Conversion of Wood Industry Waste Biomass into Levulinic Acid and Furfural. Katja Lappalainen Kokkola Material Week

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1 Conversion of Wood Industry Waste Biomass into Levulinic Acid and Furfural Katja Lappalainen Kokkola Material Week

2 Bioraff Botnia project (1) Funded by Interreg Botnia Total budget: EUR ( EUR Centria, EUR Chydenius and EUR SP Processum) Project owners: SP Processum AB (Sweden), Centria and Chydenius (Kokkola, Finland) Total three years ( ) 4 work packages related to research WP 1 Furans WP 2 Produc@on of L-arginin from low value fibersludge WP 3 Conversion of lignin into chemicals WP 4 Forest to chemical industry

3 Bioraff Botnia project (2) Applied and industry relevant research and projects Forest raw materials: Forest industries residues, and forestry and sawmill by-products Goal: To help the rise of new industries which can produce products and materials from the forest To provide to strengthen companies in the market by making more and highly-profitable products from the same amount of wood as used today The long-term impact is that by 2020, at least two pulp and paper mills or chemical companies in the region will use more of the wood raw material and have at least two products for sale.

4 WP 1 - Furans Conversion of forest industry residues into pla[orm chemicals, such as furfural and levulinic acid (LA) LA and furfural are both selected as the top 30 biomass-derived pla[orm compounds by the U.S. Department of Energy [1] [1] Werpy, T., Petersen, G., Aden, A., Bozell, J., Holladay, J., White, J., Jones, S., Department of Energy, Washington DC.

5 Levulinic acid pladorm chemical [2] Li, X., Jia, P., Wang, T ACS Catalysis, 6,

6 Furfural pladorm chemical Furfuryl ether 2-MTHF THF THFA Furfural Succinic acid Levulinic Acid 1,5-Pentanediol γ-butyrolactone [2] Li, X., Jia, P., Wang, T ACS Catalysis, 6,

7 Biomass conversion - 3 H2O 5-HMF glucose 2 H2O H+/H2O Cellulose 42 44% Hemicellulose 25 26% Lignin 27 29% Cellulose Hemicellulose Lignin LA + side products like humins 2 H2O H+/H2O - 3 H2O furfural xylose arabinose [2] Li, X., Jia, P., Wang, T ACS Catalysis, 6,

8 Biomass pre-treatment Mechano-catalysis [3] Ball milling ZrO 2 balls Acid catalysis Purpose: Break down the rigid structure of lignocellulosic biomass Increase the accessibility of acid catalyst to cellulose and hemicellulose during the subsequent conversion step [3] Dong, Y., Haverinen, J., Tuukla, T., Jaakkola, M., Leveque, J.-M., Lassi U Biomass and Bioenergy, 102,

9 Biomass conversion Conversion of pre-treated biomass into LA and furfural in microwave reactor Pine sawdust Biphasic was varied Temperature was kept constant Bronsted acid catalyst from pre-treatment step Lewis acid catalyst Furfural in one layer, LA in the other layer Analysis of layers with GC-MS [4] Lappalainen, K., Dong, Y., Lassi, U. Manuscript.

10 Results levulinic acid pre-treatment combined with Lewis acid catalyst during the conversion step greatly enhanced the conversion of pine sawdust into LA LA Typical GC- MS spectrum [4] Lappalainen, K., Dong, Y., Lassi, U. Manuscript.

11 Results furfural Conversion of pine sawdust into furfural benefited greatly from the pre-treatment furfural GC-MS spectrum of the toluene layer [4] Lappalainen, K., Dong, Y., Lassi, U. Manuscript.

12 Summary pre-treatment of pine sawdust was combined with in microwave reactor during the biomass conversion step Pre-treatment greatly enhanced the conversion of pine sawdust into LA and furfural Microwave greatly reduced of the conversion Lewis acid catalyst also enhanced the LA yield

13 Bioraff Botnia Thank you! Project partners: