Effect of Mineral, Organic Nitrogen Fertilization and some other Treatments on Vegetative Growth of Kalamata Olive Young Trees.

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1 Effect of Minerl, Orgnic Nitrogen Fertiliztion nd some other Tretments on Vegettive Growth of Klmt Olive Young Trees. Hssn, H. S. A *1 ; Lil, F. Hgg 1 ; H. El-Wkeel 2 ; M. Abou Rwsh 2 nd A. Abdel-Glel 1 1 Pomology Deprtment, Ntionl Reserch Center, 2 Dept. of Hort. Fc. of Agric. Ain Shms Univ., Shobr El- Khiem, Ciro, Egypt * Hssm2@yhoo.com Abstrct: This study ws crried out through two successive sesons (& ) on Klmt olive young trees grown t the Reserch Sttion Frm of Ntionl Reserch Center, El Nobry, El Beher governorte. The investigtion imed to study the effect of pplying minerl, orgnic fertilizers nd some other tretments on growth prmeters t the first two yers of plnting. Plnting holes were prepred for control plnts in the first seson only. Ech tretment received g ctul nitrogen/plnt/yer s recommended by M.A.R.L. (). The following tretments were pplied: T1 : control (minerl nitrogen + plnting hole preprtion), T2(%minerl nitrogen), T3(% orgnic N s cttle mnure), T4(5% minerl N + 5% orgnic N s chicken mnure), T5 (%minerl nitrogen + humic cid s soil ppliction), T6(% minerl nitrogen + ctivted dry yest s soil ppliction), T7 (%minerl nitrogen + GA 3 spry) nd T8 (% minerl nitrogen + se lge s soil ppliction).at the end of ech seson, plnt height, stem dimeter, lterl shoot number, lterl shoot length, leves numbers per plnt, percentge of plnt height increment, whole plnt dry weight were determined nd recorded. The obtined results reveled tht plnt height, shoots number, shoot length, leves number nd stem dimeter were not ffected by different tretments. However the fifth tretment with humic cid nd seventh tretment with GA 3 spry gve highest significnt vlues of lef numbers per plnt compred with ll other tretments in the first seson, but in the second one, the differences mong tretments lke significnce. As for Whole plnt dry weight, no significnt differences mong tretments could be noticed in both sesons. [: ]. (ISSN: ). Keywords: Klmt olive; minerl fertilizer; orgnic fertilizer; growth prmeter; plnt 1. Introduction: The Egyptin olive production reched bout 5753 tons produced from feddn nd the totl re reched bout feddn (ccording to the sttistics of M.A.L.R. (). Nwf nd Yr (26) found tht, young olive trees benefit from low levels of NPK nd N lone nd dditionl fertilizers would not be significnt. However, NPK re consider to be essentil element for plnt growth nd development. The 16 g NPK nd 32 g N significntly gve the highest shoot nd root dry weight, this probbly due to nitrogen concentrtion which incresed dry mtter ccumultion in roots nd decresed shoot: root rtio. Monge et. l.(2) reported tht, orgnic wstes fertiliztion did not led to significnt increses in olive minerl lef concentrtions in the first yer tril. Hegzy et. l.() studied the effect of orgnic nd bio-fertiliztion on vegettive growth nd flowering of Picul olive trees, they recorded tht, the highest vlues of the studied growth chrcters were obtined with % orgnic fertiliztion (poultry mnure). Fernández-Escobr et. l.(1999) mentioned tht, folir ppliction of leonrdite extrcts(humic substnces extrcted) to young olive plnts stimulted shoot growth when they were growing without the ddition of minerl elements to the irrigtion wter, but did not promote growth when pplied to plnts wtered with nutrient solution, lthough growth of fertilized plnts ws greter thn tht of unfertilized ones. Under field conditions, folir ppliction of leonrdite extrcts stimulted shoot growth nd promoted the ccumultion of K, B, Mg, C nd Fe in leves. Abdel Fth et. l.() mentioned tht, soil drench ppliction of humic cid to Tifwy Bermodgrss hybrid improved growth prmeters nd NPK leves cotents. Mostf nd Abou Ry (23) recorded tht, ll dry yest soil ppliction improved growth prmeters of Grnd Nin bnn cv. Compred with control without dry yest tretment. Sidhmed (1987) working on eight-monthold seedlings of sour ornge were spryed with, 25, 5, 75, nd 2 ppm of the wter soluble slt of gibberellic cid t 15-dy intervls.dt collected two months lter reveled tht GA 3 significntly incresed (P <.5) seedling height by internodl expnsion nd tht the seedling height ws positively 338

