The effect of quality bucking and automatic bucking on harvesting productivity and product recovery in a pine dominated stand

Transcription

1 The effect of qulity bucking nd utomtic bucking on hrvesting productivity nd product recovery in pine dominted stnd Asst. Prof., Moritz Bergen, Dr. Johnnes Windisch From theory to Prctice: Chllenges for Forest Engineering Wrsw, Polnd

2 Outline Introduction Experimentl design nd field opertions Results Inventory Time nd motion Productivity Recovery Conclusions 2

3 Introduction OBC in hrvesters hve been vilble since the erly 1990s. Benefits of these systems re known nd utilized in other countries. In Germn forestry (with specil conditions) optimiztion systems re still generlly poorly used nd/or investigted. 3

4 Selecting the optiml cross-cutting point by price list Price list per species Prediction of the stem Log Tukki 520 Log Tukki 550 Pulp Kuitu Bucking lterntives Bucking proposl 4

5 Objectives of utomtic bucking Increse the qulity nd vlue of the logs Mke the bucking more efficient Mke the work of opertor esier Study objectives Determine nd quntify the influence of using qulity bucking compred to utomtic bucking on: i) Hrvesting productivity ii) Product recovery iii) Vlue recovery 5

6 Methods Study loction / description Experimentl design Pre-hrvest inventory Time nd motion 6

7 Study loction nd stnd description Stnd description 9.6 h in size 95% Scots pine, 5% Norwy spruce Avg. 120 yers old Avg. stnding volume pre-hrvest 280 m 3 /h Commercil thinning Trget removl % of stnding volume Forester selected trees for removl 7

8 Experimentl design Mchine operting tril Buffer zone Z Forest rod / lnding A B C Forest rod / lnding 30 m 100 m 8

9 Pre-hrvest inventory 9

10 Atls Königstiger T23 A B KEY SPECS - Excvtor bsed - 28 metric tons m long boom - Ponsse H6 hrvesting hed 10

11 Product list Species Pine Spruce Assortment nd length [m] Smll-end dimeters [cm] swlog (4) 12 pllet (2.35) 13 pulpwood (2) 9 swlog (4 nd 5) 12 for both pllet (2.35) 13 pulpwood (2 nd 3) 7 nd 9 11

12 Results Inventory Cycle elements Hrvesting productivity Product recovery Vlue recovery 12

13 Tretment OFF ON Stem vol. DBH [cm] Height [m] Plot Smple size DBH (cm) Height (m) Stem vol. [m(m 3 /tree] /tree) ID Pine/Spruce Std. Std. Std. Avg. Avg. Avg. err. err. err. A3 33P / 6S A4 24P / 11S A5 41P / 5S A7 33P / 2S B1 32P / 0S B4 28P / 0S C1 33P / 1S C2 24P / 0S C4 27P / 0S C5 38P / 5S Z1 26P / 12S A1 26P / 13S A2 29P / 12S A6 49P / 6S B2 32P / 0S B3 32P / 0S B5 29P / 0S B6 36P / 2S C3 23P / 0S C6 42P / 1S Z2 29P / 11S Z3 38P / 10S Summry OFF 11 pl. 338P / 42S ON 11 pl. 365P / 55S 27.9b b 0.02

14 Hrvesting productivity Hrvesting productivity (m 3 /PMH) A Avg. productivity B OFF = 36.0 m 3 /PMH ON = 34.0 m 3 /PMH dbh (cm) 14

15 Pine e ne Pine Volume recovery Chrt Chrt of Chrt of of Men( Men( % Chrt % vol vol difference ) of difference ) Chrt of of Men( Men( % % vol vol difference difference ) ) Men( % vol ) difference ) Volume recovered (m 3 /tree) Pine Pine Pine b nel vrible: species Pnel vrible: species spnel vrible: species Pnel vrible: species Spruce Pine Spruce Pine b Spruce Spruce 70 Tretment Tretment OFF 70 OFF 70 ON Dimeter ON b2b b 3b 3b b b 3b 1b b 2b b 3b 3b b 1 3 1b 3b 2 4 2b 3 3b 4 Dimeter clsses Dimeter of of stnding clsses trees Dimeter of stnding clsses treesof stnding trees Spruce Spruce Spruce b Men of % vol difference Volume Men Men recoveed of of % vol vol of % vol in difference difference reltion to Difference between recovered initil stem volume (%) nd initil stem volume (%) Tretment Tretment OFF OFF 70 OFF OFF ON ON ON ON Spruce Men of % vol difference Men of % vol difference Difference between recovered nd initil stem volume (%) clsses 1 1b 2 2b 3 3b Men of % vol difference Men of % vol difference Tretment Tretment OFF OFF ON ON Dimeters cm Difference between recovered nd initil stem volume (%) cm cm cm cm cm 4 40 cm 15

