Compatibility of Insecticides and Biocontrol for Managing EAB in Urban Environments

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1 Compatibility of Insecticides and Biocontrol for Managing EAB in Urban Environments Juli Gould & Gericke Cook USDA-APHIS-PPQ Melissa Fierke and Michael Jones SUNY-ESF John Kaltenbach Colorado Department of Agriculture Fredric Miller The Morton Arboretum

2 Integrating Biocontrol and Insecticide Treatments in Urban Areas Can systemic insecticides save large ash trees while parasitoid populations establish, disperse, and increase? Will suppression of EAB populations allow parasitoids to increase more quickly relative to their host? Can we eventually cease using insecticides because biocontrol agents and native natural enemies will cause sufficient EAB mortality?

3 Why this Might Work Tetrastichus planipennisi and Oobius agrili are establishing in many states and are dispersing from their release sites Insecticides can be very effective at keeping ash trees alive even in areas of high EAB density.

4 Why this Might Work EAB populations reach a peak and decline at the same time that percentage parasitism by native parasitoids, T. planipennisi, and O. agrili are increasing. Woodpeckers continue to find and remove ca. 40% of mature EAB larvae even as EAB density declines.

5 EAB IPM - SITES Syracuse NY Naperville IL Boulder CO Three Treatments of 50 trees each: Insecticides Indefinitely Insecticides + Biocontrol Insecticides stopped after parasitoids established Biocontrol Only

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7 GREEN VALLEY FOREST PRESERVE DuPage County, Illinois

8 Yellow Pan Trap (YPT) Data Collection Yellow pan traps (YTP s) deployed every 250 m (750 ft) in grid pattern in both release and control plots Trap contents collected weekly from mid-may to mid-september Parasitoids sent to Dr. Julie Gould for positive ID

9 Ash Tree Condition Assessment Ratings Ash tree condition assessments conducted annually on all study trees (1=Full crown to 5=Tree dead) Data collected data on signs of EAB infestation (crown class, epicormic branching, and woodpecker foraging)

10 OVERALL ASH TREE CONDITION RATINGS OVER TIME FOR ALL STUDY TREES AT CONTROL AND RELEASE SITES Naperville, Illinois SITE # OF TREES 2015 TREE CONDITION 2016 TREE CONDITION CONTROL SITE: ALL STUDY TREES a 2.21b Significance: P<0.001 RELEASE SITE: ALL STUDY TREES a 2.11b Signficance: P<0.001

11 LOCATION ASH TREE CONDITION RATINGS WITHIN YEARS FOR CONTROL AND RELEASE SITES Naperville, Illinois # OF TREES DBH (cm.) Control Site Treated Trees-Long Term a 2.25ab 34.5b Control Site Treated Trees-Short Term a 2.04a 40.1b Control Site Untreated Trees b 2.65b 20.8a Significance: (P<0.05) F=20.5; P<0.001 F=3.7; P=0.027 F=40.6; P<0.001 Release Site Treated Trees-Long Term a 1.48a 37.6b Release Site Treated Trees-Short Term a 1.31a 37.8b Release site Untreated Trees b 3.78b 24.1a Significance: (P<0.05) F=9.0; P<0.001 F=140.5; P<0.001 F=32.7; P<0.001

12 ASH TREE CONDITION RATINGS OVER TIME FOR CONTROL AND RELEASE SITES Naperville, Illinois LOCATION # OF TREES Significance (P<0.05) Overall Control Site Treated Untreated Trees a 2.21b P<0.001 Control Site Treated Trees-Long Term a 2.25b P<0.001 Control Site Treated Trees-Short Term a 1.99b P<0.001 Control Site Untreated Trees b 2.64b P<0.001 Overall Release Site Treated-Untreated Trees a 2.11b P<0.001 Release Site Treated Trees-Long Term a 1.48a NS Release Site Treated Trees-Short Term a 1.31a NS Release site Untreated Trees a 3.78b P<0.001 Means across rows followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P<0.05). NS-Non-Significant

13 CONDITION RATINGS FOR YELLOW PAN TRAP TREES OVER TIME Naperville, Illinois LOCATION # OF TREES Significance DBH YPT Control Site Trees a 2.97a NS 8.2a YPT Release Site Trees a 3.21b P< a Means across rows followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P<0.05). NS-Non-Significant

