Framework for Assessing Legality of Forestry Operations, Timber Processing and Trade Annex THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. December 2012

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1 Framework for Assessing Legality of Forestry Operations, Timber Processing and Trade Annex THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION December

2 Disclaimer The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WWF, TRAFFIC or its supporting organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views of the authors expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the TRAFFIC network, WWF or IUCN. The TRAFFIC symbol copyright and Registered Trademark ownership is held by WWF. TRAFFIC, a strategic alliance of WWF and IUCN, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, is the world s leading wildlife trade monitoring organization and works to ensure that trade in wild plants and animals is not a threat to the conservation of nature. GFTN is WWF s initiative to eliminate illegal logging and transform the global marketplace into a force for saving the world s valuable and threatened rainforests. Acknowledgements This publication is produced by TRAFFIC and WWF s Global Forest & Trade Network. The successful handling of this report was possible with the support of several experts and colleagues that we acknowledge with gratitude for their dedication, including: Anatoly Kuritzyn ("Lesexpert" Consulting Company), Nikolay Shmatkov (WWF Russia), Elena Kopylova (WWF Russia), Julia Dolinina (WWF Russia) and Thomas Osborn (TRAFFIC). The overall co-ordination of the study was provided by Chen Hin Keong, TRAFFIC. We are also indebted to the organizations that contributed to funding this project and conducting the study in The Russian Federation, namely the World Resources Institute (WRI) and WWF-USA TRAFFIC WWF. GFTN, WWF, and Panda are WWF Registered Trademarks. Published December 2012 by WWF World Wide Fund For Nature (also known as World Wildlife Fund). Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must mention the title and credit the above-mentioned publisher as the copyright owner WWF International. All rights reserved. 2

3 Framework for Assessing Legality of Forestry Operations, Timber Processing and Trade - Principles, Criteria and Indicators for The Russian Federation Indicator Guidance note/verifier PRINCIPLE 1: Criterion 1.1: ACCESS, USE RIGHTS AND TENURE The company is legally registered with the relevant administrative authorities Indicator 1.1.1: Registration with the economic, social and forest authorities Verify that documentation held by the company includes: A certificate on official registration of a legal entity or official registration of an individual as a business person issued by a municipal Registration Chamber (Center) or by the Federal Tax Service A certificate on official registration as a tax payer issued by the Federal Tax Service Documentary evidence of contributions to the Retirement Fund, Social Security Fund and Medical Insurance Fund Federal Law No. 129-FZ оf (revised version of ) Tax Code (Federal Law No. 146-FZ of (revised version of )) Federal Law No. 212-FZ of (revised version of ) Criterion 1.2: Use, access and tenure rights applications are subject to stated pre-conditions within the laws and regulations Indicator 1.2.1: All steps required to obtain the legal right to use forest resources have been respected within the set time limits provided for in the laws and regulations of the country Confirm, where appropriate, existence of the following documents covering the licence issuing process: A forest area rent agreement or a forest area sale agreement Check the date when trees were logged. A forest area sale agreement sets specific timeframe for logging. The logging has to be accomplished within this timeframe. Check the purchased timber volume against typical forest productivity for a rented area. The amount of timber sold cannot exceed normal forest productivity within the rented forest area or a sold forest stand. Forest Code (2006) 3

4 Indicator 1.2.2: Indicator 1.2.3: The company has paid all the costs pertaining to each step of the process of obtaining legal rights to use forest resources The company has legal ownership rights for purchased timber Order of the Federal Forestry Agency No. 319 of (revised version of ) Order of the Federal Forestry Agency No. 318 of (revised version of ) Confirm existence of the following documents as proof of payment: Valid payment orders Forest Code (2006) Guidance of the Central Bank No. 978-y of When timber is purchased from a middleman, and not directly from a logging company, confirm existence of the following document: Supply agreement Civil Code, Articles (Federal Law No. 14-FZ of ) Criterion 1.3: Clear evidence of forest and/or land use, access and tenure rights shall be demonstrated in accordance with laws and regulations Indicator 1.3.1: The company follows annual harvesting procedures Verify that the company holds: The Forest Declaration Valid annual / monthly payment orders for use of forest resources Forest Code (2006) Order of the Federal Forestry Agency No. 18 of PRINCIPLE 2: Criterion 2.1: Indicator 2.1.1: HARVESTING REGULATIONS Forest Management Plan in accordance with the government policies, guidelines and regulatory requirements, approved by relevant authority The forest management plan (Forest Development Project) is developed and approved by authorised authorities to prove that protected areas, water protection zones (when applicable) are excluded from Confirm existence of the following validated documents: Forest Development Project approved by municipal or federal official expertise provided by "Glavgosekspertiza" the authorized government agency - or by regional authorities 4

