Urban Parks, Trees & Nature Human Health & Well Being

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1 Urban Parks, Trees & Nature Human Health & Well Being Dr. Kathleen Wolf University of Washington Seattle, USA March 2009

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3 City Trees & Forests Benefits Categories! "environmental! "economic (second presentation)! "psychological! "social! "physical self

4 Global Urbanization! % of humanity lived in urban areas, %!

5 ALPHA: Awaji Landscape Planning & Horticulture Academy, University of Hyogo

6 ALPHA: near Kobe, Osaka, Kyoto

7 Japan compact cities

8 dynamic street life

9 dynamic civic buildings Kyoto train station

10 civic forests

11 sacred forests

12 native species & cultural stewardship

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14 !" meeting pic?

15 forests of contemplation

16 forest symbols

17 front yards in Japan

18 Urbanization Patterns! "understanding using maps! "> 80% U.S. population lives in urbanized areas - Australia?

19 !"#$%&'()*+$,(%&-."(//&0$,(%/&

20 U.S. Urban Land Cover (2000) Nowak, J. Forestry, Dec. 2005!

21 U.S. Urban Land Cover (2050)

22 '()*+$,(%&12/3"2#*,(%& <"6$36/3&<"(=3>& "$36/&$"6&2%&.($/3$+& C(+D&E($/3FG=66DH& IJ;K&$%%*$+& 4*%/>2%6&E($/3H&& IJLK&$%%*$+& -!4&5*"6$*&(7&43$,/,./8&9::;&

23 M%36"/3$36&N2<"$,(%& %63&)()*+$,(%& O(P6O6%3& -!4&5*"6$*&(7&43$,/,./8&9::;&

24 Small Changes, yet Big Change

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31 City Trees & Forests Planning & Investment:! "what?! "how?! "why?

32 City Trees & Forests Benefits Categories! "environmental! "economic! "psychological! "social! "physical self

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34 Not just beauty...! environment, economics, social benefits!

35 City Trees & Nature Environmental Services!" Air pollutants reduction!" Nitrogen, phosphorus and sediment interception!" Carbon emissions reduction & sequestration!" Urban heat-island cooling!" Reduced bad ozone!" Stormwater runoff reduction!" Wildlife habitat

36 Wildlife Habitat!" including birds!

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38 Research Question: What is the response of consumers/shoppers to trees in CBD streetscapes? Measures:! Visual preference! Place perceptions! Patronage behavior! Product pricing! research program, U of Washington Wolf & collaborators, funded by US Forest Service and NUCFAC

39 Image Categories (sorted by ratings) (cities of K population) Pocket Parks! mean 3.72! (highest) Scale : 1=not at all, 5=like very much, 26 images Full Canopy! mean 3.63

40 No Trees" mean 1.65! (lowest)! (high )

41 Amenity and Comfort! Interaction with Merchants! Quality of Products! Maintenance and Upkeep! travel time, travel distance! duration & frequency of visits! willingness to pay for parking! most measures higher with trees higher willingness to pay for all " types of goods! higher in districts with trees %!

42 typical retail street in urban Japan

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44 Namba Parks, Osaka view from nearby hotel

45 interior retail space ground level

46 small plazas, retail entry

47 passive nature experiences

48 Namba Parks: retail success & nature experience benefits

49 City Trees & Forests Benefits Categories! "environmental! "economic! "psychological! "social! "physical self

50 City Trees & Nature Human Health & Well-Being!" Improved surgery and illness recovery!" Higher job satisfaction and reduced absenteeism!" Lower crime rates in well landscape areas!" Stress & anxiety reduction in urban lifestyles!" Reduced violence and more constructive conflict resolution in domestic conflict!" Reduced ADHD symptoms!" Improved social ties in neighborhoods

51 Kaplan, R Landscape " and Urban Planning.! Workplace Nature Views "" Well-being! "" desk workers without view of nature reported 23% more ailments in prior 6 months! "" Job Satisfaction! "" less frustrated and more patient! "" higher overall job satisfaction and enthusiasm!

52 Plants in Workplace "" Productivity! Lohr et al J. of Environmental Horticulture! "" 12% quicker reaction on computer tasks! "" reports of being more attentive! "" Less Stress! "" lower systolic blood pressure!

53 directed attention fatigue

54 we all deserve a corner office! bottom-line $$ benefits of nature niches

55 Roger Ulrich. Texas A &M. Studies on nature and medical recovery! Wellness & Healing "" Surgery Recovery! "" shorter post-operative stays! "" less use of potent pain drugs, better attitude" "" Lifestyle Recovery! "" attentional fatigue restored! "" relationships and career coping Cimprich, B Research " in Nursing and Health.!

56 Healing Gardens - institutional design -

57 U of WA Hospitals Surgery Pavilion

58 !"

59 !" physically disabled & tree climbing!

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62 Social Benefits "" studies at the University of Illinois, Landscape and Human Health Laboratory Dr. Frances Kuo Research Director

63 Chicago Public Housing with & without green spaces Wm. Sullivan & F. Kuo University of Illinois

64 Landscape & Human Health Laboratory

65 City Trees & Forests Benefits Categories! "environmental! "economic! "psychological! "social! "physical self public health & human habitat

66 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1990, 1995, 2005 (*BMI!30, or about 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 person) Doubling of adult obesity rate since No Data <10% 10% 14% 15% 19% 20% 24% 25% 29%!30%

67 Obesity Rates By Nation (2002) * There are now more overweight than malnourished people in the world!

68 Physical Inactivity & Obesity

69 children ages 6 to 11 25% of AUS children are overweight or obese (Obesity Society)

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72 Streets Focused on Vehicles transportation planning - little space for people

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74 Durham, NC

75 parks, open spaces & trails need access & facilities

76 make room for pedestrians + walk to school, Naderi et al. 2008, ITE Jrnl

77 walkable places = health & happiness

78 Nature, Human Health & Walkable Neighborhoods!" Environments: Neighborhood Streets (Tokyo)!" tree lined streets!" nearby parks!" vs. barren streetscapes!" Outcomes: Elderly People & Walking!" less illness!" lower mortality rate Takano, Nakamura, Watanabe # Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health!

79 Urban Trees & Forests Benefits Categories! "environmental! "economic! "psychological! "social! "physical self good human habitat & safe, economically vital cities

80 Nearby Nature is necessary human habitat trees are important! source: UrbanPhoto!

81 - not distant places - in our yards - on our streets Nearby Nature complete habitat source: UrbanPhoto!

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