2 correlted with GA 3 level. The percentge increse in height ws 13.95, 18.68, 19.63, 25.9, 31.8 nd 38.8 respectively for, 25, 5, 75, nd 2 ppm GA 3 tretments. Smith nd Schwbe (1984) recorded tht, top growth of Quercus robur could be further ccelerted by ppliction of gibberellic cid (GA3) s folir spry. Sheo (1999) mentioned tht, the seedling growth of Krun Jmir (C. urntium) nd Cleoptr mndrin (C. reshni) ws significntly incresed by sprying with ure nd GA 3 lone or in combintion. However, ZnSO 4 lone did not hve ny significnt effect on growth. Seedling growth of both the species ws greter with the combintions.5% ure + 5 ppm GA 3 +.2% ZnSO4 nd.5% ure + 5 ppm GA 3. The results indicted tht the seedling growth of Krun Jmir nd Cleoptr mndrin cn be incresed considerbly by two sprys of.5% ure + 5 ppm GA 3 in the 3 rd nd 8 th months fter sowing. This investigtion imed to study the effect of minerl nd orgnic nitrogen fertiliztion sources nd some other tretments (humic cid, ctivted dry yest, GA 3 nd se lge) on growth prmeters of Klmt young trees t first two yers of plnting. 2. Mterils nd Methods: This study ws crried out through two successive sesons (& ) on Klmt olive young trees grown t the Expermentl reserch sttion of Ntionl Reserch Center t El Nobry, El Beher governorte Egypt. The investigtion imed to study the effect of pplying minerl, orgnic nitrogen fertilizers nd some other tretments on vegettive growth chrcters of young Klmt olive trees t the first two yers of plnting. The soil ws chrcterized by: ph = 8.82, EC =1.11 ds/m, orgnic mtter =.31%, CCO 3 =12.8 %, Snd = 63 %,Silt = 13 % nd cly = 3%. The soil texture grde ws sndy. Drip irrigtion system ws pplied using river Nile wter. Plnting distnce ws 5 5 meters prt. The following tretments were pplied: 1- Control: recommendtion of M.A.R.L. () (g ctul nitrogen 5 g mmonium sulfte s minerl nitrogen source) + plnting holes preprtion. 2- Minerl nitrogen only %. 3- Orgnic nitrogen source % (cttle mnure g ctul nitrogen). 4- Minerl nitrogen source 5 % + orgnic nitrogen source 5 % (chicken mnure). 5- Minerl nitrogen source % + humic cid (monthly doses from Mrch to November ech 2 ml/plnt). 6- Minerl nitrogen source % + ctived dry yest s drench tretment three times in Mrch, July nd October ech t 3 g/plnt. 7- Minerl nitrogen source % + one spry of GA 3 cid t 5 ppm in Mrch. 8- Minerl nitrogen source 5 % + se lge in Mrch nd June ech t 5 g/plnt. Cttle mnure nlysis ws: N = 1.6%, P = 46% nd K =.51%. Chicken mnure nlysis ws: N =3.47%, P =.67% nd K =.64%. Se lge nlysis: N =8%, P = 2%, K = 4%, chelte microelements = 4% nd trces of vitmins + mino cids. Ammonium sulfte ws divided into five equl doses through growing seson. All these tretments were repeted in the second seson except holes preprtion with control plnts only in the first seson. The tretments were rrnged in rndomized complete block design in simple experiment with four replictes for ech tretment nd ech replicte ws represented by one plnt. At the end of ech seson t mid November four plnts s replictes for ech tretment were removed genteelly with their root system to estimte nd record the following dt for ech cv individully: 1- Plnt height (cm). 2- Stem dimeter (cm) ws mesured t 5cm bove the grfting zone. 3- Lterl shoot length verge (cm). 