Field Windbreaks. Windbreak. Windbreak. Our forestry extension service includes:

Transcription

1 FACTSHEET SERIES: Field s, & Field s Sice 1954, the GRCA has worked with private ladowers to achieve their evirometal goals ad ehace their property by platig trees. The GRCA has helped thousads of ladowers plat more tha 26 millio trees. Field s Ladowers i the watershed with more tha oe hectare (2.5 acres) of lad exclusive of buildigs are eligible to participate i the tree platig program. The trees are grow for their aturaliza qualities ad ot their looks. They are available i a variety of sizes, ragig from seedligs through to bare root tall stock. A Forestry Specialist from the Grad River Coserva Authority is available to help pla your tree platig project. Our forestry extesio service icludes: A site visit for cosulta ad a assessmet of the site characteristics. A platig pla outliig site prepara, species composi, desig/layout, ad future tedig requiremets. Assistace i accessig grat programs. Coordiatig the platig of trees durig the sprig platig seaso. Follow up techical advice as eeded. FACTSHEET SERIES: Field s, & For more iforma or to arrage a site visit cotact oe of the GRCA forestry specialists: (519) ruralwater@gradriver.ca Field s

2 Three Row Coifer Field s Strategically plat rows of trees adjacet to your farm fields to icrease crop yields by slowig the wid ad reducig moisture loss i plats ad soil. You will also prevet erosio, icrease polliator habitat, provide wildlife corridors, icrease sow deposi for added soil moisture, provide perchig sites for raptors to decrease rodet populas ad supplemet farm icome through forest products. Sigle Row Spruce The two outside rows cosist of cedar. The middle row cosists of a mix of pie ad spruce. Outside row: cedar Shelter farmstead from harsh wids. The middle row of spruce ad pie will have every secod tree removed ad trasplated to other areas o the farm whe crows begi to touch. Middle row: pie/spruce Use a row of trees to defie property lie. Outside row: cedar Platig Had plat a sigle row of white spruce seedligs at. Year 3 Sigle Row Hardwood Provide wildlife corridor. Spruce at Mix of deciduous at Wildlife ehacemet. Had plat a double row widbreak at betwee trees ad 3m spacig The first row o the west side cosists of spruce. The secod row cosists of a mix of maple ad oak. The row of spruce will serve the fuc of providig wid protec while the secod row will add more wildlife ad aesthetic value. Had plat a sigle row of hardwood sapligs (5-6 foot, bare root stock). Year 20 Double Row Coifer & Hardwood P Wi reva d ili Dir g ec tio Sigle row alteratig betwee maple ad ash at 2m spacig Year 2 Had plat a three row widbreak at a spacig of 2m betwee trees ad 3m Three rows at betwee trees ad 3m spacig Istall plastic mulch prior to platig for weed cotrol ad moisture rete. Provide wildlife corridor. To protect agaist GMO cotamia ad spray drift from eighbourig farms for orgaic farm certifica. Livig Sow Feces Sigle row of spruce at Year 7 Year 2 Alterate betwee gree ash ad sugar maple at. protec zoes ad crop yields* The faster growig gree ash will evetually be thied out, to allow for a well spaced row of sugar maple. The iitial platig of ash trees betwee the maples allows the crows to touch ad achieve the desired porosity sooer. Oce the ash trees are removed, shrubs ca be plated betwee the maples to attai desired widbreak porosity from top to bottom. vailig wid d height = 30 ft *Distaces ad figures are approximate. Vertical scale exaggerated % of ope field wid velocity 50-70% of ope field wid velocity 200 ft Zoe of decreased crop yield Year 5 Zoe of icreased crop yield 70-80% of ope field wid velocity 400 ft 600 ft Average crop yield

