ESA s Activities and Perspective for Global Land Cover Monitoring

Transcription

1 ESA s Activities and Perspective for Global Land Cover Monitoring - Status of Sentinels -1, -2 and -3 and EE7 - EO Application projects and initiatives Frank Martin Seifert, ESA Earth Observation Programme GOFC-GOLD Symposium, Wageningen, 15 April 2013 Slide 1

2 GMES Sentinel Missions Sentinel 1 SAR imaging All weather, day/night applications, interferometry 2013 (A), (B) Sentinel 2 Multispectral imaging Land applications: urban, forest, agriculture,.. Continuity of Landsat, SPOT 2014 (A), (B) Sentinel 3 Ocean and global land monitoring Wide-swath ocean colour, vegetation, sea/land surface temperature, altimetry 2014 (A), (B) Sentinel 4 Geostationary atmospheric Atmospheric composition monitoring, transboundary pollution 2018 Sentinel 5 and Precursor Low-orbit atmospheric Atmospheric composition monitoring 2014 (5P), 2019 Free and open data policy! We care for a safer world

3 Sentinel 1: C-band SAR mission GMES C-band radar imaging mission for ocean, land and emergency services Data continuity of ERS and ENVISAT missions Applications: monitoring sea ice zones and the arctic environment surveillance of marine environment (e.g. oil spill monitoring) maritime security (e.g. ship detection) wind, wave, current monitoring monitoring of land surface motion (subsidence, landslide, tectonics, volcanoes, etc.) support to emergency / risk management (e.g. flooding, etc.) and humanitarian aid in crisis situations mapping of land surfaces: forest, water and soil, agriculture, etc. The Sentinel-1 mission is based on a constellation of 2 satellites Sentinel-1A to be launched in October 2013 Sentinel-1B launch date is (TBC) We care for a safer world

4 Sentinel-1 SAR Modes 19 o 46 o Sentinel-1 SAR can be operated in 4 exclusive imaging modes with different resolution and coverage: Mode Rate SAR Mode 30 o 45 o High Bit Rate (HBR) IW EW SM (S1 S6) Low Bit Rate (LBR) WV 19 o 46 o Polarisation schemes for IW, EW and SM: - single polarisation: HH or VV - dual polarisation: HH+HV or VV+VH 23 o For Wave mode: HH or VV 36 o For all of these operating modes, the same family of core products is available to the users 4 Slide 4

5 Sentinel 2: Multispectral Optical Mission 2 satellites in twin formation, launch Oct 2014 (and 2015) Orbit: Sun-synchronous at 786 km (14+3/10 revs/day), with LTDN 10:30 AM Revisit: 5 days at equator (with 2 satellites) under same viewing conditions; Multispectral Instrument: pushbroom with 13 bands in the visible, near infra-red (VNIR) and short wave infra-red (SWIR) part of the spectrum High spatial resolution: 10m, 20m and 60m; Wide field of view: 290 km Duty cycle: average 17 min/orbit, maximum 32 min /orbit Lifetime: 7.25 years, extendable to 12 years Onboard mission data storage: 2.4 Tbits Geographical Coverage: All land masses 56 S bis 83 N incl. major islands (>100 km 2 ) All EU islands < 20 km off the coast All Mediterranean Inland waters and all closed seas We care for a safer world

6 Sentinel 2: 13 Spectral Bands VNIR SWIR VIS NIR SWIR Visible B1 B9 B10 60 m Aerosols Water-vapour Cirrus B5 B7 B8a Snow / ice / cloud discrimination 20 m Vegetation Red-edge B6 B11 B12 10 m Continuity with SPOT5 multispectral 400 nm B2 B3 B4 B8 600 nm 800 nm 1000 nm 1200 nm 1400 nm 1600 nm 1800 nm 2000 nm 2200 nm 2400 nm We care for a safer world

7 Sentinel-3: Instrument payload OPTICAL MISSION PAYLOAD SLSTR nadir: 1420km Offset westward from nadir SLSTR oblique: 750 km Centred at nadir OLCI: 1270 km Westward inclination to avoid sunglint; Fully within SLSTR nadir and oblique swath TOPOGRAPHY MISSION PAYLOAD SRAL: > 2km Centred at nadir and fully within SLSTR and OLCI swath MWR: 20 km Centred at nadir and fully co-located with SRAL 1420 km SLSTR (nadir) 750 km SLSTR (oblique) 1270 km OLCI SRAL and MWR track Slide 7

