Natura 2000 forest habitats of the "Runcu-Groși" Nature Reserve

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1 Volume 20(4), , 2016 JOURNAL of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology Natura 2000 forest habitats of the "Runcu-Groși" Nature Reserve Merce O. 1*, Turcu D. O. 1 1 National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry Marin Drăcea * Corresponding author. oliver_merce@yahoo.com Abstract The European Directive regarding the conservation of the natural habitats and the species of wild flora and fauna (92/43/EEC), known as the Habitats Directive, adopted in 1992, has as purpose the designation of sites of Community importance. The major objective of the pan-european Natura 2000 network is to establish a favourable status of conservation for the habitats and species of Community interest. In this regard, the Habitats Directive indicates only the intended objective, without recommending concrete measures of conservation/management of the species and habitats of Community interest from the sites. The Runcu Groși Nature Reserve is included in the site ROSCI0070 Drocea, within the Reserve being found three types of forest habitats of Community interest: 9130 Asperulo-Fagetum beech, 9170 Galio- Carpinetum oak-hornbeam and 91Y0 Dacian oak & hornbeam. Key words Forest habitats, Natura 2000, 9130, 9170, 91Y0, Runcu Groși Forests are an important component of the European nature. They represent the habitat which sustains the largest number of species from the continent. The distinctive character of the of the European forest ecosystems is described by the fact that many species of trees, plants and animals are limited to the European continent [1, 6]. The Natura 2000 network is not a system of Nature Reserves where the human activities are systematically excluded. This network is based on the principle of sustainable development, the human activities within Natura 2000 being undertaken in a way which protects the species and the types of habitats for which the site was designated [1, 6]. The Runcu Groși Nature Reserve is part of the site of Community importance ROSCI0070 Drocea. Material and Method In order to establish the equivalence of the forest types with the forest habitats of Community importance from the Runcu Groși Nature Reserve, it was used a series of scientific publications:,,interpretation Manual of European Union Habitats [8],,, Interpretation manual of the Natura 2000 habitats from Romania (in Romanian: Manual de interpretare a habitatelor Natura 2000 din Romania) [4],,,Habitats of Romania (in Romanian: Habitatele din Romania) [3],,,Types of forest ecosystems of Romania (in Romanian: Tipuri de ecosisteme forestiere din Romania) [2],,,Types of forest of Romania (in Romanian: Tipuri de pădure din Romania) [5]. The map of distribution of Natura 2000 forest habitats was made using the software ArcGIS 9 [9]. Results The forest habitat types of Community importance have a more general character than the Romanian typological units (the forest types), which leads to the fact that the equivalence is not 1 : 1 (for each forest habitat of Community importance coresponds to one or more forest types) [1] (Table 1). Within the mentionned Reserve, after the equivalence wasundertaken, they resulted three types of forest habitats of Community importance: Asperulo-Fagetum beech (122 ha 47% of the Reserve s surface), Galio-Carpinetum (24,2 ha 9% of the Reserve s surface) and 91Y0 - Dacian oak & hornbeam (114,7 ha 44% of the Reserve s surface) (fig. 1). The conservation status of these hábitats is considered to be favourable because the regeneration process takes place naturally (from seeds), the stands have in composition autochthonous tree species which correspond to the natural forest types (there are no degraded stands or stands with altered composition), there are large quantities of dead wood, which favors to maintain high biodiversity, there are no forest harvesting operations undertaken, within the Reserve there are no construction works which could affect the forest habitats. 140

2 Fig. 1 - Map of the Natura 2000 forest habitat types from Runcu Groși Nature Reserve 141

3 Table 1 Equivalence of the forest habitats of Community interest with the habitats of Romania and the forest types used in the Romanian forest typology, habitats from the Runcu Groși Nature Reserve [1, 7] Habitats Directive Code 9130 Name Managem ent unit (subparcel) Asperulo- Fagetum beech Correspon dence with Palearctic Habitats Medio- European neutrophile beech Correspondence with Habitats of Romania Habitats of Romania (Donițã et al) Gafta & Mountford Code Name Code Vegetal associations Pãduri dacice de fag (Fagus sylvatica) ºi carpen (Carpinus betulus) cu Dentaria bulbifera R4118 R4118 Carpino-Fagetum Paucã 1941; Galio schultesii-fagetum (Burduja et al. 1973) Chifu et ªtefan 1994; Lathyro veneti-fagetum (Dobrescu et Kovács 1973) Chifu Forest types 4211 Ecosystem types Surface Code Code ha 107A 8,5 Total Galio- Carpinetum Wood bedstraw Mixed lime R4123 Pãduri dacice de gorun (Quercus petraea), fag (Fagus sylvatica) ºi carpen (Carpinus betulus) cu Carex pilosa R4123 Carici pilosae-carpinetum Neuhäusl et Neuhäuslova- Novotna 1964 (syn.: Dentario bulbiferae - Quercetum petraeae Resmeriþã (1974) 1975, Carici pilosae-carpinetum Chifu 1995, Carici pilosae- Quercetum petraeae typicum Sanda et Popescu 1999). Total 24, A 99A 100A 100D 101A 101D 102A 103A 104A 105A 106A 98C 101B 103B 103C 103D 103E 104C 104E 19 22,3 7,9 7,3 6,9 0,3 12, ,7 5,6 4,4 3,6 13,2 0,9 0,6 2,9 1,6 142

4 Pãduri getice dacice de gorun (Quercus petraea) cu Dentaria bulbifera 98B 99B 100B 100C 101C 102B ,9 17,6 12,4 4,2 91Y0 Dacian oak & hornbeam 41.2C Southeastern European R C 104B 104D 104F 105C 106C 1,8 1,1 8,4 0,4 18,6 1,8 106D 8,5 107B C 1,2 105B 0,5 106B 5,8 106E 0,5 Total 114,7 143

5 Conclusions 3.Doniţă et al Habitatele din Romania, Editura Tehnica Silvica, Bucuresti. Within the,,runcu Groși Nature Reserve, three forest 4.Gafta habitats D,. of Community Mountford O. importance Manual were found: de interpretare Galio-Carpinet favourable. a habitatelor Natura 2000 din Romania, Editura Risoprint, Cluj Napoca. References 5.Paşcovschi, S., Leandru, V., Tipuri de pãdure din R.P.R., Editura Agro-Silvicã de Stat, Bucureşti. 1.Biriș, I., A., Merce, O., Stabilirea măsurilor de xxx - The 2K Group European Economic Interest management pentru habitatele forestiere de interes Group, Scoping document on and Natura comunitar incluse în sit-urile Natura 2000, Referat științific, București. xxx Amenajamentul Unităţii de Producţie IV Groşi - 2.Doniţă, N., Chiriţă, C., Stănescu, V., Tipuri de anii ecosisteme forestiere din România. Centrul de material didactic şi propagandă agricolă. Redacţia de propagandă tehnică- agricolă, Bucureşti. 144