LATVIAN FOREST SECTOR IN FACTS & FIGURES

Transcription

1 217 LATVIAN FOREST SECTOR IN FACTS & FIGURES BRIEFLY TERRITORIES FORESTRY CONTRIBUTION TO THE ECONOMY CONTRIBUTION TO THE ENERGY SECTOR TIMBER INDUSTRY FOREIGN TRADE FOREST SECTOR AND SOCIETY EDUCATION SCIENCE

2 Briefly Forests in Latvia take up million hectares of land, or 52% of the country s territory. The amount of forestland, moreover, is constantly expanding, both naturally and thanks to afforestation of infertile land and other land that is not used for agriculture. More important, however, is another indicator the volume of timber in the forest is increasing three times more than the area of forestland. This proves that the forest area in Latvia is not expanding because of bushes that are not counted as part of the area of forest. On the contrary, forestry work in Latvia has been very targeted. An average of approximately 12 million m³ of round wood have been harvested each year in Latvia s forests during the past decade. That is less than the annual increment, and so forestry in Latvia can be described as sustainable. Wood processing The forest sector is one of the cornerstones of the national economy at this time. Forestry, wood processing and furniture manufacturing represented 5,2% of GDP in 216, while exports amounted to EUR 2 billion 2% of all exports. There is no parish in Latvia with no larger or smaller wood processing company. Often these are the most important employers in the surrounding area, thus being the main pillar of support for local economies and residents. 2 BRIEFLY

3 Biological diversity In historical terms, the intensive use of Latvia s forests for economic purposes began comparatively later than in many other European countries, and that has allowed us to preserve extensive biological diversity. Limitations on economic activity apply to 13,2% of Latvia s forests at this time, and most of this territory is owned by the state. 683 especially protected environmental territories have been set aside to protect nature. Many are included in the unified and pan-european NATURA 2 network of protected territories. The forest and society The Latvian state owns around one-half of the country s forests, while most of the rest of the forest belongs to approximately 135, private owners. Nearly everywhere, people are free to hike through the forest and to pick mushrooms or berries. The number of places for recreation is increasing every year in Latvia s forests, and the territories in which recreation is one of the main goals of forest management represent 8% of all forestland in Latvia. BRIEFLY 3

4 Forest Area (Thousand ha) % 5% % 45% 47% 46% % 5% Area of forestland according to international forest definition* Forest cover (int. definition) Area of forestland according to Latvian forest definition** Forest cover (LV definition) *Include forest stands, damaged stands, burnt areas, windfalls, cutting areas, gaps and the land under forest infrastructure facilities. **Include forest stands, damaged stands, burnt areas, windfalls, cutting areas. SOURCE: NATIONAL FOREST INVENTORY 213 (NFI) LATVIA IS THE FOURTH MOST FORESTED COUNTRY IN EUROPE! Total growing stock volume (Million m 3) TERRITORIES SOURCE: FOREST FUND, THE STATE FOREST SERVICE (SFS), NFI

5 Forest Area by Dominant Species. Whole country, 216 Other species 1% Black Alder 3% Grey Alder 7% Aspen Pine 34% 7% Birch 3% Spruce 18% SOURCE: SFS TERRITORIES 5

6 Forest Area by Dominant Species. State-owned forests, 216 Other species 1% Black Alder Pine 47% 3% Grey Alder 1% Aspen 4% Birch Spruce 22% 22% Forest Area by Dominant Species. Other forest owners, 216 Other species 2% Spruce 15% Black Alder 3% Pine 2% Grey Alder 14% 6 TERRITORIES Aspen Birch 9% 37% SOURCE: SFS

7 Forest age structure (Thousand ha) Young stands 1988 Medium-aged stands Mature stands Stands at or above harvesting age SOURCE: FOREST FUND, NFI TERRITORIES 7

8 8 TERRITORIES < < Age structure of pine stands by area (Thousand ha), Age structure of pine stands by growing stock volume (Million m 3), SOURCE: NFI