4- Lef number per plnt. 5- Lterl shoot number per plnt. 6-Percentge of plnt height increment 7- Whole plnt dry weight (g). Dt obtined throughout this study were sttisticlly nlyzed using the nlysis of vrince method s reported by (Snedecor nd Cochrn, 198) nd the differences between mens were differentited by using Duncn's rnge test. 3. Results nd Discussion: Effect of In tretments control plots, on growth plnting chrcters: holes were prepred by dding 5 kg c Fig.( 1 ) show tht, Insignificnt differences mong tretment were found in both sesons in vlues of plnt height But one cn notice tht the second tretment (% minerl nitrogen) gve the highest vlue in the first seson(38.8 cm) nd the lowest vlue ws obtined by humic cid nd se lge tretments (35 cm &35 cm). In the second seson the sixth tretment recorded the highest vlue (78.3 cm) nd the lowest vlues were shown by the forth tretment with 5% chicken mnure nd seventh tretment with GA 3 (77 cm &77 cm). Stem dimeter fig.( 2 ) show tht, dt showed insignificnt differences mong tretments in 339

3 both sesons. In ddition ll tretments recorded the sme vlue in the second seson (1.5 cm). Lterl shoot number per plnt, fig.( 3 ) show tht, insignificnt differences mong tretments in both sesons. However, the first tretment (control) recorded the lowest vlue in first seson (3.5) compred with other tretments. In the second seson sixth tretment with yest showed the lowest vlue (7.3). Lterl shoot length fig.( 4 ) show tht, Insignificnt differences mong tretments in both sesons were recorded. But one cn notice tht, the sixth tretment with yest gve the highest vlue in both sesons (18.3 cm &68.7 cm respectivly). On the other hnd, fig (5) showed tht the fifth tretment with humic cid nd the seventh tretment with GA3 spry gve the highest significnt vlues of lef number fig.( 5 ) show tht, per plnt compred with ll other tretments in the first seson, but in the second seson, the differences mong tretments lke significnce. Percentge of plnt height increment fig.( 6 ) show tht, The seventh nd the eighth tretments gve lower significnt vlues thn other tretments in the first seson.but in the second seson differences mong tretments lke significnt. Whole plnt dry weight fig.( 7 ) show tht, result indicted tht tret.5(% minerl N+HA) showed the significntly gretest vlue (8g) compred with tret. 8 (5%minerl N +se lge )(34g) in the first seson. Differences mong other studied tretments were insignificnt. In the second seson, no significnt differences could be detected, lthough the eighth tretment showed the lowest vlue (144.3 g.). Plnt Height(cm) Tretments Fig. (1): Effect of minerl, orgnic nitrogen nd some other tretments on plnt height(cm) of Klmt olive cv. young trees in nd sesons. Stem Dimeter(cm) Tretments 7 Fig. (2): Effect of minerl, orgnic nitrogen nd some other tretments on stem dimeter(cm) of Klmt olive cv. young trees in nd sesons. 34

4 Shoot NO./Plnt Tretments Fig. (3): Effect of minerl, orgnic nitrogen nd some other tretments on shoot No./plnt of Klmt olive cv. young trees in nd sesons Shoot length(cm) Tretments Fig. (4): Effect of minerl, orgnic nitrogen nd some other tretments on verge shoot length(cm) of Klmt olive cv. young trees in nd sesons. Lef No. /Plnt bc bc c b Tretments Fig. (5): Effect of minerl, orgnic nitrogen nd some other tretments on lef No. /plnt of Klmt olive cv. young trees in nd sesons. bc bc 341

5 Percentge of Plnt height increment Tretments Fig. (6): Effect of minerl, orgnic nitrogen nd some other tretments on percentge of plnt height increment of Klmt olive cv. young trees in nd sesons b b Whole plnt dry weight (g) b b b b Tretments Fig. (7): Effect of minerl, orgnic nitrogen nd some other tretments on whole plnt dry weight (g) of Klmt olive cv. young trees in nd sesons. b b b Finlly it could be noticed tht plnt height, shoot number, shoot length, leves number nd stem dimeter were not ffected by different tretments Insignificnt differences mong tretment in both sesons in vlues of plnt height,, stem dimeter lterl shoot number per plnt nd lterl shoot length verge. Menwhile, the fifth tretment with humic cid nd seventh tretment with GA 3 spry gve highest significnt vlues of lef number per plnt compred with ll other tretments in the first seson, but in the second seson, the differences mong tretments lke significnce. Concerning the whole plnt dry weight, no significnt differences mong tretments could be noticed in both sesons. These results re in hrmony with those found by Fernández-Escobr et. l.