8 Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) comparison to MERIS Pushbroom Imaging Spectrometer (VIS-NIR) MERIS Heritage (general design and radiometric performance) Key Improvements: number of spectral bands (from 15 to 21) reduced sun glint by camera tilt in west direction 300m over over all land/ocean surfaces Calibration applied in ground segment improved characterisation, e.g., straylight, BRDF, spectral calibration camera overlap data provided to users improved coverage Ocean < 4 days, Land < 3 days (MERIS eff. 15 days) Timeliness: 3 hours NRT Level 2 product 100% overlap with SLSTR Baltic bloom, MERIS 11 July => improved L2 products (e.g., Cla, PFTs, HAB, Transparency, TSM, Turbidity, NDVI, MGVI, MTCI, fapar, LAI)

9 Sentinel-3 Revisit time and coverage Key elements of the Sentinel-3 mission are: Topography Mission: ground track repeatability, dense spatial sampling Ocean Colour (Sun-glint free, day only) Optical Mission: Short Revisit times for optical payload, even with 1 single satellite Revisit at Equator Revisit for latitude > 30 1 Satellite < 3.8 days < 2.8 days 2 Satellites < 1.9 days < 1.4 days Spec. < 2 days Land Colour (day only) 1 Satellite < 2.2 days < 1.8 days 2 Satellites < 1.1 day < 0.9 day < 2 days Ground tracks after 1 complete cycle (27 days) S3A & S3B SLSTR dual view (day and night) 1 Satellite < 1.9 days < 1.5 days 2 Satellites < 0.9 day < 0.8 day < 4 days Near-Real Time (< 3 hr) availability of the L2 products Slow Time Critical (STC) (1 to 2 days) delivery of higher quality products for assimilation in models (e.g. SSH, SST) Slide 9

10 Earth Explorer biomass - recommended Candidate for Earth Explorer 7 i.e. launching a P-band radar satellite 2019 After the User Consultation Meeting in Graz on 5-6 April 2013, the mission candidate biomass was recommended by ESAC to become ESA s 7th Earth Explorer Final decision will be taken by PBEO in May 2013

11 biomass payload The P-band (435 MHz, ~69 cm wavelength) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has full polarimetric and multi-pass interferometric capabilities The signal bandwidth is 6 MHz, a maximum allowed by the frequency spectrum allocation (ITU) The SAR has a single antenna beam and operates in a simple stripmap mode with successive switching after each orbit cycle over to three swath positions through satellite-roll Incidence and roll angles (Concept B) Inc. mid-swath Roll Swath Swath Swath Beam pointing direction Satellite roll Orbit

12 biomass product requirements Forest biomass Forest height Disturbances Above-ground biomass (tons/hectare) Upper canopy height (meter) Areas of forest clearing (hectare) 200 m resolution 1 map every 6 months global coverage of forested areas accuracy of 20%, or 10 t ha 1 for biomass < 50 t ha m resolution 1 map every 6 months global coverage of forested areas accuracy of 20-30% 50 m resolution 1 map every 6 months global coverage of forested areas 90% classification accuracy

13 EO Applications Forestry, Land Cover, Agriculture, Biomass

14 GSE FM REDD Extension 3 rd Phase Overall Aim: Set up a pre-operational system for monitoring forest cover and forest changes within the REDD framework Priority User Organisations: Gabon Republic of Congo: Ministry of Sustainable Development, Forest Economy and Environment Republic of Congo Gabon: Gabonese Agency for Space Observations and Studies (AGEOS) Page 14

15 Services and Products Forest Cover Mapping Forest/non-forest maps for 1990, 2000 and 2010 MMU: 1 ha Geometric accuracy: +/-30 m Thematic accuracy: 90% Forest Cover Change Mapping Deforestation maps for the period: and IPCC compliant land cover classification of deforested areas (cropland, grassland, settlement, wetland and other land use) Capacity Building Remote sensing and GIS training (forest maps for REDD) Development of local technical capacity (field survey, ) REDD sensitization and MRV workshops Page 15