5 logging, and rules on logging on steep slopes, environment, conservation, sizes and position of logging coupes and inventory requirements, are observed Indicator 2.1.2: The company follows approved rules for building forest roads Note that the Russian law does not recognize old growth forests, forests with Indigenous values, traditional areas for hunting and NTFP harvesting and all other types of High Conservation Value Forests. Conservation of these forests is possible only through voluntary obligations by companies that are validated and controlled by FSC. Forest Code (2006) Order of the Federal Forestry Agency No. 69 of Order of the Federal Forestry Agency No. 545 of Federal Law No. 33-FZ of (revised version of ) Forest roads, bridges and other objects of forest infrastructure, built by the company, have to be compliant with official guidelines and requirements, and reflected in the Forest Development Project. Rules for use of Forests for Building, Reconstruction and Maintenance of Linear Infrastructure Objects, approved by the Order of the Federal Forestry Agency # 223 of Criterion 2.2: Indicator 2.2.1: Harvesting/timber licence with stated conditions is in accordance with the government policies, guidelines and regulatory requirements, approved by the relevant authority The company reports on its use of forest resources to forest management authorities Confirm existence of the following documents: Forest Declaration on the Company s annual plans for the use of forests resources Report on Forest Use on actual use of forest resources by the company (provided quarterly) Check the date when trees were logged. A Forest Declaration and a quarterly Report on Forest Use set specific timeframes for logging. Logging must be completed within this timeframe. Check actual purchased timber volume against that reported in the Forest Declaration and the Report on Forest Use. Forest Code (2006) Order of the Federal Forestry Agency No. 18 of

6 Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources No. 175 of Criterion 2.3: The company implements harvest operations in accordance with the legally prescribed silvicultural system and relevant regulations Indicator 2.3.1: The company implements harvest operations in accordance with the legally prescribed silvicultural system Confirm that the company holds a clear and valid Technological Logging Map developed in full compliance with the Timber Harvesting Rules, the Forestry Regulation of a forest management unit and the Forest Development Project Check if the company has a valid Act on Felling Sites Survey Results approved by authorised officials of the forest management unit to confirm that the information in the Technological Logging Map is true and accurate. This is particularly important for valuable tree species, including Siberian pine, oak, linden, ash, maple and elm. The Technological Logging Map is the key document which helps to verify timber origin, species composition, and legality of logging of any species for which logging may be restricted by federal legislation. However, these maps are usually produced in the field and therefore are of poor quality. Due to potentially high levels of corruption it is highly recommended to check the validity of information provided in the Technological Logging Map and Act on Felling Sites Survey Results through field visits. Elements to check include, particularly: - if actual boundaries of logging sites correspond with those declared; - if actual density of the stand, species and age composition remaining after felling correspond with those declared. Forest Code (2006) Timber Harvesting Rules (Articles 53, and the Annex 3) approved by the Order of the Federal Forestry Agency No. 337 of Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources No. 175 of

