Key conservation policies and their targets

Transcription

1 Key conservation policies and their targets Veronika Ferdinandova IUCN SEE Belgrade, 21 December, 2011

2 Nature keeps us alive Air to breath Water to drink Food to eat Raw materials for all products we use Medicines

3 Conservation of nature is critical issue not only for conservationists but for businesses, politicians and each and everyone of us

4 The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Entered into force on 29 December It has 3 main objectives: The conservation of biological diversity The sustainable use of the components of biological diversity The fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources

5 The Convention was opened for signature on 5 June 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (the Rio "Earth Summit").

6 Parties committed themselves to a more effective and coherent implementation of the three objectives of the Convention, to achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional and national level as a contribution to poverty alleviation and to the benefit of all life on Earth.

7 What happens after 2010? CBD Parties have set themselves an ambitious but achievable task to reverse the loss of biodiversity by 2020 and adopted the global Strategic Plan for Biodiversity

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9 What can we do? 5 goals of the 2020 Strategic Plan: A. Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society; B. Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use; C. To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity; D. Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services; E. Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity building.

10 The Aichi biodiversity targets Strategic goal A. Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss Target 1: By 2020, People are aware of the values of biodiversity and the steps they can take to conserve and use it sustainably. Target 2: By 2020, biodiversity values are integrated into national and local development and poverty reduction strategies and planning processes and national accounts Target 3: By 2020, incentives, including subsidies, harmful to biodiversity are eliminated, phased out or reformed. Target 4: By 2020, Governments, business and stakeholders have plans for sustainable production and consumption and keep the impacts resource use within safe ecological limits. Strategic goal B. Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote sustainable use At least halve and, where feasible, bring close to zero the Target 5: By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero, and degradation and fragmentation rate of loss is significantly of natural reduced. habitats, including forests Target 6: By 2020 all stocks managed and harvested sustainably, so that overfishing is avoided. Target 7: By 2020 areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity. Target 8: By 2020, pollution, including from excess nutrients, has been brought to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity. Target 9: By 2020, invasive alien species and pathways are identified and prioritized, priority species are controlled or eradicated, and measures are in place to manage pathways to prevent their introduction and establishment. Target 10: By 2015, the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs, and other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are minimized, so as to maintain their integrity and functioning.

11 The Aichi biodiversity targets Strategic goal C: To improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity Target 11: By 2020, at least Establish 17 per cent of a terrestrial conservation and inland water, target and of 10 per 17% cent of terrestrial coastal and marine and areas are conserved through systems of protected areas... inland water areas and 10% of marine and coastal areas Target 12: By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained. Target 13: By 2020, the genetic diversity of cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and of wild relatives is maintained, Strategic goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services Target 14: By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential services, including services are restored and safeguarded, Target 15: By 2020, ecosystem Restore resilience at and least the contribution 15% of of degraded biodiversity to areas carbon through stocks has been enhanced, through conservation and restoration, conservation including restoration and restoration of least 15 per activities cent of degraded ecosystems, Target 16: By 2015, the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefits Sharing is in force and operational Strategic goal E. Enhance implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity building Target 17: By 2015 each Party has developed, adopted as a policy instrument, and has commenced implementing an effective, participatory and updated NBSAP. Target 18: By 2020, the traditional knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities and their customary use, are respected. Target 19: By 2020, knowledge, the science base and technologies relating to biodiversity, its values, functioning, status and trends, and the consequences of its loss, are improved, widely shared and transferred, and applied. Target 20: By 2020, the mobilization of financial resources for effectively implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity from all sources,, should increase substantially.

12 Setting national targets Revised national biodiversity strategy and action plans will be an essential implementation tool to allow countries to contribute to the the strategic plan To be adopted by 2012 Not for all 20 global targets - only the relevant to national circumstances;

13 IUCN and the CBD IUCN signed an agreement with the SCBD during COP10 in Nagoya aimed at providing support in the implementation of the Strategic Plan generally. One specific point relates to providing capacity building and technical support for the effective implementation of the Strategic Plan at the national level.

