crop regime alteration or export or economic incentives? Neither will the project impact the growing of food nor the nutritional quality of the food. The project is not related to food production or food supply in any way and thus doesn t have any influence on the mentioned factors. t Environment, ecology and land use Will the Project involve animal husbandry? The project does not involve animal husbandry. t Animal husbandry Transition Annex Page 21 of 29

22 SECTION C Monitoring plan C.1 Data and parameters to be monitored (Include specific information on how the data and parameters that need to be monitored in the selected methodology(ies) or proposed approaches or as per mitigation measures from safeguarding principles assessment or as per feedback from stakeholder consultations would actually be collected during monitoring. Copy this table for each piece of data and parameter.) Relevant SDG Indicator/Safeguarding Principle Data / Parameter Unit Description Source of data Value(s) applied Measurement methods SDG Indicator 13.2 B new,survey,y tons/a Average amount of fuelwood consumed in a TLUD stove in monitoring period y Primary data collection: dedicated monitoring team (Spot Checks) For ex-ante calculations: 1.24 tons annually per TLUD stove, based on 2.5 daily loads of 1,355 grams each. A representative sample of users will be asked for the average number of daily loads of fuelwood burnt in their TLUD stove. Additionally, the average weight of a TLUD fuelwood load will be determined by applying the average value obtained over all WBTs that are conducted to determine new. Most probably, the data from these WBTs will be sufficient to achieve 90/10 precision. If additional data are needed, they can be obtained by asking users to start a normal cooking session and determining the weight of the filling. Monitoring frequency QA/QC procedures Purpose of data Additional comment Where TLUD stoves are found not to be operational during monitoring, they will be counted towards the calculation of B new,survey,y with a value of "0". annual It will be assured that the number of samples used to determine the number of average fillings and also the weight of an average filling is sufficient to meet 90/10 precision. Most probably, all data will be taken from the WBTs Cross checks will be performed to confirm the plausibility of data obtained with cooking habits and the amount of charcoal collected produced. Calculation of baseline emissions Preliminary results on charcoal collection are in line with the preliminary value: In average, users generate 260 kg of charcoal per year. Assuming a value of 20% for Share charcoal,y reveals a fuelwood consumption of 1.3 tons per TLUD and year. Relevant SDG SDG Indicator 13.2 Indicator/Safeguarding Principle Data / Parameter new Unit % Description Adjusted average efficiency of the TLUDs being deployed, calculated without accounting for the remaining charcoal Transition Annex Page 22 of 29

23 Source of data Primary data collection during monitoring campaigns by dedicated monitoring team; preliminary value based on preliminary WBT Value(s) applied Monitored, assumption for Ex-Ante Emission Calculation: 20% Measurement methods Monitoring frequency QA/QC procedures Purpose of data Additional comment The TLUD ICS is an industrial product with constant quality, made of high quality material and a lifetime of at least 7 years. To confirm the quality, the efficiency of the TLUD stove will be tested following the Water Boiling Test (WBT) protocol version 4, performed by a dedicated monitoring team. All WBTs will be conducted under field conditions; users will be asked to fill the TLUD in the same day as they do in their daily routine. Several WBTs will be conducted on randomly selected TLUDs; the sample size of TLUDs testes will be large enough to meet 90/10 precision. The minimum number of WBTs to be conducted will be nine. A single test run will be conducted for each TLUD tested. Due to the external use of charcoal, the WBT results will be evaluated without accounting for remaining charcoal. annual Data will be collected using the standard procedures and will be stored for the crediting period and an additional two years. A traceable identity check of the appliances tested will be performed and recorded (e.g. a picture of the appliance clearly showing its serial no., etc.). Claculation of baseline emissions Relevant SDG SDG Indicator 13.2 and Indicator 7.1 Indicator/Safeguarding Principle Data / Parameter N y Unit Number Description Adjusted total number of efficient cook stoves deployed until period y. The adjustment is necessary to account for the fact that each ICS starts saving CO 2 as soon as it is sold Source of data Sales Record Database, including all ICS users; also copies of sales contracts showing the user's agreement on the transfer of ownership of carbon credits, for all users. Value(s) applied 3000 Measurement methods For all ICSs that have been sold within the monitoring period, only the number of days between the sales date and the end of the monitoring period will be considered for N y. Therefore, N y will be adjusted by applying the following formula: N y = ( daystotal i,y / mplength y) i=0 Monitoring frequency QA/QC procedures Purpose of data Where: I y total number of ICSs sold until the end of period y daystotal i,y sum of days appliance i was operational in monitoring period y annual Data and contracts will be collected using the standard procedures and will be kept for two years after the end of the crediting period or the last issuance of carbon credits for this project activity, whichever occurs later. Claculation of baseline emissions Transition Annex Page 23 of 29