7 Indicator 2.3.2: Timber species harvested are authorized by the official forestry plans Verify that tree harvest selection complies with the list of protected timber species, which includes: List of Tree and Shrub Species for which Timber Harvesting is not Allowed Regional Red Data Books (specific for each region oblast, krai, republic - of the Russian Federation) Red Data Book of the Russian Federation CITES (for Korean pine Pinus koraiensis) Harvesting (and trade) of species included in the lists mentioned above is prohibited. Only dead trees can be harvested. Harvesting (and trade) of Korean pine (CITES Annex III) is allowed only through special permission issued by the Federal Supervisory Natural Resources Management Service of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. Logging of Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica) is not permitted when the stand includes a density of 30% or more of these pine trees. Order of the Government No. 158 of Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources No. 323 of List of Tree and Shrub Species for which Timber Harvesting is not Allowed approved by the Federal Forestry Agency Order No. 513 of Timber Harvesting Rules approved by the Order of the Federal Forestry Agency No. 337 of The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Annex III of Regulation of the Federal Supervisory Natural Resources Management Service of Order of the Government "On Ensuring Fulfillment of Responsibilities of the Russian Federation in CITES Convention" No. 337 of PRINCIPLE 3: Criterion 3.1: TRANSPORTATION OF LOGS AND WOOD PRODUCTS Clear evidence of documents and licences for companies and carriers involved in timber products transportation shall be demonstrated in accordance with the laws and regulations. Indicator 3.1.1: Lorries and other vehicles transporting forest products have a valid registration licence and number, and the vehicle is in the proper technical condition Verify the legality of registration numbers (check the Certificate on Registration of the Vehicle), and technical cards which prove that a vehicle was checked by an authorized technical center. 7

8 "On the Order on Registration of Means of Transport", the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No of (revised version of ) "On State Registration Numbers of Means of Transport" No. 282 of "On Technical Appraisal of Means of Transport" Federal Law No. 170-FZ of (revised version of with amendments of ) Criterion 3.2: Indicator 3.2.1: Clear evidence of documents and corresponding markings of timber products for transport shall be demonstrated by companies and carriers in accordance with the laws and regulations The company has valid transportation documents for timber Confirm existence of the following validated documents: Transportation Bill Specification (which includes information on species, timber quality, quantity of logs, size of logs, volume) Rail Transportation Bill International Transportation Way-Bill (CMR) PRINCIPLE 4: Criterion 4.1: PROCESSING REGULATIONS Automobile Transportation Rules approved by the Order of the Government No. 272 of (revised version of ) Regulation on Automobile Transportation and City Electric Transportation (Federal Law No. 259-FZ of ), Article 2 Order of the Ministry of Railways No. 39 of (revised version of ) Convention on the Contract for the International carriage of Goods by Road of Clear evidence of documents and licences for companies involved in timber processing shall be demonstrated in accordance with the laws and regulations No specific documents and licences for companies involved in timber processing are identified by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Currently the Ministry of natural Resources and Environment proposed to the State Duma (the Parliament) a new draft law "On Round Timber Trade" which sets specific requirements on obligatory registration of any deals with round timber. However, the future of this draft law is still unclear. 8

9 Criterion 4.2: Indicator 4.2.1: Timber processing companies are subject to stated conditions within the laws and regulations Registration with the economic, social and forest authorities Verify that documentation held by the company includes: A certificate on official registration of a legal entity or official registration of an individual as a business person issued by a municipal Registration Chamber (Center) or by the Federal Tax Service A certificate on official registration as a tax payer issued by the Federal Tax Service Documentary evidence of contributions to the Retirement Fund, Social Security Fund and Medical Insurance Fund Federal Law No. 129-FZ оf (revised version of ) Tax Code (Federal Law No. 146-FZ of (revised version of ) Federal Law No. 212-FZ of (revised version of ) 9

10 PRINCIPLE 5: Criterion 5.1: Indicator 5.1.1: Criterion 5.2: Indicator 5.2.1: IMPORT AND EXPORT REGULATIONS Clear evidence of licence/permit of company involved in import and export shall be demonstrated in accordance with the laws and regulations The company holds an export licence for certain valuable broadleaf species Verify that the company has a valid license issued by the Ministry of Industry and Trade for export of valuable timber: oak, ash and beech Order of the Government No. 18 of (revised version of ) Administrative Regulation of the Ministry of Industry and Trade approved by the Order of the Ministry No. 135 of Clear evidence of official documents of timber products for import and export shall be demonstrated by companies and carriers in accordance with the laws and regulations The company possess all required documents for the export of timber products according to official regulations Verify that the company has the valid Phytosanitary Certificate issued by the Federal Agency for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance. This document is valuable for two reasons: 1) it proves that timber has been checked for invasive pests and 2) it is the only document that provides the scientific name of a tree species please check if the name goes down to species, does not refer only to genus. Indicator 5.2.2: The company possesses all required documents for the import of timber products according to official regulations Verify if the company has a licence on softwood timber traded at reduced export tariffs and the Customs Declaration which should contain information on the exported goods, their cost, means of transport, a freight sender and a receiver. Order of the Ministry of Agriculture No. 163 of (revised version of ) Order of the Government No. 779 of (revised version of ) Decision of the Customs Union Commission No. 257 of (revised version of ) Verify that the company has a valid Customs Declaration which should contain information on the exported goods, their cost, means of transport, a freight sender and a receiver. Note that according to Russian legislation it is not required to check CITES permissions when timber is imported into Russia. 10

