TIPPC Plant Assessment Form

Transcription

1 TIPPC Plant ssessment Form For use with Criteria for Categorizing Invasive Non-Native Plants that Threaten Wildlands by the California Invasive Plant Council and the Southwest Vegetation Management ssociation Version February 2003, modified July 2009 for the Texas Invasive Plant & Pest Council Table 1. Species and Evaluator Information Species name (Latin binomial): Synonyms: Common names: ilanthus altissima Tree-of-heaven Evaluation date (mm/dd/yy): 4/25/2011 Evaluator #1 Name/Title: ffiliation: Travis Gallo, Ecologist Phone numbers: address: Lady ird Johnson Wildflower Center ddress: 4801 La Crosse ve., ustin, TX Evaluator #2 Name/Title: ffiliation: Phone numbers: address: ddress: Section below for list committee use please leave blank List committee members: Committee review date: List date: Re-evaluation date(s): General comments on this assessment: Originally assessed for City of ustin Invasive Species Management Plan 1 TIPPC Plant ssessment Form

2 Table 2. Criteria, Section, and Overall Scores Species: Impact on abiotic ecosystem processes Impact on plant community 4 Region: 4 Impact Impact on higher trophic levels U No Information Impact on genetic integrity D 2 Enter four characters from Q below: UD Using matrix, determine score and enter below: Role of anthropogenic and natural disturbance Local rate of spread with no management Recent trend in total area infested within state 3 3 C 2 Innate reproductive potential Wksht 3 Potential for human-caused dispersal Potential for natural longdistance dispersal 4 4 Invasiveness Enter the sum total of all points for Q below: 13 Use matrix to determine score and enter below: Plant Score Using matrix, determine Overall Score and lert Status from the three section scores and enter below: Moderate No lert 2.7 Other regions invaded D Ecological Distribution amplitude/range 3 Using matrix, determine Distribution/Peak frequency Wksht C 3 score and enter below: Documentation verage of all questions TIPPC Plant ssessment Form

3 Table 3. Documentation (List all references at end of PF. Short citations may be used in Table 3.) Impacts Question 1.1 Impact on abiotic ecosystem processes Rev d Sci. Pub n back Identify ecosystem processes impacted: Roots change soil chemistry through allelopathy. Sources of information: De Feo et al Isolation of phytotoxic compounds from Tree-of-Heaven (ilanthus altissima Swingle). J. gric. Food Chem. 51: Question 1.2 Impact on plant community composition, structure, and interactions Rev d Sci. Pub n back Identify type of impact or alteration: Prolific seed producer, forms abundant root sprouts, creating monospecific stands, eliminating other vegetation. Combined with toxins, these strategies appear to give it a competitive advantage. Kowarik characterizes ilanthus as a pioneering light-demanding species that may use clonal ramets to overcome lack of light. Sources of information: Fryer, Janet L ilanthus altissima. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of griculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). vailable: [2011, pril 25]. Kowarik, I The clonal growth of ilanthus altissima on a natural site in West Virginia. Journal of Vegetation Science 6(6) Question 1.3 Impact on higher trophic levels U No Information back Identify type of impact or alteration: Impact to higher trophic levels is unknown in Texas. Sources of information: Observational, Gallo Question 1.4 Impact on genetic integrity D Observational back Identify impacts: No close relatives, and no known hybridization with native plants Sources of information: Observational, Waitt Invasiveness Question 2.1 Role of anthropogenic and natural disturbance in establishment Other Pub. Mat l back Describe role of disturbance: Mostly invades disturbed forests but can invade undisturbed forests. Sources of information: Miller, J.H. (2003) Nonnative invasive plants of southern forests: a field guide for identification and control. Gen.Tech. Rep. SRS-62. sheville, NC: U.S. Department of griculture, Forest Service, Southern Research 3 TIPPC Plant ssessment Form

4 Station. 93 p. Fryer, Janet L ilanthus altissima. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of griculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). vailable: [2011, pril 25]. Question 2.2 Local rate of spread with no management Other Pub. Mat l back Describe rate of spread: Once established colonies can spread quickly from root sprouts invading from disturbed areas into undisturbed forest edges and meadows. ilanthus is an urban species that is spreading out to suburban and rural areas. In Texas, ilanthus can spread quickly (doubling in less than 10 years) into new areas once established. Sources of information: Fryer, Janet L ilanthus altissima. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of griculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). vailable: [2011, pril 25]. Landenberger, R.E., N.L. Kota, J.. McGraw Seed dispersal of the non-native invasive tree ilanthus altissima into contrasting environments. Plant Ecology 192: Observational, Gallo. Question 2.3 Recent trend in total area infested within state C Observational back Describe trend: ilanthus seems to be stable on a statewide basis. Most ecosystems invaded. Sources of information: Observational, Gallo Invaders of Texas Citizen Science Program: Question 2.4 Innate reproductive potential Describe key reproductive characteristics: Refer to Worksheet Other Pub. Mat l back Sources of information: Fryer, Janet L ilanthus altissima. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of griculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). vailable: [2011, pril 25]. Question 2.5 Potential for human-caused dispersal Rev d Sci. Pub n back Identify dispersal mechanisms: Not commonly sold in landscape trade since early 1900 s, but a simple internet search does result in the sale of seeds and saplings. Sources of information: Fryer, Janet L ilanthus altissima. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of griculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). vailable: [2011, pril 25]. 4 TIPPC Plant ssessment Form