3 FACTSHEET SERIES: Field s, & Sice 1954, the GRCA has worked with private ladowers to achieve their evirometal goals ad ehace their property by platig trees. The GRCA has helped thousads of ladowers plat more tha 26 millio trees. Field s Ladowers i the watershed with more tha oe hectare (2.5 acres) of lad exclusive of buildigs are eligible to participate i the tree platig program. The trees are grow for their aturaliza qualities ad ot their looks. They are available i a variety of sizes, ragig from seedligs through to bare root tall stock. A Forestry Specialist from the Grad River Coserva Authority is available to help pla your tree platig project. Our forestry extesio service icludes: A site visit for cosulta ad a assessmet of the site characteristics. A platig pla outliig site prepara, species composi, desig/layout, ad future tedig requiremets. Assistace i accessig grat programs. Coordiatig the platig of trees durig the sprig platig seaso. Follow up techical advice as eeded. FACTSHEET SERIES: Field s, & For more iforma or to arrage a site visit cotact oe of the GRCA forestry specialists: (519) ruralwater@gradriver.ca

4 Sow Feces Sigle Row Hardwood Shelterbelt Pr Wi evail d ig Dir ect io Decrease bar heatig ad coolig costs. Surroudig your farmstead with trees is a good ivestmet, reducig eergy costs ad improvig livestock health. Three Row Mixed Species Shelterbelt Pr Wi evail d ig Dir ect io Alterate betwee soft maple ad polar at. The faster growig poplars will evetually protec zoes ad crop be thied out, toyields* allow for a well spaced Decrease bar heatig costs. vailig wid d alteratig Reduce odour from hog bar. Sigle row Platig Day Had plat a three row widbreak at 3m spacig. Outside row: spruce The outside row cosists of spruce. Middle row: poplar The middle row cosists of poplar. Iside row: hardwoods ad shrubs The iside row cosists of a mix of hardwoods ad shrubs. The faster growig poplars will provide wid protec sooer i the life spa of the shelterbelt. The middle poplar row may be thied out oce the spruces are large eough to provide wid protec for the bar. The mixed hardwood ad shrub row provides aesthetics ad biodiversity. Two rows of spruce at 3m x 3m spacig Zoe of decreased crop yield Platig Day 70-80% of ope field wid velocity 400 ft 600 ft Zoe of icreased crop yield Year 5 Average crop yield Desigig a livig sow fece that will effectively trap sow* Protect livestock from harsh wids. *Distaces ad figures are approximate, there are varias to this rule depedig o wid speeds, the topography ad the desity of the trees. Year 3 Iside row: White spruce Mature height at 4m = 10 meters spacig Had plat a double row widbreak at 4m spacig betwee trees ad 4m spacig 10 meters 20 meters The iside row cosists of white spruce. 30 meters Sow accumula area Pla ahead ad cosider the height of the trees at maturity. The outside row cosists of sugar maple. As a geeral rule of thumb, the sow will be deposited o the leeward side of theoutside row ofrow: trees for a distace of 3 times the height ofthe the trees. spruce row will protect the livestock from Sugar maple at 4m spacig Road or laeway harsh wids, while the maple row provides ehaced aesthetics. Year 3 Platig Day protec to reduce heatig cost ad protect livestock* Had plat a three row widbreak of 2 foot potted spruces ad 5 foot saplig maples. The two iside rows cosist of white spruce at 3m spacig. Spacig is staggered to optimize wid protec for the bar. P W reva id ili Di g rec tio vailig wid d Oe row of maple at 5m spacig Oce the trees reach maturity, their crows will provide shade to cool the 25-50% 50-70% hot su of ope field poultry bar from the of ope fieldad wid velocity decrease coolig costs. wid velocity *Distaces ad figures are approximate. Vertical scale exaggerated. Double Row Coifer ad Hardwood Shelterbelt Decrease bar heatig costs. row of maples. The iitial platig of poplar trees betwee the maples allows the crows to touch ad achieve the desired porosity sooer. 200 ft Three Row Coifer & Hardwood Shelterbelt Pr Wi evail d ig Dir ect io betwee maple ad poplar at height = 30 ft Istall plastic mulch prior to platig for weed cotrol ad moisture rete. Three row Shelterbelt Year 1 Had plat a sigle row of hardwood sapligs (5-6 foot, bare root stock). vailig wid d 30% reduc i air codiig Year 2 The outside row cosists of sugar maple at 5m spacig. 25% reduc i heatig costs The spruce rows are to provide optimal wid protec while the maple row provides ehaced aesthetics. Plat multiple rows Year 4 Plat a diverse mix of species, icludig deciduous trees ad shrubs *Figures are approximate, there are varias to this rule depedig o wid speeds, the topography ad the desity of the trees. Improved livestock health Establish a shelterbelt aroud fileds to protect livestock from harsh witer wids