9 SOURCE: NFI < < Age structure of spruce stands by area (Thousand ha), Age structure of spruce stands by growing stock volume (Million m 3), TERRITORIES 9

10 Age structure of birch stands by area (Thousand ha), < Age structure of birch stands by growing stock volume (Million m 3), < TERRITORIES SOURCE: NFI

11 Age structure of aspen stands by area (Thousand ha), Age structure of aspen stands by growing stock volume (Million m 3), SOURCE: NFI TERRITORIES 11

12 Forest ownership by status, 216 State-owned forests 49% Local governmentowned and other forests 1% Privately owned forestland 5% 12 TERRITORIES SOURCE: SFS

13 Structure of Private Forest Owners, ,9% ,1% ha a h 1 >1,2% a 5 5 h ha 2 2 3,9%,1% 5,3% 5,1%,4% 8,1% 1,3% a h 1 Proportion by area 1 a 5 5 h ha ha 1 5 <5 ha 18,8% 2,1% 7,1% 16,3% 12,3% 11,9% 1,4% 1 17,7% 2 Proportion by number THE INTERESTS OF PRIVATE FOREST OWNERS ARE REPRESENTED BY THE LATVIAN FOREST OWNERS' ASSOCIATION. SOURCE: LATVIAN STATE FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE (LSFRI) "SILAVA" TERRITORIES 13

14 Forestry The forest sector in Latvia is under the supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture. It works with stakeholders to draft forest policies, development strategies for the sector, as well as regulations on forest management, the use of forest resources, environment protection and hunting. The State Forest Service, under the Ministry of Agriculture, is the responsible agency for supervising how the provisions of the laws and regulations are observed in forest management irrespective of the ownership type. State-owned forests are managed by Stock Company Latvian State Forests, which was established in It implements the state s interests in terms of preserving and increasing the value of the forest and enhancing the contributions of the forest to the national economy FORESTRY

15 SOURCE: SFS 27 State-owned forests 5,8 6 5,6 6,1 5,4 6,3 5,39 5,4 5,11 5, ,7 6 7,7 3 7,6 5, ,5 3, ,4 5,4 4,7 5,4 8,9 1,7 11,6 1,79 1,66 12,9 12,72 12,2 11,73 11,66 11,68 11,3 1,7 1,1 9, , ,9 8,3 4,1 7,5 3,9 6,8 4,8 6, ,7 7,3 3,8 7,4 4 2 Timber Production (Million m 3) 14 Other forests FORESTRY 15

16 Timber Production in Terms of Felling Type, 216 Other felling 4,5% 459,8 ha Final felling Sanitary felling 4,4% 22,3% 41169,8 ha 22659,8 ha Thinning 32,8% Unlawful felling 33364,14 ha,4% 4,9 ha 16 FORESTRY SOURCE: SFS

17 SOURCE: SFS State-owned forests FORESTRY ,3 25, , , ,6 Forest Regeneration by ownership (Thousand ha) 5 Other forests 17

18 18 FORESTRY Seeding/planting 13,7 27, , ,9 25, ,6 4,3 4,6 38, ,5 26,8 35,2 13, ,2 32,2 34,4 36,2 34,8 12,9 22, ,8 21, ,2 29,4 28 1,6 23,8 11,5 24, , , ,7 23, Forest Regeneration by Type (Thousand ha) 5 Natural regeneration SOURCE: SFS

19 Forest regeneration by species and by the type of regeneration (ha), 216 Natural regeneration Seeding/planting 1549,71 Natural regeneration 183,29 Natural regeneration 845,72 Seeding/planting 5682,9 Seeding/planting 6,43 763,55 Natural regeneration 984,39 Natural regeneration Seeding/planting 5868,61 Seeding/planting 7, ,7 1322,79 Natural regeneration 38,92 SOURCE: SFS Natural regeneration Seeding/planting 173,38 Seeding/planting - Birch 11395,43 Pine 6765,38 Aspen 769,98 Spruce 6853 Grey Alder 494,23 Black Alder 1496,17 Oak, Ash 38,92 FORESTRY 19