5 Landenberger, R.E., N.L. Kota, J.. McGraw Seed dispersal of the non-native invasive tree ilanthus altissima into contrasting environments. Plant Ecology 192: Observational, Gallo. Question 2.6 Potential for natural long-distance dispersal Rev d Sci. Pub n back Identify dispersal mechanisms: Wind and water can disperse samaras long distances. Sources of information: Fryer, Janet L ilanthus altissima. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of griculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). vailable: [2011, pril 25]. Landenberger, R.E., N.L. Kota, J.. McGraw Seed dispersal of the non-native invasive tree ilanthus altissima into contrasting environments. Plant Ecology 192: Kowarik, I The clonal growth of ilanthus altissima on a natural site in West Virginia. Journal of Vegetation Science 6(6) Miller, J.H. (2003) Nonnative invasive plants of southern forests: a field guide for identification and control. Gen.Tech. Rep. SRS-62. sheville, NC: U.S. Department of griculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 93 p. Question 2.7 Other regions invaded Identify other regions: Similar regions invaded elsewhere D Observational back Sources of information: Observational, Gallo. Distribution Question 3.1 Ecological amplitude/range Other Pub. Mat l back Describe ecological amplitude, identifying date of source information and approximate date of introduction to the state, if known: Refer to Worksheet Sources of information: Invaders of Texas Citizen Science Program (ccessed 9 May 2011: USD PLNTS Database (ccessed 9 May 2011: Question 3.2 Distribution/Peak frequency Describe distribution: Worksheet Other Pub. Mat l back Sources of information: Invaders of Texas Citizen Science Program (ccessed 9 May 2011: USD PLNTS Database (ccessed 9 May 2011: 5 TIPPC Plant ssessment Form

6 References List full citations for all references used in the PF (short citations such as DiTomaso and Healy 2007 may be used in table above). Websites should include the name of the organization and the date accessed. Personal communications should include the affiliation of the person providing the observation. Enter each reference on a separate line; the table will expand as needed. Examples: Mitich, L. W Intriguing world of weeds: Tansy ragwort. Weed Technology. 9: HER. Date unknown. Emex spinosa. Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk. ccessed March 17, 2009 DiTomaso, J. M. Personal communication from Dr. Joe DiTomaso, Dept. of Plant Science, UC Davis. received 3/17/09. 6 TIPPC Plant ssessment Form

7 Worksheet Reaches reproductive maturity in 2 years or less Dense infestations produce >1,000 viable seed per square meter Yes: 2 pts Populations of this species produce seeds every year. Yes: 1 pts Seed production sustained over 3 or more months within a population annually Seeds remain viable in soil for three or more years Viable seed produced with both self-pollination and cross-pollination Has quickly spreading vegetative structures (rhizomes, roots, etc.) that may root at nodes Yes: 1 pts Fragments easily and fragments can become established elsewhere Resprouts readily when cut, grazed, or burned Yes: 1 pts 5 0 Note any related traits: Resprouts vigorously when cut, burned or grazed 7 TIPPC Plant ssessment Form

8 Worksheet - Texas Ecoregions (Griffen et al, 2004). *. means >50% of type occurrences are invaded; means >20% to 50%; C. means >5% to 20%; D. means present but 5%; U. means unknown Code Level III Level IV Score ER01 rizona/new Mexico Mountains Chihuahuan Desert Slopes Montane Woodlands Chihuahuan asins and Playas Chihuahuan Desert Grasslands ER02 Chihuahuan Deserts Low Mountains and ajadas Chihuahuan Montane Woodlands Stockton Plateau ER03 High Plains Rolling Sand Plains Canadian/Cimarron High Plains Llano Estacado Shinnery Sands rid Llano Estacado ER04 Southwestern Tablelands Canadian/Cimarron reaks Flat Tablelands and Valleys Caprock Canyons, adlands, and reaks Semiarid Canadian reaks ER05 Central Great Plains Red Prairie roken Red Plains Limestone Plains Eastern Crosstimbers Western Crosstimbers ER06 Cross Timbers Grand Prairie Limestone Cut Plain Carbonate Cross Timbers Edwards Plateau Woodland ER07 Edwards Plateau Llano Uplift alcones Canyonlands Semiarid Edwards Plateau ER08 Southern Texas Plains Northern Nueces lluvial Plains Semiarid Edwards ajadas Texas-Tamaulipan Thornscrub Rio Grande Floodplain and Terraces Northern lackland Prairies ER09 Texas lackland Prairies Southern lackland/fayette Prairie Floodplains and Low Terraces ER10 East Central Texas Plains Northern Post Oak Savanna Southern Post Oak Savanna San ntonio Prairie Northern Prairie Outliers astrop Lost Pines Floodplains and Low Terraces Northern Humid Gulf Coastal Prairies C ER11 Western Gulf Coastal Plain Southern Subhumid Gulf Coastal Prairies Floodplains and Low Terraces Coastal Sand Plain Lower Rio Grande Valley Lower Rio Grande lluvial Floodplain Texas-Louisiana Coastal Marshes Mid-Coast arrier Islands and Coastal Marshes Laguna Madre arrier Islands and Coastal Marshes Tertiary Uplands ER12 South Central Plains Floodplains and Low Terraces Pleistocene Fluvial Terraces Southern Tertiary Uplands Flatwoods 8 TIPPC Plant ssessment Form