11 Decision of the Customs Union Commission No. 257 of (revised version of ) Criterion 5.3: Indicator 5.3.1: Timber products import and export companies are subject to stated conditions within the laws and regulations All species exported are authorised by the appropriate agency under existing regulations Verify that species exported comply with the requirements of: CITES Regional and federal Red Data Books List of Tree and Shrub Species for which Timber Harvesting is not Allowed, approved by the Ministry of Agriculture Authorised species listed in the Forest Management Plan See Indicator PRINCIPLE 6: Criterion 6.1: Indicator 6.1.1: PRINCIPLE 7: Criterion 7.1: ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS State/Company conducts environmental impact assessments or other required assessments within the laws and regulations Environmental Impact Assessments must be conducted according to regulations and approved by the relevant authorities CONSERVATION REGULATIONS The company conducts the necessary Environmental Impact Assessment Federal Law "On Environment Protection" No. 7-FZ of The Order of the State Committee for Environment No. 372 of State/company conducts conservation assessment/evaluation within the laws and regulations Federal Law "On Waste from Production and Consumption" No. 89-FZ of (revised version of ) 11

12 Indicator 7.1.1: Nationally protected species of flora and fauna must be identified in the Forest Development Project Verify that the approved Forest Development Project (Article 6 and Annex 6 of the Project) has a list of rare and endangered tree, shrub and other plant species present in the harvesting area. Criterion 7.2: Indicator 7.2.1: Order of the Federal Forestry Agency No. 69 of State/company takes mitigation measures on negative conservation values in accordance with the laws and regulations A company must adhere to any corporate social responsibilities or contractual obligations that contribute to the prevention of poaching and illegal logging. Verify adherence to any commitments made in the Forest Development Project, to take measures to conserve biodiversity and to fight against illegal practices. No additional legal obligations company may follow these commitments through voluntary mechanisms such as FSC. PRINCIPLE 8: Criterion 8.1: Indicator 8.1.1: Criterion 8.2: Indicator 8.2.1: SOCIAL REGULATIONS Company maintains or strengthens socio-economic welfare of local communities/indigenous people in accordance with the laws and regulations When workers are hired from local communities or indigenous groups they are paid in accordance with legal provisions Review payslips and discuss with relevant parties to ensure payments are in compliance with the official salary scale. Labour Code (Article 3) Federal Law No. 197-FZ of Company recognizes legal or customary rights of indigenous/local people in accordance with the laws and regulations User rights of local communities in the forestry concessions are recognized and respected Review documents and written complaints and meet with relevant parties to determine adherence to the Forest Code, which recognises a number of local community rights related to free access to forests for recreation, free harvesting of non-timber forest products for subsistence, and others. Indigenous peoples rights for traditional use of nature are respected. Federal Law No. 49-FZ of (revised version of ) 12