14 NUMBER AND DBH OF TREATED TREES IN CONTROL AND RELEASE PLOTS Syracuse, New York 2016 Plot Treatment Count of Trees Mean DBH Control Cont. Treatment (± 1.74) Treated (± 1.89) Release Cont. Treatment (± 1.89) Treated (± 2.04)

15 CHANGE IN NUMBER OF TREES IN EACH CROWN CLASS FOR UNTREATED TREES Syracuse, New York Change in Crown Class of Untreated Trees Number of Trees Control Release Control Release

16 CHANGE IN CROWN CLASS OF UNTREATED TREES FOR BOTH RELEASE AND CONTROL PLOTS Syracuse, New York Year Plot Count of Trees Mean DBH Mean Crown Class 2015 Control (±2.84) 1.22 (± 0.14) 1 Trees Exhibiting Symptoms Release (± 4.03) 2.54 (± 0.26) Control (± 2.97) 2.23 (± 0.29) 7 Release (± 4.09) 3.61 (± 0.29) 20

17 PARASITOID RELEASE DATES AND NUMBER RELEASED Naperville, Illinois 2015 and 2016 SITE 2015 RELEASE PERIOD RELEASE PERIOD Tetrastichus planipennisi 2,300 9 June 7 July 1 15 September Spathius galinae June and 18 August (200 per release date) Oobius agrili 1, July 4 August (300 released weekly) Totals 3,900 3,961 2,412 1 June 30 June August and 29 June 1, July 17 August (200 released weekly)

18 PARASITOID RELEASE DATES AND NUMBER RELEASED Syracuse, New York 2015 and 2016 SITE 2015 RELEASE PERIOD RELEASE PERIOD Tetrastichus planipennisi 1, May 11 June (weekly) 6 August 3 September 1, May 24 June 12 August 9 September Spathius galinae June June and 18 August Oobius agrili 1,800 2 July 6 August (300 released weekly) Totals 3,900 2, July 12 August

19 PARASITOID RELEASE DATES AND NUMBER RELEASED Boulder, Colorado 2015 SITE 2014 RELEASE PERIOD Tetrastichus planipennisi 2,900 September - October Spathius galinae August Oobius agrili 1,200 June mid July (200 released weekly) Totals 4,700

20 YELLOW PAN TRAP (YPT) PARASITOID RECOVERY OVER TIME Naperville, Illinois, Syracuse, New York, and Boulder, Colorado 2015 AND 2016 SITE PARASITOID SPECIES Naperville, IL Control Site T. planipennisi 17 (6 YPT s) 5 (3 YPT s) Release Site T. planipennisi 6 (4 YPT s) 6 (3 YPT s) Totals Syracuse, NY Control Site None Recovered 0 0 Release Site T. planipennisi 8 (5 YPT s) 14 (14 YPT s) S. galinae 0 1 Totals 8 15 Boulder, CO None Recovered 0 0

21 PARASITOID RECOVERY Naperville, Illinois Furthest distance of approximately 1.5 miles (2.5 km) from release site Parasitoid recoveries are in similar areas for 2015 and 2016

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23 PARASITOID RECOVERY Syracuse, NY 2016 T. planipennisi: recovered in 14 release plot traps with the furthest distance of 1.5 miles (2.5 km) One Spathius galinae female was recovered 250 m (750 ft) from release point No parasitoids were recovered in control plot

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25 BRANCH SAMPLING Naperville, Illinois Fall, trees from control plot for each treatment group were sampled (Total=45 trees) 15 trees from release plot for each treatment group were sampled (Total = 45 trees) Two, 3-4 foot long branch samples were taken from mid-canopy of each tree (Total = 180 branch samples) Basal 20 inches of each branch sample was peeled and examined for evidence of: EAB galleries Parasitized larvae Parasitoids

26 PARASITOID REARING FROM BRANCH SAMPLES Naperville, Illinois Fall, 2015 Unpeeled, 10 inch long branch sections, with evidence of EAB larvae and/or parasitism, were placed in plastic rearing containers Containers were covered in cheese cloth and held at room temperature Examined weekly for evidence of EAB and parasitoid adult emergence

27 BRANCH SAMPLING RESULTS Naperville, Illinois Fall, 2015 Release Plot Five (5) trees had branch samples with Tets parasitism evident Control Plot Five (5) trees had branch samples with Tets parasitism evident 32 adult Tets parasitoids were reared from one branch sample taken from release site

28 Summary Early results are promising with Tetrastichus establishing and dispersing within two field seasons Plans are to continue sampling for several more years

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