Chapter 10 Reading Questions

Transcription

1 Chapter 10 Reading Questions Vocabulary Learn the definition of each term. The italicized words are not necessarily in the textbook. The bold words require you to know more than just the definition. Tragedy of the commons Externality Maximum sustainable yield National parks Managed resources protected areas Habitat/species management areas Strict nature reserves and wilderness areas Protected landscapes and seascapes National monuments Resource Conservation Ethic Multiple- use lands Bureau of Land Management (BLM) US Forest Service (USFS) National Parks Service (NPS) Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) Rangelands Overgrazing Taylor Grazing Act Clear- cutting Selective cutting Sustainable forestry Tree plantation Reforestation Prescribed burn Wildlife refuge Wilderness areas NEPA Environmental impact study Suburban lands Exurban lands Urban sprawl Urban blight Induced demand Zoning Transit- oriented development Infill Urban growth boundaries Eminent domain Buffer zone Crown fires Decibel- a (dba) Ground fires Habitat corridors Healthy Forest Initiative Light pollution Microclimate Mixed- use development Noise pollution Smart growth Surface fires Tree plantation Urban heat island 1. What change in Maxxam s policies triggered Julia Hill s decision to stage the tree- sit in protest? 2. Maxxam legally owned the land which it was cutting and on which Julia staged her protest. Her actions broke the law and cost the company millions of dollars. Was she justified in her actions? Explain. 3. In the tragedy of the commons, why do self- interested farmers ultimately wind up taking actions that lead to their own ruin? 4. How can government regulation of resources solve the tragedy of the commons? 1

2 5. How can private ownership of resources solve the tragedy of the commons without government? 6. How can we calculate the Maximum Sustainable Yield of a resource such as a fishery or a forest? 7. Approximately how much of Earth s land is legally protected for environmental reasons? 8. Fill the in the table below: Typically used for Examples National Parks Managed Resource Protected Areas 9. Which 3 human activities each use 20% or more of the United States total land? 10. Which US Government agency would be in charge of protecting lands that are home to sensitive populations of fish, birds, amphibians, bears, etc.? 11. What traits define a rangeland, and what are they commonly used for? 12. Why are rangelands so fragile? Why do we continue to use them if they are so fragile? 13. What criteria does the BLM use to assess rangeland health? 2

3 14. How have the Taylor Act and BLM regulation failed to consistently protect rangelands? 15. What types of policies would you recommend the BLM follow in order to manage rangeland use more sustainably? 16. What are the three primary techniques that are used to harvest timber from a forest, and what practices define each? 17. What are the main problems with tree plantations? 18. What is the natural role of fires in many ecosystems? 19. How do human policies aimed at preventing fires actually make fires worse? 20. What type of fire- management policies are now favored instead of fire- suppression? 21. Why were natural parks established, and what principles does the National Park Service follow when managing them? 22. What characterizes lands designated as national wildlife refuges and national wilderness areas? 23. What is an Environmental Impact Study, and why do developers need to conduct them? 24. What changes have occurred in residential patterns over the last 50 years in America? 25. What characterizes lands caught up in urban sprawl? 3

4 26. Summarize how each of the following cause urban sprawl: Contribution to suburban sprawl Automobiles & highways Living costs Urban blight Government policies 27. List the 10 basic principles of Smart Growth, and the essential point of each principle: Principle What it means/importance

5 Additional Work: Answer all the MC questions and FRQ #1 at the end of Chpt