COLOUR PLATES. Above left. Figure 1. Location of Bia Conservation Area, Ghana. Source: courtesey of (

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1 COLOUR PLATES See Lavelle: A Test of the Enhanced Vegetation Index as an indicator of human elephant conflict around Bia Conservation Area, Ghana. pp Above left. Figure 1. Location of Bia Conservation Area, Ghana. Source: courtesey of ( Above right. Figure 2. Land cover classification of Bia Conservation Area (BCA) showing locations of crop-raiding incidents recorded in 2004 and 2008, roads and towns, with a 10 km 2 grid overlay. Centre right. Figure 3. Mean Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) values for the Bia Conservation Area (BCA) in 2004 and for each block around the BCA in which cropraiding occurred in 2004 and/or Below right. Figure 4. Mean Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) values for the Bia Conservation Area (BCA) in 2008 and for each block around the BCA in which cropraiding occurred in 2004 and/or Pachyderm No. 59 July 2017 June 2018 i

2 Colour plates See Tighe et al.: Testing amplification from elephant dung using silica-dried swabs. pp Above. Figure 3. Minimum spanning network (Bandelt et al. 1999) for haplotypes found in Kenyan elephants generated using the four sequences from this study in addition to corresponding sequences from Ishida et al. (2013). Each circle is a unique haplotype, with circle size corresponding to number of samples for each haplotype, while colour corresponds to the geographic region from which sequences were obtained. Dotted ovals group together haplotypes belonging the same mtdna subclade. The number of nucleotide differences between haplotypes is indicated by hatch marks in cases where there is more than one nucleotide difference between sequences. The numbers beside certain haplotypes correspond to the study animals as indicated in the legend. See Parker: Uganda: elephants, people and fire in Murchison Falls National Park and north Bunyoro district. pp Below left. Figure 1. Uganda s Bunyoro District and MFNP north of the Victoria Nile showing the land evacuated in 1913 to curtail trypanosomiasis (green hatching) and that part then proclaimed as the Bunyoro-Gulu Game Reserve (purple hatching). Each red dot = 1,000 people from Thomas & Scott (1935). Below right. Figure 2. The contraction of North Bunyoro s elephant range between 1929 and 1967 (from Laws et al. 1975). The red dot is the location from which the sample in Fig. 4 was taken.correspond to the study animals as indicated in the legend. ii Pachyderm No. 59 July 2017 June 2018

3 This page and next see Parker: Uganda: elephants, people and fire in Murchison Falls National Park and north Bunyoro district. pp Above left. Figure 4. A cross-section through a Terminalia bole taken at breast height to reveal the internal scars inflicted by elephant feeding on the bark, which the tree had concealed under new bark until the entire circumference was protected by a layer of corky fire-resistant bark such as the remnant on the left rim. Relating the scars to growth rings presents a historical insight into past elephant use. Centre left. Figure 5. The three ditched Chobe plots about two years after they were established in 1967 just before Spence and Angus (1971) reported on them. Centre right. Figure 6. Ditched Chobe plots established in 1967, photographed here in 1976, nine years later. Below Left. Figure 7. By 2017 Chobe airstrip was now a canyon between trees. The location of the former ditched plots in Figs 5 and 6 are outlined by the yellow rectangle. Pachyderm No. 59 July 2017 June 2018 iii

4 Colour plates Parker: Uganda: elephants, people and fire in Murchison Falls National Park and north Bunyoro district. pp Above left. Figure 8a. The western, southern and eastern borders of MFNP south of the Nile visible from space and demarcated by cultivation in 2017 ( N, E; image from Google Earth). Above right. Figure 8b. A close-up of the MFNP western border demarcated by cultivation ( N, E; image from Google Earth). Below left. Figure 8c. A close up of the MFNP south-eastern corner demarcated by cultivation ( N, E; image from Google Earth) some of which has extended across the border into the park. Below right. Figure 9. The south-western tip of Budongo Forest in 2017 no longer expanding into woodland, but retreating from cultivation and settlement that has removed the woodland and invades the forest ( N, E; image from Google Earth). iv Pachyderm No. 59 July 2017 June 2018

5 See Scrizzi et al.: Urban human-elephant conflict in Zimbabwe: a case study of the mitigation endeavour. pp Above. Figure 1. (a) Hurungwe safari area; (b) Chirundu town master plan; (c) housing development between 2008 and 2016 based on remote sensing data and image interpretation. Google earth V (July 2008 and June 2016), S, E. Eye alt 1.53 km. Image 2018 CNES/Airbus. [March 12, 2018]. Below left. Figure 4. Location and characterization of the elephant incursions (n = 206) recorded by the operator in relation to the distribution of attractants in the area. Pachyderm No. 59 July 2017 June 2018 v

6 Colour plates See Parker. An historical note from Tsavo East National Park: vegetation changes over time. pp Figures clockwise from above right: Figure 2. TENP west of the Aruba block lost its tree cover, but by 1992 was recovering it ( S, E from Google Earth). Figure 3. The Aruba block through the daily dust at the end of 1972 even after rain had fallen as apparent in the water hole mid left side of photo ( S, E from Google Earth). Figure 4. The daily dust storm blown off the bare Tsavo earth at S, E by the strong August and September winds between 1971 and 1975, before vegetation returned (photo by Janet Clark). Figure 5. Woodland along the outside of the TENP southern border photographed in the same year as Figs 3 & 4. Afflicted by the same drought that assailed the entire region, the difference between the photos is that in this one there had been no elephants ( S, E). Figure 6. Aruba Lodge in 2017 on the north shore of Aruba dam, the consequences of protection from elephants and other animals ( S, E from Google Earth). Figure 7. Tsavo East southern border at Maungu 2017, woodland south of the road and rail line where denied to elephants and uncontrolled cattle ( S, E from Google Earth). Figure 9. A 2017 vertical view of the same section of road between Ndii and Voi as that shown in Fig. 6 except that the Commiphora woodland to the right of the road was now largely cultivated ( S, E from Google Earth). vi Pachyderm No. 59 July 2017 June 2018

7 See King and Beer/The Aspinall Foundation. Rhinos, elephants and the Aspinall Foundation: over 30 years of captivebreeding, reintroduction and conservation. pp Above left. Figure 1. John Aspinall with the male Sumatran rhino, Torgamba, at Port Lympne, UK. (Photo courtesy of Amos Courage). Above right. Figure 2. Two eastern black rhinos, Zawadi and Grumeti, sent from Port Lympne to Tanzania in 2012, with one of their calves in (Photo: The George Adamson Wildlife Preservation Trust). See Hawley et al. Conspecific investigation of a deceased forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis). pp Below right. Figure 2. Elephant decay at a) Day 4, b) Day 10 and c) Day 18. Pachyderm No. 59 July 2017 June 2018 vii

8 Colour plates We say farewell to our conservation friends, colleagues and family who have passed away in 2017 and Above left. Esmond Martin (Courtesy of Chryssee Martin). Above right. Alan Root. (Courtesy of Fran Michelmore-Root). Below left. David Shepherd (Courtesy of Becky Thomas). Below right. Krisztián Gyöngyi. See Obituaries on pp viii Pachyderm No. 59 July 2017 June 2018