4/15/2015. Herbicides & Southern Pine Forests Michelle Isenberg

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1 Herbicides & Southern Pine Forests Michelle Isenberg 1

2 Why control hardwoods? The Forest Life Cycle Pre Harvest Treatment Mid Rotation Release Woody Release Site Preparation Stand Establishment Herbaceous Weed Control Emerging Growth Established Growth Mature Growth 2

3 Applications Area for Crew? Site Prep Tract Treated & Burned Untreated Traditional Site Prep 3

4 Treated & Burned Treated & No Burn 4

5 Un-treated Buffer Un-treated Treated Kudzu Tract Treated 2010 Treated 2011 To Be Treated 2012 Planted Longleaf Kudzu SMZ Kudzu Kudzu Before: Map After: Photo 5

6 Example of the Drip Line of a Hardwood Tree Drip Line Potential Area for Damage Site Prep Considerations Species Terrain Property Lines Canopy Aerial Helicopter GPA 6

7 Ground Skidder GPA Ground ATV 5 10GPA 7

8 May 17, 2002 Conifer Release Conifer Release Early Pine Release Burn-Plant-Release Mid-Rotation Release Increase wildlife habitat C&S Wildlife Services BASF 8

9 Site Prep with Herbaceous Weed Control Sprayed: October 2014, Planted: January 2015, IFCO Container Longleaf Treated Untreated 9

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11 Herbicide Application Fall Spring 1 2 Yrs After Application Prescribed fire Spring Toxicity of Common Products Product Oral LD 50 Table Sugar 29,700 Arsenal >5,000 Round Up >5,000 Aspirin 1,000 Caffeine 192 Nicotine 53 LD 50: the dose required to kill half the members of a tested population: kg/mg 11

12 Commonly Used Aminopyralid (Milestone) Foliar & Soil Active Growth Regulator Half Life 34 days Toxicity: LD 50 > 5000mg/kg Commonly Used Glyphosate (RoundUp) Foliar Inhibits synthesis of Amino Acids Half Life 47 days Toxicity: LD 50 > 5000mg/kg Imazapyr(Arsenal) Foliar & Soil Active Inhibits synthesis of Amino Acids Half Life 27 days Toxicity: LD 50 > 5000mg/kg Metsulfuron (Escort) Foliar & Soil Active Inhibits synthesis of Amino Acids Half Life 30 days Toxicity: LD 50 > 5000mg/kg Sulfometuron (Oust) Foliar & Soil Active Inhibits synthesis of Amino Acids Half Life days Toxicity: LD 50 > 5000mg/kg Triclopyr (Garlon) Foliar Only Growth regulator not specifically known Half Life 30 days Toxicity: LD 50 > 5000mg/kg Common Household Products Auto related cleaning products: Danger! Bleach Danger! Drain openers Danger! All purpose cleaners: Danger! Caution or Warning Ammonia Warning Window cleaners Caution Dish soaps Caution Dishwashing detergents Warning Floor cleaners Caution Carpet cleaners Caution Spot & stain removers Caution Clothing detergents Caution Tub & tile cleaners Danger! Soap scum removers Caution Mildew stain removers Warning Toilet bowl cleaners Warning Deodorants Warning Shampoos Caution Wart removers Warning Shaving creams Warning Facial & acne cleansers Caution Insecticides Caution or Warning Lice shampoos Caution Insect repellants Caution Flea and tick shampoos Warning Ant & roach killers Caution Economics Loblolly Pine Rotation No Herbicide Year Activity Cost / AC. 0 Mechanical Site $100 1 Planting $70 15 Thin 22 Harvest 12

13 Loblolly Pine Rotation Herbicide Year Activity Cost / AC. 0 One-Step Site Preparation $101 1 Planting $70 1 Arsenal + Oust Herbaceous $65 15 Thin 16 Arsenal Mid-Rotation Release $87 22 Harvest $30 Application included in all treatments An Example of Loblolly Pine Financial Returns No Herbicide Applications $163,086 Thin + Harvest $17,000 Reforestation Cost $65,130 Taxes + Fees $80,956 Net Income Three Herbicide Applications $351,168 Thin + Harvest $32,325 Reforestation Cost $130,959 Taxes + Fees $187,884 Net Income Source: University of Georgia Growth & Yield Model, 2001 An Example of Loblolly Pine Financial Returns No Herbicide Applications $80,956 Net Income 8.2% Rate of Return 82% Hardwood Competition 4,200 Tons Pulpwood 2,600 Tons Chip N Saw 1,100 Tons Sawtimber Three Herbicide Applications $187,884 Net Income 11.5% Rate of Return 2% Hardwood Competition 8,600 Tons Pulpwood 6,000 Tons Chip N Saw 2,200 Tons Sawtimber Source: University of Georgia Growth & Yield Model,