20 Proportion of Species in Forest Regeneration. Whole country, 216 Other species 4% Pine Grey Alder 18% 13% Spruce Aspen 18% 18% Birch 29% 2 FORESTRY SOURCE: SFS

21 Proportion of Species in Forest Regeneration. State-owned forests, 216 Pine Other species 32% 4% Spruce Grey Alder 2% 1% Aspen 13% Birch 3% Proportion of Species in Forest Regeneration. Other forests, 216 Other species 4% Grey Alder 21% Aspen 22% SOURCE: SFS Pine 7% Spruce 16% Birch 3% FORESTRY 21

22 3 22 FORESTRY State-owned forests 34,7 23,6 35,9 32, ,8 31, ,2 6,3 58, ,3 45,2 29,9 3, ,3 21,9 2,3 11, , ,2 13,2 24,8 5,6 3, ,8 6,7 2 31,5 27,8 5,8 33, ,6 7,7 83,5 Thinning of young stands in Latvia (Thousand ha) 9 8 Other forests SOURCE: SFS

23 SOURCE: SFS FORESTRY ,5 1,5 1, ,1 2 2,2 2,1 2,7 3,4 3,3 3,2 4 4, ,6,4, ,1 Forest establishment in Latvia (Thousand ha)

24 Carbon stock (Million tons) 7 38, ,379 4, ,755 Live biomass 24 FORESTRY Dead ground cover Dead wood Soil (-3 cm depth) SOURCE: LSFRI "SILAVA"

25 Damaged forest stands (Thousand ha) 35 18,661 3, Wind-thrown, snow-breaks Pests SOURCE: SFS Water Animal damage Fire Disease Others FORESTRY 25

26 Proportion of forest sector exports in total Latvian exports (Million EUR) 5 43% 41% 4 3% 3 26% 22% 26% 19% 2% 19% 2 2% 19% 19% 12% 19% 17% CONTRIBUTION TO THE ECONOMY SOURCE: CENTRAL STATISTICAL BUREAU (CSB)

27 6 5,7% 5,6% 5,1% 5 5,1% 5,1% 4,7% 5,% 4,4% 5,1% 5,2% 4,8% 4,8% 4 3,9% 3,8% 3,5% SOURCE: CSB CONTRIBUTION TO THE ECONOMY 27

28 Types of energy-wood in total output (%) Firewood Wood scraps 28 CONTRIBUTION TO THE ENERGY SECTOR Briquettes Pellets Wood chips SOURCE: CSB

29 Total consumption of energy resources (Thousand TJ) Firewood consumption Other consumption SOURCE: CSB 15% 13% 14% 14% 15% 21% 23% 25% 27% 73% 71% 67% 62% 59% 52% 47% 46% 43% 12% 16% 2% 24% 26% 27% 29% 29% 3% Wood biomass Consumption in Energy Production (Thousand m 3) Industry and construction Households Energy transformation sector (district heating boiler houses) SOURCE: FOREST AND WOOD PRODUCTS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE CONTRIBUTION TO THE ENERGY SECTOR 29

30 Latvian timber industry associations Association "Latvijas Mēbeles" (Latvian Furniture) Latvian Timber Producers & Traders Association Latvian association of wood processing companies and exporters Association "Latvijas Koks" Latvian Union of timber harversting companies Latvian association of independent timber harvesting companies Latvian biomass association LATbio Latvian Wood Construction Cluster ASOCIÅCIJA Associations of companies in Latvia s forest industries joined together in the Latvian Forest Industry Federation in 2. It works to develop Latvia s forest sector together with other stakeholders so as to establish a sustainable and stable economic environment that will develop the relevant companies, enhance their competitiveness, ensure the international representation of the industry s interests, and help to develop and co-ordinate the work of the member associations. 3 TIMBER INDUSTRY