14 What is IUCN IUCN works on biodiversity, climate change, energy, human livelihoods and greening the world economy by supporting scientific research, managing field projects all over the world, and bringing governments, NGOs, the UN and companies together to develop policy, laws and best practice. IUCN is the world s oldest and largest global environmental organization, with more than 1,200 government and NGO members and almost 11,000 volunteer experts in some 160 countries. IUCN s work is supported by over 1,000 staff in 45 offices and hundreds of partners in public, NGO and private sectors around the world.

15 Biodiversity-related cluster" of treaties and agreements The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora - Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. CMS Convention on migratory species (Bonn) aims to conserve terrestrial, aquatic and avian migratory species throughout their range.

16 Ramsar The Convention on Wetlands provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats - conserve wild flora and fauna and their natural habitats; World Heritage Convention - links together the concepts of nature conservation and the preservation of cultural properties. The Convention recognizes the way in which people interact with nature, and the fundamental need to preserve the balance between the two.

17 Ensure environmental sustainability 1 of the 8 In 2000, 189 nations made a promise to free people from extreme poverty and multiple deprivations. This pledge became the eight Millennium Development Goals to be achieved by In September 2010, the world recommitted itself to accelerate progress towards these goals.

18 At EU level In May 2006, the European Commission adopted a communication on Halting the loss of Biodiversity by 2010 underlining the importance of biodiversity protection, as well as setting out a detailed EU Biodiversity Action Plan to achieve this. EU Heads of State at the EU Summit in Gothenburg in June 2001 decided that "biodiversity decline should be halted with the aim of reaching this objective by 2010 Lisbon strategy for growth and jobs was launched in "Strong economic performance" that goes hand in hand with "the sustainable use of natural resources.

19 At EU level Environment (BD AP, BD Strategy, Nature directives) Forests (EU Forest AP, Combating deforestation communication, FLEGT AP, EU forestry strategy, Forest focus regulation) Agriculture (Regulation on direct support schemes for farmers; Regulation on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD))

20 EU Nature relevant policies Energy - Biomass AP, EU Strategy for biofuels, Directive from 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources The EIA Directive, SEA Directive Communication on GPP Water Framework Directive

21 EU Birds and Habitats Directives Preservation of European wild species and habitats. Basis for Natura 2000 network. Special Protection Areas (SPAs) for protection of birds and Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) for other species and for habitats. The primary aim of the sites designation is to keep species and habitats in good condition which is not necessarily incompatible with human activities.

22 CAP Common market organization (pillar I) Rural Development (pillar II) Indirect support (export subsidies, import duties) Direct support (payments to farmers) Axis I Improving the competitiveness of agriculture and forestry Axis II Improving the environment and the countryside Axis III The quality of life in rural areas and diversification of the rural economy Axis IV LEADER

23 Axis 2 NATURA 2000 payments (agricultural and forest land): compensation for restrictions (obligations) resulting from implementation of nature protection directives Non-productive investments - non-remunerative investment related to agri-environmental objectives, to enhance the public amenity value of Natura 2000 sites or other high nature value areas Agri and forest-environment payments for voluntary commitments, going beyond a baseline, aimed at enhancing biodiversity preserving high nature value farming and forests Agroforestry combining extensive farming and forestry systems on the same land Afforestation on agri and non-agri land

24 The new BD strategy 2020 Option 1. Significantly reduce the rate of loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services in the EU by 2020 Option 2. Halt the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services in the EU by 2020 Option 3. Halt the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services in the EU by 2020 and restore them insofar as possible Option 4. Halt the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services in the EU by 2020 and restore them insofar as possible, and step up the EU's contribution to averting global biodiversity loss

25 Targets Full implementation of EU nature legislation to protect biodiversity Better protection for ecosystems, and more use of green infrastructure More sustainable agriculture and forestry Better management of fish stocks Tighter controls on invasive alien species A bigger EU contribution to averting global biodiversity loss

26 What is Green Infrastructure? Creating space for natural processes the base of our life Maintain ecosystem services clean air, fresh water, fertile soil Mitigation and adaptation against CC and extreme natural events Enhancing landscape permeability for species improving the quality of habitats Reconnect existing nature areas improving functional connectivity

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