5 FACTSHEET SERIES: Field s, & Sice 1954, the GRCA has worked with private ladowers to achieve their evirometal goals ad ehace their property by platig trees. The GRCA has helped thousads of ladowers plat more tha 26 millio trees. Field s Ladowers i the watershed with more tha oe hectare (2.5 acres) of lad exclusive of buildigs are eligible to participate i the tree platig program. The trees are grow for their aturaliza qualities ad ot their looks. They are available i a variety of sizes, ragig from seedligs through to bare root tall stock. A Forestry Specialist from the Grad River Coserva Authority is available to help pla your tree platig project. Our forestry extesio service icludes: A site visit for cosulta ad a assessmet of the site characteristics. A platig pla outliig site prepara, species composi, desig/layout, ad future tedig requiremets. Assistace i accessig grat programs. Coordiatig the platig of trees durig the sprig platig seaso. Follow up techical advice as eeded. FACTSHEET SERIES: Field s, & For more iforma or to arrage a site visit cotact oe of the GRCA forestry specialists: (519) ruralwater@gradriver.ca Livig Sow Feces

6 s Sigle Row Spruce Livig Sow Fece Livig Sow Feces Decrease sow drifts o the road. Improve witer drivig safety. Improve crop yields. Improve witer drivig safety ad reduce sow removal costs by usig a strip of trees to trap the sow blowig across ope fields. Double Row Cedar Livig Sow Fece Had plat oe row of 2 foot potted white spruce at 2.5m spacig. The row of trees is set back 40m from the road. Leave a 10m gap o both eds for equipmet access. Decrease sow drifts o the road. Sigle row of spruce at 2.5m spacig Improve witer drivig safety. Improve crop yields. Year 1 Had plat a double row of 1m tall, balled ad burlapped cedars spaced 1.5m apart. Double row of cedar at 1.5m x 1.5m spacig Five Row Mixed Species Livig Sow Fece The first row o the widward side is set back 35m from the road. g d Di rect io Decrease sow drifts o the laeway. Decrease sow removal costs. Year 14 protec zoes ad crop yields* Five rows at vailig2mwid x 3md Three Row Spruce Livig Sow Fece spacig Row 1 (outside row): Poplar Row 2: Poplar Row 3: height = 30 ft Gree ash, Decrease sow drifts o the laeway. silver maple Decrease sow removal costs. Row 4: Whiteofspruce Zoe decreased crop yield Row 5 (iside row): Red oak Year 1 Had plat five rows of seedligs at 2m spacig betwee trees ad 3m spacig *Distaces ad figures are approximate. Vertical scale exaggerated. The outside two rows cosist of poplars % Row three cosists of50-70% a mix of gree ash of ope field of ope field wid velocity ad silver maple. wid velocity Row four200 cosists ft of white spruce % of ope field wid velocity 400 ft Row five cosists of red oak. Zoe of icreased crop yield The first row o the widward side is set back 35m from the laeway. 600 ft Average crop yield Year 5 Had plat three rows of white spruce seedligs at betwee trees ad Desigig a livig sow fece that will effectively trap sow* The first row o the widward side is set back 30m from the laeway. Leave a 10m gap o both eds for equipmet access. vailig wid d Three rows of spruce at 2m x 2m spacig Mature height = 10 meters Year 20 *Distaces ad figures are approximate, there are varias to this rule depedig o wid speeds, the topography ad the desity of the trees. 10 meters Pla ahead ad cosider the height of the trees at maturity. As a geeral rule of thumb, the sow will be deposited o the leeward side of the row of trees for a distace of 3 times the height of the trees. 20 meters Sow accumula area 30 meters Road or laeway