31 Net turnover of Forest sector (Million EUR) Total Manufacturing of timber and wood products (NACE 16) Forestry and wood processing (NACE 2) SOURCE: CSB Furniture sector (NACE 31) TIMBER INDUSTRY 31

32 Profit of Forest sector companies (Million EUR) Manufacturing of timber and wood products (NACE 16) Forestry and wood processing (NACE 2) 32 TIMBER INDUSTRY Total Furniture sector (NACE 31) SOURCE: CSB

33 Output per worker in actual prices (Thousand EUR) Manufacturing of timber and wood products (NACE 16) SOURCE: CSB Furniture sector (NACE 31) TIMBER INDUSTRY 33

34 Latvia s Import-Export Balance (Million EUR), 216 Import Forest sector Agriculture and the food industry Machinery building Export -3 FOREIGN TRADE Light industry 375 Metals and metal products Other industries SOURCE: CSB

35 Forest Sector import development (Million EUR) Round wood Plywood and veneer Sawn wood Pulp, paper and cardboard Joinery and carpentry products Furniture Other wood products SOURCE: CSB FOREIGN TRADE 35

36 Forest Sector Export development (Million EUR) Resources for energy and pulp Wood-based panels 36 FOREIGN TRADE Sawn logs 216 Sawnwood Further processed products SOURCE: LATVIAN FOREST INDUSTRY FEDERATION

37 Export Markets for the Main Products of the Forest Sector, 215 (Million EUR) Sawnwood United Kingdom 217,787 21,861 Netharlands 41,156 46,265 Estonia 39,351 39,764 Germany 39,118 38,844 31,1 33,197 Egypt 3,922 26,582 South Korea 23,19928,261 Japan 24,794 22,924 Lithuania 19,84 17,645 Belgium 16,229 15,513 France 115, ,772 Other countries SOURCE: CSB FOREIGN TRADE 6 37

38 Export Markets for the Main Products of the Forest Sector, 216 (Million EUR) Wooden furniture 24,962 Denmark 23,439 Germany 12,55 Sweden 1,987 Estonia 1,37 United Kingdom 8,166 Lithuania Norway 6,881 France 6,478 5,971 Russia 5,124 Poland 26,879 Other countries 38 FOREIGN TRADE SOURCE: CSB

39 Export Markets for the Main Products of the Forest Sector, 216 (Million EUR) Wood-based panels (plywood, veneer, particle board, fibreboard) United Kingdom 6,527 Germany 53,984 Lithuania 3,497 Sweden 29,189 25,416 Poland 22,956 Netherlands Norway 19,25 France 18,923 Turkey 16,934 Estonia 15,81 87,646 Other countries SOURCE: CSB FOREIGN TRADE 5 39

40 Export Markets for the Main Products of the Forest Sector, 216 (Million EUR) Joinery and carpentry products 31,616 Sweden Germany 16,229 12,18 Norway 1,422 Estonia 9,296 United Kingdom 8,35 Lithuania 7,4 Denmark Italy 5,44 Hungary 4,199 2,787 Iceland 13,266 Other countries 4 FOREIGN TRADE SOURCE: CSB

41 Export Markets for the Main Products of the Forest Sector, 216 (Million EUR) Packaging products Germany 3,51 Netherlands 8,497 6,875 France 6,173 Belgium 5,84 Lithuania 4,11 Denmark 3,482 Italy Estonia 2,44 United Kingdom 2,154 1,77 Sweden 11,48 Other countries SOURCE: CSB FOREIGN TRADE 1 41

42 Export Markets for the Main Products of the Forest Sector, 216 (Million EUR) Firewood Denmark 75,869 Estonia 75,669 United Kingdom 54,236 Sweden 37,64 Turkey 9,5 Italy 8,269 Finland 7,739 Lithuania 6,28 Ireland 4,259 USA 3,873 Other countries 11, FOREIGN TRADE SOURCE: CSB

