Preliminary Results of a Europe-wide Survey on Soil Organic Carbon Levels

Transcription

1 Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity Where do we stand? Brussels, September, Preliminary Results of a Europe-wide Survey on Soil Organic Carbon Levels R. Hiederer European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and Sustainability TP261, I Ispra (VA) roland.hiederer@jrc.ec.europa.eu

2 Context Brussels, 23. September, Climate Change Temperature Effect Geographic position of of Europe, indicating major cities, at at the the end end of of the the st st century. Based on on the the changes in in mean annual temperature of of the the period as as compared to to the the period London Paris Oslo Warsaw Helsinki Madrid Based on data provided by the Danish Climate Centre, Danish Meteorological Institute according to the IPCC A2 scenario. Present position Rome Position corresponding to mean annual temperature for scenario period End-of Century Temperature Equivalent

3 Context Brussels, 23. September, Temperature Effect on Soil Organic Carbon Assumption 2.5 TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FOR OC Coefficient for temperature variation (by land cover, aggregation over 250 deg. C intervals) Within belts of of uniform moisture conditions and and comparable vegetation, the the average total total organic matter in in soils soils increases by by 2 to to 3 times for for each 10 C fall fall in in mean temperature Temperature Range (AAAT deg. C) Managed Grassland Semi-natural Culti vated Average Model Temperature Function for SOC Content

4 Biosoil/Soil Survey Brussels, 23. September, BioSoil Demonstration Project Forest Focus (Regulation (EC) No. 2152/2003) Project Aims Provide harmonized soil and biodiversity data and contribute to research and forest related policies. Evaluation of of Consistency of of Biosoil data Spatial variability at at country level. Temporal variability to to previous survey. Influence of of laboratory methods on on observed values.

5 Background Brussels, 23. September, Soil Surveys linked to BioSoil Systematic Monitoring Intensive Monitoring Measured Profiles Council Regulation (EEC) No 3528/86 FSCC FIMCI SGDBE Forest Focus Level 1 Forest Focus Level 2 SPADE/M Regulation (EC) No. 2152/2003 BioSoil Level 1 BioSoil Level 2 Reference Laboratory Reference Laboratory Soil Layer, Level 1 Soil Layer, Level 2 Soil Profile FIMCI: Forest Intensive Monitoring Coordinating Institute FSCC: Forest Soil Coordinating Centre ICP Forests: International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests SGDBE: Soil Geographic Database of Eurasia SPADE/M: Soil Profile Analytical Database / Measured Profiles Historic and Current Soil Surveys

6 Quality Assurance Brussels, 23. September, Data Validation Procedure Complexity increases Compliance Conformity Uniformity Automation decreases Verification of Formal Aspects Errors lead to data being rejected, need to be resubmitted. Evaluation of Data Value Errors lead to data being re-assessed by NFC. Analysis of Data Comparability Warnings on systematic differences lead to message to NFC.

7 Scope of BioSoil Brussels, 23. September, BioSoil Survey Participants Soil Sampling No. No. of of countries: No. No. of of NFCs: No. No. of of Plots: 4,034 with with reference reference 4,026 Plots within NFC NFC area: no no buffer buffer area area 3,544 buffer buffer of of 3km 3km 3,551 Survey Data Soil Level 1 Soil Level 2 Soil Level 1&2 Biodiversity BioSoil Participating NFCs

8 Plot Positioning Brussels, 23. September, Distribution of Level 1 Survey Plots Plot Location Nominal arrangement in in x km km grid grid on on forest land. Use Use of of ICP ICP Forests Level 1 plots. BioSoil/Soil Level 1 Sample Plots

9 Soil Sampling Brussels, 23. September, Sampling Methods Litter Organic Mineral (cm) Plot Data only organic layers only mineral layers Two Two methods applied: a) a) pedological horizons b) b) fixed depth Image from E. Micheli in: Jones, A., V. Stolbovoy, C.Tarnocai, G. Broll, O. Spaargaren and L. Montanarella (2010) Soil Atlas of the Northern Circumpolar Region. Publication Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 144 pp. Level 1 Plots with Only Organic or Mineral Layers

10 BioSoil/Soil Brussels, 23. September, Organic Carbon Content in Soil Stratum Frequency Distribution 100 Frequency (%) Variability of OC decreases with depth Organic Carbon Content (%) M05 M51 M12 M24 M48 Distribution of Organic Carbon Content in Soil Stratum

11 BioSoil/Soil Brussels, 23. September, Organic Carbon Content in Soil Stratum Level 1 Plot Data Distribution follows European map map of of topsoil organic carbon content. -1 OC (g kg ) < >200 Areas with with peat peat show plots high high OC OC content. Organic Carbon Content in Soil Layer on Level 1 Plots

12 1996 ICP Forests Survey Brussels, 23. September, Survey Years of 1996 Soil Data Temporal Range Database contains surveys performed over over years. In In some countries surveys were carried out out over over several years. Year Soil Survey Year on ICP Forests Level 1 Plots

13 Geographic Positioning Brussels, 23. September, vs Soil Survey Geographic Co-location Identification of of previous plot plot by by geographic position is is not not apparent: new new plots installed; coordinates of of existing plots modified; systematic shift shift introduced. Distance of BioSoil Plot to ICP Forests Plot Distance (km) < >20

14 Significant Difference Brussels, 23. September, Soil Survey vs. Central Laboratory Difference in Organic Carbon Content 50 Mean: Mean: g g kg kg -1 Conf. Conf. Int. Int. (95%): (95%): "6.05 "6.05 g g kg kg Mean: Mean: g g kg-1 kg-1 Conf. Conf. Int. Int. (95%) (95%) : : "1.71 "1.71 g g kg kg Frequency (%) Frequency (%) < Organic Carbon Content (g / kg) >100 0 < >15 Organic Carbon Content (g / kg) Layers Plot M05 M51 M12 M24 M24 Organic Layers (g kg -1 ) Mineral Layers (g kg -1 )

15 Organic Carbon Brussels, 23. September, vs Soil Survey Change in Organic Carbon in Organic and Mineral Layer SOC ( g kg -1 ) SOC ( g kg -1 ) < to to 0 0to to 100 >100 < to to 0 0to to 20 >20 Organic Layers Mineral Layers

16 Results Brussels, 23. September, Demonstration Project Findings Methodology & Analysis Common Survey Manual compiled (with ICP ICP Forests). Revisit same plots and and allow identification of of plots. Data QA QA essential. Detection of Change in SOC after 10 years ( ) Significant difference from from Central Lab. Lab. "0.61 // % for for SOC content. Significant change in in SOC was was detected for for organic & mineral layers. Attributing change to to a specific condition is is not not evident. Instrument variations: < 0.1% 1. Laboratory measurement error: < 1-2% 1. Average annual rate of change in SOC content (0-15 cm): -0.5% 2. 1 Olsen, C. (2009) Soil Inventories for Carbon Assessment. NRCS GHGIS workshop Sandia Labs. May 21, Bellamy, P.H., P.J. Loveland, R.I. Bradley, R.M. Lark and J.D. Kirk (2005) Carbon losses form all soils across England and Wales. Nature, Vol. 437/8. Sept pp