16 Averge revenue ( /m 3 ) Vlue recovery Pine Pine Chrt of Men( % vol difference ) Spruce Spruce b b b b Pnel vrible: species Pnel vrible: species Pine Spruce 1 1b 2 2b 3 3b 4 1 1b 2 2b 3 3b 4 Dimeter clsses 1 1b 2 2b 3 3b cm Men of % vol difference Men of % vol difference Difference between recovered nd initil stem volume (%) Tretment Tretment OFF OFF ON ON Dimeters cm cm cm cm cm cm Dimeter clsses of stnding trees Dimeter clsses of stnding trees 16

17 Conclusions Could not support our hypothesis of incresed product recovery with utomtic bucking in pine dominted stnd. Scots pine cn hve frequent sweeps, crooks nd forks which mkes computer predictions more difficult. Continue to ssess dt to see if tree form informtion cn be used to shed more light. 17

18 Acknowledgements Robert Morigl nd Florin Geiger (Kurtorium) Bruno Strke, Sebstin Berger, nd Dphne Weihrich (BySF) Reinhrd Lenz, Klus Bichlmier, Rimund Pöllmnn, nd Mrtin Dollhopf (BySF) Thoms Zimmermnn (hrvester opertor) Mx Kmmermeier, Kevin Lemmer, nd Sönke Böttcher (TU München) Rolnd Scholl nd Frnk Gleibs (Whlers Forsttechnik GmbH) Dr. Rffele Spinelli (CNR Ivls) Prof. Dr. Michel Soucy (Université de Moncton) 18

19 Questions Asst. Prof. Dr., Moritz Bergen, Dr. Johnnes Windisch Forest Opertions / Forstliche Verfhrenstechnik Emil: eric.lbelle@tum.de Tel:

20 Appendices 20

21 Automtic bucking Stem curve prediction = known prt of the stem reference dimeter Prognos Prognos Stem dt bse (180 pce /tree species) 8 nerest (reference dimeter) Averge curve Dt bse is updted fter ech stem

22 Automtic bucking Bucking = evlute the suitble bucking lterntive of the stem ccording to the dimensions nd vlue of the wood Automtic bucking: using informtion technology for clculting the lterntive utomticlly ccording to the dimensions of the stem (vs. qulity bucking) 4,6 3,4 4,3 3,7 4,0 4,0 3,7 4,3 22

23 Price mtrix Tree species ssortment length Prices for ech dimension dimeter All this informtion (nd more) re used when clculting the prognosis FORMEC 23

24 Mesured length Mesured dimeter spruce swlog suggested ssortment nd dimensions The log tht hs lredy been cut Suggestion how to cut the top of the stem 24

25 swlog vlue 100 / m3 swlog vlue 100 / m3 swlog vlue 100 / m3 pllet vlue 75/ m3 pulp vlue 65 / m3 o The mesuring system clcultes the bucking combintion tht gives the highest vlue for the whole stem ccording to the price lists. This mens tht the highest vlue log section is lwys utilized to the mximum. 25

26 Bucking lterntives Log section 8 m Minimum dimeter for swlogs Pulpwood section Severl lterntives with optiml sitution no timber over minimum dimeter needs to cut into pulpwood 4,6 3,4 4,3 3,7 4,0 4,0 3,7 4,3 26

27 Bucking lterntives 6.3 m Log section Pulp section Avilble log lengths: 3,4; 3,7; 4,0; 4,3; 4,6; 4,9; 5,2 nd 5,5 meters Pulp Best choice: 5.5 m log nd cut 0.8 m of swlog section into pulpwood 27

28 Mesuring devices Mesuring wheel length Rection br from feed rollers dimeter Rw dt is clculted into mesures in millimeter nd then corrected with clibrtion settings shown on the screen in the cbin 28

29 Experimentl design subdivide study site into 22 plots llocte rndomly which plot will be hrvested with OBC ON or OFF Pre-inventory Estblish tretment plots in the hrvest block Mesure (DBH, height, stem form) Identify trees with individul lph-numeric code Opertion Mount Gopro cmer in the cbin of the hrvester to record the entire opertion Hrvest plots in order of ppernce while performing time nd motion nlysis 29

30 30

31 e ne e ne Distribution of work cycle elements 12.0% OFF, Pine OFF, Pine N = 338 N = 338 N = 42 OFF, OFF, Spruce N = 42 OFF, Pine OFF, Spruce 4.5% 5.2% 5.2% 13.8% 14.3% N = 338 N = % 14.3% 10.5% 53.4% 58.7% 10.5% 53.4% 13.8% ON, Pine N = 365 N = 55 ON, 9.5% ON, Pine N = 365 ON, Spruce N = 55 ON, Pine ON, Spruce 5.4% N = 365 N = % 3.9% 15.3% OFF, Spruce OFF, Spruce ON, Spruce 9.9% 3.9% ON, Spruce 12.0% 18.1% 9.5% 18.1% 12.0% 23.2% Cycle elements Cycle elements Trcking Boom-out Felling Processing Processing Mnipultion Mnipultion 15.3% 59.1% 10.2% 51.2% 9.6% 23.2% 31