CASE STUDY OF HYBRID ASPEN, POPLAR GROWTH AND WILLOW YIELDS DURING FIVE YEAR ROTATION Dr.silv. Dagnija Lazdiņa with support of

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1 25th Session and 48th Executive Committee Meeting of the International Poplar Commission "Poplars and Other Fast-Growing Trees - Renewable Resources for Future Green Economies" Berlin, Germany, 14 September 2016 CASE STUDY OF HYBRID ASPEN, POPLAR GROWTH AND WILLOW YIELDS DURING FIVE YEAR ROTATION Dr.silv. Dagnija Lazdiņa with support of Toms Sarkanabols, Arta Bardule, Martins Zeps, Aris Jansons, Andis Bardulis, Andis Lazdins Latvian State Forest Research institute Silava Forest regeneration and establishment & Forest breeding & Forest operations research groups

2 Introduction - legal frame Forest law : Forest an ecosystem in all stages of its development, dominated by trees the height of which at the particular location may reach at least seven five meters and the present or potential projection of the crown of which is at least 20 per cent of the area occupied by the forest stand; and ) forest land is land covered by forest, land under forest infrastructure facilities, as well as adjacent overflowing clearings, marshes and glades (Forest law). Law on Agriculture and Rural Development: Agriculture an economic sector that ensures the production of agricultural products and the provision of services related thereto; and rural development production of non-agricultural products in a rural territory, as well as the provision of services related to the utilization of water and land resources and the upkeep of the countryside.

3 11,39 13,69 19,95 31,9 46,86 187,76 369,89 611,76 549,59 CAP and SRC Statistics: AREA (HA) OF CAP SUPPORTED FOR SRC Alnus incana. Populus sp. Salix.sp Area of managed farmland (thousands ha) Limitations: Agriculture land short rotation coppice rotation period below 15 years (Salix sp., Populus sp., Alnus incana); but CAP for 5 year rotation; Agroforestry systems not defined in Latvia rules; And... abandoned agriculture land...could be registered as plantation forest*, fits to definition of forest. *plantation forest forest stands established through afforestation (natural or human made), intended for specific purposes and registered in the State Forest Register - no restriction for felling dimensions or age.

4 Material - Populus sp. and Willows sp. Design of experiment ( ) Reproductive material used: Willows: Salix energi clones: Sven, Klara, Inger, Tora, Lisa, Stina, Gudrun Local planting material- S.burjatica (Mix of clones Monika and Visvaldis) S.viminalis, S.smithensis, S.purpurea; Poplars: AF 2 AF 6 AF 7 AF 8 Aspens: Populus tremula & tremuloides (clone No 4 and 28)

5 Material - Populus sp. and Willows sp.

6 poplars Size of «trees» - height, m apens willows scrubs

7 poplars Size of «trees» - diameter at 1.3 m, cm apens willows scrubs

8 Moisture content, % Apens & poplars willows scrubs

9 willow Yield of willows (T DM /ha) and rotation period scrubs

10 Yield of Populus (T DM /ha) at 5 year rotation period Biomass Planted 6000/ha Hight mortality 800/ha

11 Just willows have reasonable yields for 5 year rotation period - 5 years old roots and 5 (no harvest), 4 (harvest after first year), 3 (harvest at second year) have similar yields t dry mass from ha. Yield 1-6 t dry mass/ha is too low to cultivate Populus sp. at 5 year rotation cycle despite of CAP for 5 year rotation restrictions. One of most productive clone Tora have significantly lower moisture as an others «-»6%