Wood fuel production and forest certification an area of conflict? Dirk Teegelbekkers General Secretary, PEFC Germany

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1 Wood fuel production and forest certification an area of conflict? Dirk Teegelbekkers General Secretary, PEFC Germany

2 Forest Certification Rise of Forest certification Grew out of concerns about deforestation in the tropics Procurement of timber problematic Intergovernmental Processes to promote sustainable forest management Role of Forest certification Improve Forest Management Provide assurances on management where required Improve market access for timber products - in competition with plastic, aluminium, steel and concrete

3 Elements of Forest Certification BODY ACTION RESULTS Standard-setting body Standard setting Forest certification standard Certification body Accreditation body Environmental labeling body Auditing SFM Verification of chain of custody Accreditation evaluation Licensing of companies Forest certificate Certificate of chain of custody Registration of certification body Environmental label

4 PEFC basic pillars PEFC Council Regional Political Processes for SFM Subsidiarity and Independence of National Schemes Internationally approved certification and accreditation procedures Multi- stakeholder process Bottom up approach

5 Link to the intergovernmental processes

6 The PEFC family PEFC member schemes not endorsed yet (5) PEFC member schemes under assessment (4) PEFC members with endorsed schemes (22)

7 Forest area certified against schemes associated with PEFC and FSC Area certified to PEFC members not endorsed yet (estimated) millions hectares Area certified to PEFC endorsed schemes PEFC FSC

8 PEFC in Germany Regional certification procedure Think regionally... Indikatoren: 1) Gesamtwaldfläche 2) Waldfläche je Einwohner 3) Erstaufgeforstete und umgewandelte Fläche 4) Gesamtvorrat 5) Vorratsstruktur 6) Kohlenstoffvorrat... 53) Freizeit- und Erholungseinrichtungen 54) Anzahl der Waldflächen, denen kulturelle oder spirituelle Werte zugeordnet sind. Regionaler Waldbericht

9 PEFC in Germany Regional certification procedure Act locally...

10 PEFC in Germany Standards for Sustainable Forest Management Forest management plan (>100 ha) Pesticides only as "ultima ratio" Skidding only on skidding tracks Appropriate forest road building Mixed stands with site-related species Prohibition of clear cuts on principle Appropriate amount of rotten wood (snags) Adapted stock of game Prohibition of new drainage Prohibition of total area deep tillage Qualified employees and contractors

11 PEFC in Germany Status of the certified forest area Certified forest area in Germany (5/2005) PEFC FSC

12 Chain-of of-custody Status of the CoC certification CoC certificates on international level CoC-Zertifikate in Deutschland Quartal CoC certificates in Germany

13 Labelled Products on the market

14 First successes: DIY chain GLOBUS

15 First successes Publisher Gong

16 Helsinki-Process United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 1992 Ecological, economic and social sustainablility Six Criteria 2nd Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe, Helsinki, rd Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe, Lisbon, 1998 Indicators and Pan- European Operational Level Guidelines Improved indicators 4th Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe, Vienna, 2003

17 Definition Sustainable Forest Management "The stewardship and use of forests and forest land in a way and at a rate, that maintains their biodiversity, productivity, regeneration capacity, vitality and their potential to fulfil now and in the future, relevant ecological, economic and social functions, at local, national and global levels and does not cause damage to other ecosystems." The Ministerial Conference in Helsinki, 1993

18 Helsinki-Process 6 Criteria and 35 Indicators Air pollutants Forest damage Defoliation Soil conditiom Other protective functions Water-/Soilconservation Age/dbhstructure Land use & forest area Forest health & vitality Growing stock (total) Protective functions of forests Forest area Forest resources & global carbon cycles Carbon storage SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT Exotic tree species Dead Wood Threatened species Natural regeneration Balance between growth & removals Productive functions of forests Biological diversity Services Forest area under management Round wood Forest genetic resources Tree species composition Non-wood products Forest holdings Socio-economic aspects Threatened forest types Energy from wood Employment Contribution to GDP Net revenue Landscape Workforce Exp.for services Safety and health pattern Trade in wood Naturalness Wood consumption Accessibility Cultural and spiritual values

19 Relevant Indicators 2.2 Soil conditions Chemical soil properties (ph, CEC, C/N, organic C, base saturation) on forest and other wooded land related to soil acidity and eutrophication 2.4 Forest damage Forest and other wooded land with damage, classified by primary damaging agent (abiotic, biotic and human induced) and by forest type 6.9 Energy from wood resources Share of wood energy in total energy consumption, classified by origin of wood Forest damage Soil condition Forest health & vitality SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT Socio-economic aspects Energy from wood

20 Pan-Europea Operational Level Guidelines 3.2 Guidelines for Forest Management Practices a. Forest management practices should be ensured in quality with a view to maintain and improve the forest resources and to encourage a diversified output of goods and services over the long term. b. Regeneration, tending and harvesting operations should be carried out in time, and in a way that do not reduce the productive capacity of the site, for example by avoiding damage to retained stands and trees as well as to the forest soil, and by using appropriate systems. c. Harvesting levels of both wood and non-wood forest products should not exceed a rate that can be sustained in the long term, and optimum use should be made of the harvested forest products, with due regard to nutrient offtake.

21 PEFC Standards for Germany 2.5 Within the timber harvesting damages to stand and soil shall be avoided to the greatest possible extent. For this it is necessary to omit driving on whole sites on principle. 2.6 A permanent system of skid tracks shall be built up, which makes it possible to use forest machinery in a stand and soil caring way. The distance between skid tracks must not be less than 20 meters. On soils sensitive to compression the distance shall be larger. 2.9 Felling and skidding damages on the remaining stand and seedlings shall be avoided by careful forest operation.

22 PEFC Standards for Germany 3.2 The encouragement of the productive function includes the production of high timber qualities and a varied product palette within the internal objectives. The forest owner shall manage his forests in a product-oriented way, also with respect to the marketing of non-woodproducts and services.

23 PEFC Standards for Germany 3.6 Whole trees (utilisation and removal of all parts of the tree above and below the surface) shall not be harvested. All parts of the tree above the surface (trunk and crown) shall not be used and removed on oligotroph soils.

24 Example for the implementation of standard # 3.6 Recommendation of the State forest research centre Eberswalde for the appliance of whole tree utilisation for the purpose of wood fuel chip production in pine stands in the state forest of Brandenburg: no nutrient offtake if whole tree utilisation is carried out twice within one rotation period and appliance only once within the tending period of the young stand (20 45 yrs, <50 solid m³ of standing crop) and once while tending the old stand (app. 100 yrs, m³) taking into consideration the conservation of snag trees not on defined oligotroph sites

25 Challenges: Tropical rain forest M io. H e k tar Change of forest land by region ( ) 1 0,0 5,0 - -5,0-10,0-15,0-20,0-25,0-30,0-35,0 2,6 3,8-0,5-14,5-18,7-29,1 E u rop a N o rda m e rika S ü d a m e rika Asien Afrika O zea n ien M i o. H e k t a r 9 0, 0 0 Certified forests by region (2003) 8 0, , , , , , , , , , 0 0-3, 9 7 0, 3 7 1, 6 1 0, 7 1

26 Challenges: Regional differences FSC/PEFC in Deutschland FSC in Schweden PEFC in Finnland FSC in Chile

27 Challenges: Conflicts

28 Challenges: Level of awareness % (o ut of h ou seh olds) 4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 ISO ,2 FSC 1,6 4,0 0,7 PEFC Naturland from Plantations" "Wood 2,1 (7/2002)

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