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1 * * Agolmohammadi42@yahoo.com Faaceae

2 (papilionoideae) Cicer (Chickpea)

3 STM- 20 T W L D g = (LWT) 1/3

4 D g T W L mm/min mm/min mm/min D g

5 Tale1.Mean values for geometric properties of chickpea seeds. %w.. Tale2. Mean values for mechanical properties of chickpea seeds. (N) mm mj

6 p Tale3.Analysis of variance of mechanical properties (p) Fig. 1.A typical force-deformation curve for chickpea seed under compressive loading.

7 A B

8 Tale4. Mean comparison of mechanical properties at different moistures andduncan ased (p=5%) %w.. a (N) a c d mm a mj a

9 Tale5.Regression modeles of mechanical properties at different moisturesandtwo directio of loading (R F = F = D = D = E = E =

10 1. Afkari, A.H. and Minaei, s Fundamentals of investigation and evolution of mechanical damage in agricultural products.jahaddaneshgahi press.(in Persian). 2. mechanical properties of faa ean (ViciafaaL.) grai.journal of Food Engineering78: Anon Agricultural statistics.vol 1, Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture (Iran). 4. Bilaki, W. K Damage resistance of seed grai.tra of the ASAE 19(2): Huigi, G. and Krishna, K. R Science of filed crop production. Tralated y 6. Isik, E. and Isik, H The effect of moisture of organic chickpea (Cicerarienum L.)Grain on the physical and mechanical properties.international Journal of Agricultural Research 3: Kermani A.M., Tavakoli, T., Minaei, s and Khoshtagaza, H Determination of mechanical properties of rice kernel and study of effect speed of loading. Iranian Journal of Food Science and Technology 3(4): Wenter (In Persian). 8. Khazaei, J., Rajaipour, A., Mohtasei, S. and Behrozielar, M Determination of force and energyrequired for rupture of chickpea kernel in quasi- static loading. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science 35(3): (In Persian) 9. Konak, M., Carman, K. and Aydin, C Physical properties of chick pea seeds.biosystems Engineering 82(1): Koocheki, A. and BanaianAval, M Pulse crop, JahadDaneshgahimashhad press. 11. Liu, M., Haghighi, K., Stroshine, R. L. and Ting, E. C Mechanical properties of the soyean cotyledon and failure strength of soyean kernels.tra of the ASAE 33(3): Mohsenin, N.N Physical properties of plant and animal materials (2 nd Ed.).Gordon and Breach Science Pulishers. New York.

11 13. Saiedirad, M.H., Taataaeefar, A. and Borghei, A Effect of moisture content, seed size, loading rate and seed orientation on force and energy required for fracturing cumin seed under quasi-static loading. Journal of Food Engineering 86: Zakidizaji, H. and Minaei, S Determination of mechanical properties of chickpea kernel. Iranian Journal of Food Science and Technology 4(2): (In Persian).

12 The Effect of Moisture Content, Speed, and Direction of Louding on Mechanical Properties of Chichpea Seed A Gholmohammadi 1, L Roghanipour 2, T Mesri Ghendishmin 3 1,3 Assistant Professor of Mechanics of Agricultural Machinery Department of Mohagheghe Ardeili University, Iran 2 Former MSC Student In Mechanics of Agricultural Machinery, Mohagheghe Ardeili University, Iran *Agolmohammadi42@yahoo.com Received: Accepted: Astract Mechanical properties of agricultural products are of the most important properties used in design processes and agricultural machinery. In this case, the applied force and deformation of materials are major components of these actio and reactio etween the machine and the product. In this study, the mechanical properties of chickpea seeds (cultivar Azad) under quasistatic compression tests were evaluated at different levels of moisture content. Rupture force, rupture energy, deformation at rupture point, and toughness of the chickpea seed at four levels moisture content from11to 26% wet asis in three levels ofloadingratefrom2 to8 mm per second and two direction of loading(parallel and perpendicular to the cotyledo) was measured and recorded. The results showed that moisture content and direction of loading were significant for all mechanical properties. While the effect of loading rate on all properties was iignificant. With increasing moisture content, mean load failure was reduced from 492to 97 N. The maximum and minimum rupture force of seed, otained on the moisture contentof11and 26% that were 801and 28N, respectively. Also, with increasing moisture content, the amount of rupture energy decreased. The highest average rupture energy was otained for moisture content levelsof11%with285 J. Also, the results showed that with increasing the average amount of moisture content, toughness reduced and deformation at the point of rupture increases. Results showed that the greatest damage on chickpea seeds is associated with split mode condition at 26%moisture content and occurs when the force is applied in a direction parallel to the cotyledon. Keywords: Chickpea, Mechanical properties, Moisturecontent, rupture energy, quasi-static loading.