13 Forest Code Criterion 8.3: Company complies with the laws and regulations on its employees and workers rights Indicator 8.3.1: Indicator 8.3.2: Indicator 8.3.3: Indicator 8.3.4: The company respects the freedom of its workers to participate in labour union activities The workers representatives have been appropriately trained to carry out their duties The employees of the company have access to relevant information contained in the Labour Law Relations between the company and its employees have been formalised with respect to legal provisions Review documents and meet with employees to check their freedom to participate in trade unions Federal Law No. 10-FZ of (revised version of ) Check documents (registration books) to verify that workers were trained appropriately and received safety instructions and equipment. Field visits and interviews with workers may be necessary. Federal Law "On Trade Unions, Their Rights and Guarantees" No. 10-FZ of (revised version of ) Verify the availability of documentation with staff representatives Federal Law No. 10-FZ of (revised version of ) Verify the existence of workers contracts and payslips. Note that much unqualified work is conducted by workers from China (in the Russian Far East) and from the former Soviet Union countries. Many are illegal immigrants, sometimes working without contracts, for marginal salaries and living in unacceptable conditions. It is necessary to check if international workers have formal contracts, visas and permission to work in Russia issued by the Immigration Service. Labour Code (Federal Law No. 197-FZ of ) Federal Law "On the Legal Status of foreign Citizens in the Russian Federation" No. 115-FZ on Criterion 8.4: Indicator 8.4.1: Company complies with the laws and regulations of its employees and workers welfare Sanitary and safety conditions for workers comply with the legislation in force Conduct site inspections and hold meetings with relevant parties in order to ensure that the required conditions / facilities exist. Labour Code (Federal Law No. 197-FZ of ) 13

14 Indicator 8.4.2: Indicator 8.4.3: PRINCIPLE 9: Criterion 9.1: Working hours applied by the company comply with legal provisions Recruitment of workers respects age criteria set by national legislation and the International Labour Organisation (ILO) TAXES, FEES AND ROYALTIES Hold meetings with relevant parties to verify whether working hours are respected and, where appropriate, extra hours are reasonably paid and review documents including: Internal regulations on working hours. Statements of payment of extra hours. Labour Code (Federal Law No. 197-FZ of ) Review documents and hold meetings with employees and managers to verify whether recruitment conditions are fulfilled. Labour Code (Federal Law No. 197-FZ of ) Clear evidence of current paid taxes, fees and royalties in a timely manner shall be demonstrated by the company in accordance with the laws and regulations Indicator 9.1.1: All forestry related taxes and fees are paid on time Verify that records of volumes of timber and species harvested comply with the legal provisions (the Forest Declaration, Forest Development Plan) and are reported (the Indicator 9.1.2: All taxes linked to timber processing operations are paid Report on Forest Use) within stipulated time limits. on time All relevant taxes for forest use are paid and payment is proved by valid payment orders. Indicator 9.1.3: All taxes linked to export and import of forest products are paid on time PRINCIPLE 10: Criterion 10.1: Indicator : SUBCONTRACTORS AND PARTNERS Forest Code (2006) The company respects the contracts made with subcontractors and partners Relations between the company and subcontractors are formalized by a contract Tax Code (Federal Law No. 146-FZ of (revised version of )) Guidance of the Central Bank No. 978-Y of Verify the existence of formal contracts between a company, its subcontractors and/or partners. Civil Code (part 2 of Federal Law 14-FZ (Articles )) 14

15 Indicator : The company satisfies all its contractual obligations with respect to subcontractors Review contracts to ensure that stipulated provisions are met in accordance with legal requirements, check payment orders and the Act on Acceptance of Goods and Services. Civil Code (part 2 of Federal Law 14-FZ (Articles )) Criterion 10.2: Indicator : The company ensures that all subcontractors and partners are operating within the law In case of partnership with other companies of the forest sector, the company will ensure that the procedural regulations and contractual responsibilities are complied with Verify that there are no allegations of illegal operations by a company or its subcontractors and partners. According to the Russian legislation an entity is not responsible for legality of another entity. However, checking legality of operations by subcontractors is a voluntary practice, for example, a part of the FSC certification scheme. 15