16 Mapping Forests in Gabon Forest Cover Map of Gabon in Shifting agriculture Deforestation Reforestation Logging roads

17 Cameroon: Forest Change (Horizon-1c) GAF, 2010

18 Global Forest Observation Initiative

19 Global Forest Observation Initiative GFOI Objectives: to foster sustained availability of satellite and ground observation in support of national forest information systems to support countries in the use of observations for their national forest information systems Co-leads: Australia (CSIRO, DCCEE) Norway (NSC) USA (USGS) FAO CEOS (ESA, NSC, USGS) FCT National Demonstrators Background GlobCover 2008 Establishment of GEO FCT task FCT demonstration based on NDs 2010 GFOI Concept plan 2011 GFOI Implementation plan 2012 GFOI Start-Up Phase 2013 Commencement of operations phase Operations Phase

20 GFOI Components Methods and Guidance Documentation (Australia lead) Coordinated approach with writing leads, external review and approval Coordination of satellite data supply (CEOS lead) Space Data Coordination Group (SDCG) R&D on technical challenges (Norway lead) Gap analysis, dedicated R&D plan with priority topics Enhanced cooperation with CEOS space agencies Capacity Building (US lead) SilvaCarbon: focused series of six workshops in Latin America Bilateral capacity-building activities in Indonesia (supported by Australia) and Tanzania (supported by Norway) Governance

21 CEOS Space Data Coordination Group SDCG s purpose is to implement the CEOS Strategy for Space Data Coverage and Continuity in Support of the GEO Global Forest Observations Initiative (GFOI) and Forest Carbon Tracking (FCT) Task. SDCG Co-leads: ESA NSC USGS Expected output: Assessment of sensor capacities and satellite availabilities Baseline Global Observation Strategy Systematic acquisition

22 Project Opportunities with ESA

23 ESA s Data User Element Calls in 2013 GlobCurrent Develop high-resolution ocean surface current information services for a wide variety of applications including search and rescue, wave forecasting, ship routing, maritime security, marine accidents, ocean pollution, offshore operations, aquaculture, offshore renewable energy. GlobTemperature Improve the uptake of global-scale satellite land surface temperatures (LST) in Earth modelling and environmental monitoring. user consultation: Edinburgh, June 2012 user consultation: Ifremer, March 2012 Sentinel2 Agriculture Prepare for S-2 exploitation in agricultural monitoring (food security, national reporting, crop management, rural development) at national to regional and global scales user consultation: ESRIN, April 2012 GlobBiomass Characterise the distribution and changes, and an improved quantification of regional and global biomass to help reducing uncertainties in calculations of carbon stocks and fluxes in the terrestrial biosphere. user consultation: Jena, October 2012

24 Sentinel2 Agriculture Objective: Prepare for the full exploitation of the unprecedented temporal frequency & spatial resolution of Sentinel2 for agricultural monitoring. ITT issue: April 2013 KO: Q Budget: 1,500,000 User Consultation in Frascati, April 2012 User Requirements from: National/regional agricultural reporting and planning Food security (WFP, FAO) Agricultural Policy (JRC) Irrigation and crop management (Farmer associations) Duration: 3 years Project Activities: Consolidate best practices of EO monitoring of agricultural systems Develop & benchmark open source algorithms Demonstrate & validate S2 agricultural EO products crop area, -type, - state Support of test sites for agricultural EO monitoring in the frame of S2: 10 meters resolution CEOS-JECAM

25 DUE GlobBiomass Objective: Provide the user communities with a better characteristic of the distribution and changes, and an improved quantification of regional and global biomass User Consultation in Jena, October 2012: User Requirements from: Science: Carbon Cycle Science Community Policy: National Forest Inventory and REDD Forest Industry: timber production and certification ITT issue: Summer 2013 KO: Autumn 2013 Budget: 1,500,000 Duration: 3 years Project Activities: Improve above ground biomass maps (stock and changes) Better geometric resolution Improved accuracy Validation (discrepancy map and error statistics) Platform for data sharing and validation Better stratification of landscape (forest types/species) Standardization of maps Pan Boreal AGB map Santoro et al. Pan Tropical Map Errors: Measurement error (allometry), Sampling error, Prediction error Pan Tropical map AGB Saatchi et al.

26 Land_Cover_CCI: Consortium

27 Other related activities. Land Cover is one of 13 ECV within the Climate Change Initiative Support to FRA by FAO with EO: TropForest lead by JRC Improve Forest Certification with EO together with FSC Support to GOFC-GOLD office