43 Export Markets for the Main Products of the Forest Sector, 216 (Million EUR) Pulpwood Sweden 47,989 Germany 7,823 Finland 7,311 Lithuania 2,385 Denmark 1,799 Turkey 1,91 Belgium,871 Estonia,717 United Kingdom,267 Italy,234 Other countries,31 SOURCE: CSB FOREIGN TRADE 1 43

44 44 FOREIGN TRADE 11 % 13 % 12 % Round wood export 15 % ,5 % ,6 % % % 1 % % 14 % 1 % % % 13 % % 21 Proportion of Round wood in forest sector export (Million EUR) 25 Other wood products SOURCE: CSB

45 SOURCE: CSB 23 % Sawn logs FOREIGN TRADE 216 3% % % 11 % % % 18 % % % 56 % % % 13 % % % Proportion of sawn logs in Round wood export (Thousand m 3) 5 Round wood export 45

46 Forest sector and society Territories in which recreation is one of the main areas of forest management took up 8% of forestland (293, hectares) in 216. Viewing platforms, educational trails, cultural and historical destinations, areas for picnics those are just a few of the leisure infrastructure objects that are found in Latvia s forests. They are open to one and all at no cost at all. Special attention to improving such areas has been paid to state-owned forests. The areas of recreation-based forestland include national parks (except reserves), nature parks, protected landscape areas, protected dendrology plants, protected geological and geomorphologic monuments, nature parks of local importance, the protected zone of dunes along the shores of the Baltic Sea, protected zones around cities, and forests in the administrative territories of cities. Specially protected natural areas are supervised and managed by the Nature Conservation Agency of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Regional Development. 46 FOREST SECTOR AND SOCIETY

47 Employment in the forest sector (Thousand people) Forestry and forest harvesting (NACE 2) SOURCE: CSB Manufacturing of timber and wood products (NACE 16) Furniture making (NACE 31) FOREST SECTOR AND SOCIETY 47

48 Education Education in the area of the forest sector can be obtained at 17 professional educational institutions, the Forest Faculty of the Latvian Agricultural University (LLU), and the Textile Technology and Design Institute of the Rīga Technical University s Faculty of Material Sciences and Applied Chemistry. The Latvian Chamber of Craftsmanship has offered informal wood processing training sessions taught by experienced craftspeople. Graduates from such programmes receive a craftsman s card or a diploma as an apprentice or master craftsman. Meža fakultāte The total number of students: 597 ( ) 19 new forest sector specialists graduated from the LLU Forest Faculty in 217. In Bachelor's degree programs: 15 Forestry Science 42 Forest Engineering 15 Wood Processing 19 Labour Safety 48 EDUCATION In Master's degree programs: 5 Forest Ecology and Silviculture 5 Forest Economics and Policy 7 Forest Works and Machinery 1 Wood Materials and Technology

49 Vocational schools where an education related to the forest sector can be obtained Aizkraukles Profesionālā vidusskola Smiltenes tehnikuma Alsviķu teritoriālā struktūrvienība Cēsu Profesionālā vidusskola Kandavas Lauksaimniecības tehnikuma Cīravas teritoriālā struktūrvienība Daugavpils Būvniecības tehnikums Priekuļu tehnikuma Ērgļu teritoriālā struktūrvienība Jelgavas Tehnikums Kuldīgas Tehnoloģiju un tūrisma tehnikums Mālpils Profesionālā vidusskola Ogres tehnikums Liepājas Valsts tehnikums Rīgas Tehniskā koledža Rīgas Valsts tehnikums Valmieras tehnikuma Rankas teritoriālā struktūrvienība Rēzeknes tehnikums Rīgas Mākslas un mediju tehnikums Smiltenes tehnikums EDUCATION 49