16 LEGAL REFERENCES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS IN FORCE Laws Federal Law No. 7-FZ of "On Environment Protection" Federal Law No. 10-FZ of (revised version of ) "On Trade Unions, Their Rights and Guarantees" Federal Law No. 14-FZ of "Civil Code of Russian Federation" Federal Law No. 33-FZ of (revised version of ) "On Protected Areas Federal Law No. 49-FZ of (revised version of ) "On Territories of Traditional Nature Use by Indigenous Peoples of the Russian North, Siberia and the Russian Far East" Federal Law No. 89-FZ of (revised version of ) "On Waste from Production and Consumption" Federal Law No. 115-FZ of "On the Legal Status of foreign Citizens in the Russian Federation" Federal Law No. 129-FZ of (revised version of ) "On State Registration of Legal Entities and Individual Proprietors" Federal Law No. 146-FZ of (revised version of ) "Tax Code" Federal Law No. 170-FZ of (revised version of with amendments of ) "On Technical Appraisal of Means of Transport" Federal Law No. 197-FZ of "Labour Code of Russian Federation" Federal Law No. 212-FZ of (revised version of ) "On Contributions to the Retirement Fund of the Russian Federation, to the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation and to the Federal Fund for the Obligatory Medical Insurance " Federal Law No. 259-FZ of "Regulation on Automobile Transportation and City Electric Transportation" Federal Law No. 200-FZ of "Forest Code of Russian Federation" Orders Order of the Federal Forestry Agency No. 18 of "On a Forest Declaration" and "The Procedure of Filling in and Delivering of a Forest Declaration" Order of the Federal Forestry Agency No. 69 of "On Approval of the Content of a Forest Development Project and the Procedure for its Development " Order of the Federal Forestry Agency No. 223 of "Rules for use of Forests for Building, Reconstruction and Maintenance of Linear Infrastructure Objects" Order of the Federal Forestry Agency No. 318 of (revised version of ) "On Approval of the Procedure for Development of a Forest Stands Sale Agreement for Forests Located on Lands in State or Municipal Property and a Sample Form for a Forest Stands Sale " Order of the Federal Forestry Agency No. 319 of (revised version of ) "On Approval of the Procedure for a Forest Area Rent Agreement for Forest Areas in State or Municipal Property and Sample Forms for Forest Area Rent Agreements" Order of the Federal Forestry Agency No. 337 of "Timber Harvesting Rules" Order of the Federal Forestry Agency No. 513 of "List of Tree and Shrub Species for which Timber Harvesting is not Allowed" Order of the Federal Forestry Agency No. 545 of "On Approval of Procedure for State or Municipal Expertise of a Forest Development Project " 16

17 Order of the Government No. 18 of (revised version of ) "On Additional State Measures to Regulate Harvesting, Trade and Export of Valuable Timber" Order of the Government No. 158 of "On the Red Book of the Russian Federation" Order of the Government No. 272 of (revised version of ) "Automobile Transportation Rules" Order of the Government No. 337 of "On Ensuring Fulfilment of Responsibilities of the Russian Federation in CITES Convention" Order of the Government No. 779 of (revised version of ) "On Tariff Quotas for Selected Softwood Timber Categories Exported from the Russian Federation and Member States of the Customs Union Agreement" Order of the Ministry of Agriculture No. 163 of (revised version of ) "On the Organization of the Issuance of Phytosanitary Certificates and Quarantine Certificates" Order of the Ministry of Industry and Trade No. 135 of "Administrative Regulation" Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No of "On the Order on Registration of Means of Transport", (revised version of ) Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 282 of "On State Registration Numbers of Means of Transport" Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources No. 175 of "On Forms of Reports on Use, Preservation, Conservation, Protection and Regeneration of Forests, Reforestation and on the Procedure for their Submission" Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources No. 323 of "On Approval of the Strategy for Conservation of Rare and Threatened Species of Animals, Plants and Fungi " Order of the Ministry of Railways No. 39 of (revised version of ) "On Approval of Guidlanes to Fill in Transportation Documents for Railway Transportation of Goods" Order of the State Committee for Environment No. 372 of "On Approval of the Order of Assessment of Potential Influence of Planned Industrial and Other Activities on Environment in the Russian Federation " Decisions Decision of the Customs Union Commission No. 257 of (revised version of ) "On Instructions to Fill in Customs Declarations and on Sample Forms of Customs Declarations" Others Convention on the Contract for the International carriage of Goods by Road of

18 Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Annex III of Guidance of the Central Bank No. 978-y of (revised version of ) "On the Order of Legal Acts and Instructions of the Bank of Russia" Regulation of the Federal Supervisory Natural Resources Management Service of On CITES Convention ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CMR: Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road FSC: Forest Stewardship Council IUCN: The World Conservation Union WRI: World Resources Institute WWF: World wide Fund for Nature 18