for FTA research sites Sentinel landscapes Long term socio ecological Anja Gassner, Tor Vagen, Mrigesh Kshatriya

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1 Anja Gassner, Tor Vagen, Mrigesh Kshatriya Sentinel landscapes Long term socio ecological research sites for FTA

2 Why? CGIAR has the ability to undertake truly international and long-term research. Yet its research activities are not usually based on a common set of research instruments, making it difficult to collate comparative results and identify cross-national patterns (Stripe, 2009).

3 Main Purpose Annex 4 Cross regional comparison Integrating Biophysical & Social data Long-term presence (~ 10 years) Co-locating research activities (share resources) Between Components With Partners With other CRP s Status June 2011

4 Learning from others CGIAR benchmark approach International Long-term Ecological Research (ILTER) International Forestry Resources and Institutions (IFRI) A Long-Term Biodiversity, Ecosystem and Awareness Research Network (ALTERNet) European network for a long-term forest ecosystem and landscape research programme (ENFORS) National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Alternatives to Slash and Burn (ASB) Tropenbos International (TBI) Poverty Environment Network (PEN) Tropical Ecology Assessment & Monitoring (TEAM) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) Rewarding the Upland Poor for Environmental Services (RUPES) Smithsonian forest networks (SIGEO/CTFS) World Bank Standard of living survey

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6 Asia SL

7 Latin America

8 Evaluation of the landscapes

9 2013 Thematic bound landscapes Tree observatory (CIRAD) Oil Palm Value Chain Meta-analysis across regions Geographically bound landscapes Nicaragua/Honduras Burkina Faso/Ghana Testing baseline methodology in 4 sentinel sites

10 What do we offer A framework to Provide hard evidence on key indicators important to FTA themes Standard protocols/modules for data collection Backstopping for data management/data mining/data analysis Tool to allow greater cohesion, interdependence and alignment of FTA themes both within as well across the landscapes we are working in Entry for partners to influence our impact pathways

11 Linking with other Networks Linking CRP6 Land degradation models with IFRI and CIRAD plot level data

12 Households (n= 1400) more likely to have fed all members through the year from home gardens and fields if they: Have fruit trees in homestead yard (odds ratio=2.8, p<0.001) Have fruit trees in fields (odds ratio=2.0, p<0.05) after controlling for household size & dependency ratio, age & gender of household head, number of assets owned, & position on rainfall gradient >This association needs further investigation work expended to analyse households.

13 Global Forest Cover Index Ecosystem monitoring indicators developed Amazon Amazon Tor Vagen, Thomas Gumbricht, 2013

14 Land Degradation Risk Ecosystem monitoring indicators developed Tor Vagen, Thomas Gumbricht, 2013

15 Nyahururu, Kenya Systematic methods for mapping of soil and ecosystem health at multiple scales 1986 Mau Forest, Kenya Tor Vagen, Thomas Gumbricht, Ecosystem monitoring indicators developed

16 Maximum surface wetness index 2001 (MODIS) 2011 (MODIS)

17 Land health metrics - PEN villages in Africa

18 Institutional mapping Proof of concept Nicaragua Honduras SL Lead by Sandrine Freguin Gresh, CIRAD

19 Sentinel sites nested in sentinel landscapes

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21 Sentinel Landscape Institutions National Census Sentinel Sites Land Health, Vegetation Villages Governance/ equity /livelihood HH livelihood Farm Trees, productivity

22 Landscape comparison 1. Does a variation in Tree cover/tree quality affect any of the four system level outcomes? reduction in poverty increased global food security improvement of nutrition. better management of natural resources. 2. Which factors explain spatial and temporal variation of tree cover?

23 Core set of methods (all landscapes) Does a variation in Tree cover/tree quality affect any of the four system level outcomes? Add on modules (selected landscapes) What explains spatial and temporal variation of tree cover and tree species in each landscape? Inter-annual climate variation as Press factor Range land/pastures monitoring Biodiversity On farm tree inventory Institutional mapping

24 Research Questions What are the institutional settings that ensure that utilisation of forest resource result in equal sharing of benefits? What are the enabling factors that make people value the ecosystem service of trees? What are the conditions that allow farmers to significantly capitalize on tree products?

25 Is it new? CGIAR has the ability to undertake truly international and long-term research. Yet its research activities are not usually based on a common set of research instruments, making it difficult to collate comparative results and identify cross-national patterns (Stripe, 2009).