The hydrologic implications of oldfield succession: Depression storage and leaf litter

Transcription

1 The hydrologic implications of oldfield succession: Depression storage and leaf litter Paul Richards 1, Brenda Lin 2 & Mark Norris 3 1 Dept. of Earth Sciences, The College at Brockport SUNY 2 The Earth Institute, Columbia University 3 Dept. of Environmental Science & Biology, The College at Brockport SUNY Acknowledgements New York State Water Resources Institute SUNY Brockport Scholarly Incentive Grant Program Derek Corbett, Tim Daniluk, Ryan Grimm, David Cannon, & Douglas Dunn Property owners & managers

2 Depression storage Important factor governing water flow in the landscape including: Erosion potential Infiltration Overland runoff Also incorporated as a parameter in several popular hydrologic models: SWMM, WEPP.

3 Theoretical investigations of relationships with: Roughness Tortuosity Slope Depression storage Abundant field data for crop fields, but very little data for natural land uses

4 Depression storage Ideal storage Effective storage

5 Vegetation & depression storage During oldfield succession, how does vegetation influence microrelief development? Hypotheses: Microrelief, depression storage, & plant litter increase over succession Land use management reduces microrelief & depression storage

6 13 sites representing: urban grassland Successional oldfield Successional shrubland Mature woodland and Immature pine forest Swamp wetland Study sites Forested wetland 3 locations had multiple sites with uniform soils and slopes

7 Study sites

8 Methods: Roughness clinometer Slope angle Used to determine: Slope Ideal depression storage Effective depression storage Tortuosity Surface roughness

9 Methods: Roughness clinometer Rough4.exe Available at VORTEX.ESC.BROCKPORT.EDU\~PRICHARD

10 Methods: Plant cover

11 Methods: Plant litter

12 Methods: Plant litter

13 Plant cover Vegetation survey Granoids Forbes Shrubs Trees Bareground Moss G-5 G-9 G-1 H-12 H-4 H-2 H-8 S-13 S-6 F-11 F-3 F-7 W-10 W-14 Site ID Tree Abundance log (Trees/area) log (Basal area/area) No trees No trees G-5 G-9 G-1 H-12 H-4 H-2 H-8 S-13 S-6 F-11 F-3 F-7 W-10 W-14 Northham urban Park grassland Rush urban Residential grassland Campus Urban grassland Tower Succ. oldfield Northham Succ. oldfield Honeoye Falls succ. oldfield Rush Mowed Succ. oldfield Tower Succ. shrubland Powerline Succ. shrubland Tower Forest Northham Forest Rush Immature Pineforest Swamp Rd Emergant wetland Verinesi Forested wetland

14 RESULTS SUCCESSION

15 Swamp-ideal Results Campus grass ideal Rush Mowed Herb NH herb ideal Tower herb ideal HF herb ideal tower forest ideal NH forest ideal Forest wetland ideal NH grass ideal Ideal depression storage for all sites Oldfield succession Rush Grass ideal Ideal depression storage (mm)

16 Results

17 Results 6 81% increase in effective storage area after 33 years Effective Depression Storage (mm) 5 4 mm Rush mowed weeds e Rush Pine Forest e

18 Results Ideal Depression Storage mm NH mowed grass NH meadow

19 Results Ideal Depression Storage mm Tower meadow Tower shrubland Tower Woods

20 Effective depression storage for grassland, successional oldfield and forest Normal - 95% CI Percent Variable All Urban Grass eff All herb eff All forest eff Effective depression storage (mm) 60

21 Effective depression storage-slope relationships

22 Conclusions Effective and Ideal Depression storage does increase along the oldfield succession continuimn Plant litter increases with succession but contributes little to depression storage. Ideal depression storage values are 5.8, 11.1, 11.4, 14.3 and 22.6 for urban turf, suc. oldfield, suc. shrubland, forest and forested wetland respectively Mowing appears to retard the natural development of microtopography that occurs during vegetation growth FULL LENGTH MANUSCRIPT AVAILABLE!!!! contact