50 Latvian State Forest Research Institute Silava Research areas: Increase of forest capital value Forest tree breeding, genetics and adaptation (Forest tree breeding; Forest genetics; Tree adaptation to climate change) Silviculture and forest resources (Silviculture and forest growing prognosis; Forest regeneration and establishment) Forest abiotic risks (Forest phytopathology and mycology; Forest entomology) Improvement of tree growth conditions Interaction of forestry and environment factors Transformation of forest ecosystems Forestry influence on forest, wetlands and water ecosystems (Circulation of biogen elements in ecosystems; Interaction of forest and water) Environment factors impact in forest ecosystems (Impact of wind on forest ecosystems; Impact of fire on forest ecosystems; Edafic processes in forest ecosystems) Latvian forest biodiversity in human 5 SCIENCE managed environment Non-timber services Forest energy Carbon removals in forest and non-forest ecosystems Non-timber products Forest social functions and values Agroforestry systems Development of forest techniques Wildlife management Management of forest research support Forest economics Remote sensing of forest and GIS Services of genetic analyses State delegated functions Genetic Resource Centre National forest inventory Accounting of greenhouse gas emissions and CO2 removals Evaluation of improved forest reproductive material from EU states for use in Latvia

51 Latvia University of agriculture Forest faculty Field of activity: Research of forest ecology and forestry The objective is to create and develop ecologically and agronomically reasoned methods and practices for forest restoration, maintenance and use in order to facilitate the creation of productive forest stands of high ecological quality. The main emphasis of the research has been placed on the comprehension of functioning regularities of the forest as an ecosystem, modelling the pace of stand growing and the increase of the growing stock, as well as the assessment of forestry risks in the forest growing process within the forestry cycle. Influence of forest work and machinery on the ecosystem of the forest, assessment of the derived products, and quantitative and qualitative indicators of measurement The objective is to assess the influence of different forest management and logging technologies on the ecosystem of a forest and compliance with forestry requirements, thus ensuring the quality of a forest. When working in the forest, wood products are moved, therefore it is important to determine and qualify the physical and mechanical characteristics of round wood, typical for the region of Latvia, by assessing the forest infrastructure s impact on the forest ecosystem. Forest resource economy and forest management planning The objective is to carry out research in the forestry economy, forest resource calculation and management planning by developing information technology solutions in cooperation with companies of the sector. The quality of forest inventory and the planning methods of forest management have a significant influence on the rational use of forest resources. By improving the quality of forest inventory and the planning of forest management, it is possible to increase the efficiency of the forest resource use and the capital value of the forest by 2.7 times. Research of wood materials and technologies The objective is to ensure the operation of a multi-functional forestry industry that is based on wood resources, where the main precondition in daily use and construction is the competitiveness of the wood products. SCIENCE 51

52 Latvian State Institute of wood chemistry Field of activity: The development of scientifically grounded, environmentally friendly, wasteless technologies for obtaining of competitive materials and products from wood and wood biomass. Forest and Wood Products Research and Development Institute Field of activity: Institute is competence centre for wood material research, products testing and training within forest based sector in Latvia. Working area involves applied research and technology issues of wood and wood based products, forestry logistics, testing required for product conformity attestation according to European and other relevant standards, development of new products and innovation, development and implementation of further training activities, promotion of professional education development. Accredited tests offered by testing laboratory covers determination of physical and mechanical properties of the wood and wood based products, construction material reaction to fire tests required for European classification, furniture strength and durability tests, surface finishing quality tests, solid biofuel tests. THE FOREST RESEARCH STATION, WHICH IS AN AGENCY FOUNDED BY LATVIAN STATE FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE "SILAVA" AND LATVIA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FOREST FACULTY, CONDUCTS SCHOLARLY RESEARCH IN THE AREA OF FOREST MANAGEMENT, ENSURING LONG-TERM AND UNINTERRUPTED RESEARCH IN THIS AREA SCIENCE