(1999), they reported tht, folir ppliction of leonrdite extrcts(humic substnces extrcted) under field conditions, stimulted shoot growth of young olive plnts. Moreover we cn dded tht, growth prmeters were not ffected by most tretments, this my be ttributed to low nutritionl demnd of young olive trees s mentioned by Xiloynnis et. l. (2) they showed tht, demnd of irrigted olive trees, cultivr Cortin for P nd K is miniml during the first four yers fter plnting nd cn be fulfilled by nturlly supplied soils. Low doses of N should be pplied through loclized fertiliztion during the yer. Moreover, Nwf nd Yr (26) found tht, young olive trees benefit from low levels of NPK nd N lone nd dditionl fertilizers would not be significnt. However, NPK re consider to be essentil element for plnt growth nd development. The 16 g NPK nd 32 g N significntly gve the highest shoot nd root dry weight, this probbly due to nitrogen concentrtion which incresed dry mtter ccumultion in roots nd decresed shoot: root rtio. 342

6 Corresponding uthor H. S. A. Hssn Pomolgy Deprtment, Ntionl Reserch center, Ciro, Dokki-Egypt. 4. References: 1. Abdel Fth H. Gehn; Boshr A. El Syed nd S.M. Shhin (): The role of humic cid in reducing the hrmful effect of irrigtion with sline wter on tifwy turf.j. Bio. Chem. Environ. Sci.Vol.3 (1): Fernández-Escobr R.; M. Benlloch; D. Brrnco; A. Dueñs nd J. A. Gutérrez Gñán (1999): Response of olive trees to folir ppliction of humic substnces extrcted from leonrdite. Scienti Horticulture Vol. 66, 3-4, October, Pges Hegzy, E. S.; M. R. El-Sonbty ; Ahmed M. Dorri nd T. F. El-Shrnoby (): Effect of orgnic nd bio-fertiliztion on vegettive growth nd flowering of Picul olive trees.wold Journl of Agriculturl Science 3(2): M.A.L.R. (): Ministry of Agriculture nd Lnd Reclmtion Economic Affirs - Study of Importnt the Agriculture Sttics, Vol.(2)p M.A.L.R. (): Ministry of Agriculture nd Lnd Reclmtion.Modern technique for olive cultivtion nd production. Horticultur Resesch Institute, Agriculture Reserch Center bulletin No. 15(in Arbic). 6. Monge, E., J. Vl; J.L. Espd; F. Orús nd J. Betrn (2): Effects of orgnic wstes on olive minerl nutrition nd its influence on fruit qulity. Preliminry results for mcronutrients. Act Horticulture 512: Mostf, E. A. M. nd M. S. Abou Ry (23): Effect of soil ppliction of ctive dry yest on growth, yield nd fruit qulity of Grnd Nin bnn cv.. Arb Univ. J. of Agric. Sci. Vol. 12(2): Nwf, M. Feriht nd Yr K. Ms`deh (26): Response of two-yer-old tree of four olive cultivrs to fertiliztion. Amricn- Ersin J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 1 (3): Sheo, G. S. I. P. (1999): Effect of folir ppliction of ure, GA3 nd ZnSO4 on seedling growth of two citrus species. J. Appl. Hort., 1(1): Sidhmed O.A. (1987): Effects of different levels of gibberellic cid (GA 3 ) on growth of sour ornge (C.Aurntium L.) Seedlings. Act Horticulture 84: V Afric Symposium on Horticulturl Crops. 11. Smith D. J. And W. W. Schwbe (1984): Accelertion of erly growth of seedlings nd rooted cuttings of Quercus robur L.. Forestry, 57(2): Snedecor, G. W. nd W. G. Cochrn (198) Sttisticl Methods. 7 th Ed.57 pp Iow Stte Univ. Press, Ames. Iow, U.S.A Xiloynnis C.; G. Celno; A.M. Plese; B. Dichio nd V. Nuzzo (2): Minerl nutrient uptke from the soil in irrigted olive trees, cultivr Cortin, over six yers fter plnting. Act Horticulture 586: IV Interntionl Symposium on Olive Growing. 6/6/21 343