Recent trends in studies on biodiversity and ecosystem services in Japan

Transcription

1 Recent trends in studies on biodiversity and ecosystem services in Japan Tohru Nakashizuka Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN) Tohoku University Assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem services Development of methods and tools Geographical mapping Scenario analyses New trends Trade-offs among ES and other resources Quantitative and/or economic evaluation Necessary studies

2 Assessments on biodiversity and ecosystem services Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Global Biodiversity Outlook 3 (2010) Japan Biodiversity Outlook (2010) Japan Satoyama-Satoumi Subglobal Assessment (2010) Global Biodiversity Outlook 4 (2014) Japan Biodiversity Outlook 2 (2015)

3 Many services are still declining Underuse is one of the causes of decline Cultural services rooted in local communities are diminishing From JBO2 3

4 Methods used for assessments

5 Time trends of provisioning services X 10 4 m 3 X 10 8 yen Broadleaf trees Conifers Value Amount of timber provision (volume, commercial value) From JBO2 5

6 S-9: Change in ecosystem services Photosynthetic ability of trees Tree abundance for honey Tree species richness Diversity of tree usages Decrease Increase Aiba et al. in preparation

7 Drivers (land cover change) to cause ES change Photosynthetic ability of trees 樹木の光合成能力 ブナクラス域自然植生 Primary f. 市街地等 urban ブナクラス域代償植生 Secondary f. urban 市街地等ブナクラス域自然植生 ブナクラス域代償植生ブナクラス域代償植生 植林地ブナクラス域自然植生 植林地植林地 市街地等 その他の変化による減少 その他の変化による増加 植林地 Conifer p. secondary v. Conifer p. secondary v. ブナクラス域代償植生 Tree species richness その他の変化による増加 樹木種数変化への影響 ブナクラス域代償植生 市街地等ブナクラス域自然植生 市街地等ヤブツバキクラス域自然植生 Primary f. urban Secondary f. urban ヤブツバキクラス域自然植生 市街地等河辺 湿原 沼沢地 砂丘植生 市街地等 その他の変化による減少 ヤブツバキクラス域代償植 ヤブツバキクラス域代償植生 ブナクラス域代償植生 Conifer p. secondary v. 植林地 ブナクラス域代償植生 Conifer p. secondary v. -1e-04 0e+00 1e-04 2e-04 3e-04 4e-04 Tree abundance for honey その他の変化による増加 蜜源樹木断面積合計 ブナクラス域自然植生 Primary f. 市街地等 urban ブナクラス域代償植生 Secondary f. urban 市街地等ブナクラス域自然植生 ブナクラス域代償植生ヤブツバキクラス域自然植生 ヤブツバキクラス域代償ブナクラス域代償植生 植林地 その他の変化による減少 ヤブツバキクラス域代償植生 ブナクラス域代償植生植林地 ブナクラス域代償植生 -5e-04 0e+00 5e-04 1e-03 Diversity of tree 変化への影響 usages 樹木利用法数 その他の変化による増加 -4e-04-2e-04 0e+00 2e-04 4e-04 (-) Effects 変化への影響 (+) 変化への影響 (-) Effects (+) ブナクラス域自然植生 Primary f. 市街地等 urban ブナクラス域代償植生 Secondary f. urban 市街地等河辺 湿原 沼沢地 砂丘植生 市街地等ヤブツバキクラス域自然植生 ヤブツバキクラヤブツバキクラス域代償植生 市街地等植林地 市街地等 植林地 その他の変化による減少 ブナクラス域代償植生 Aiba et al. in preparation

8 Predicted change in potential range for bamboo spp. 8/23 創生 C 高薮グループ日比野氏と共同で制作 17

9 Tradeoff Synergy Case by case 水 Water 食糧 燃料 繊維 Ffood, fuel, fiber 化学物質 Chemical 遺伝資源 Genetic resource 気候 洪水の制御 Climate and flood control 病気の制御 Disease control 無毒化 Detoxification リクリエーション Recreation 発想 教育 Idea, education 生物多様性 Biodiversity 水 Water 無毒化 Detoxification 食糧 燃料 繊維 Food fuel, fiber 化学物質 Chemical 遺伝資源 Genetic resource 気候 洪水の制御 Climate and flood control 病気の制御 Disease control Provisioning Regulating Cultural リクリエーション Recreation 発想 教育 Idea, Education 象徴性 Symbol

10 Further linkages out of Water-Energy-Food Nexus Environmental water Water Run-off water Ecosystem services Energy Food Carbon sequestration Provisioning services Cultural service Biofuel Regulating service

11 TEEB (2010) : Ecological and Economic Foundatuions TEEB (2011) TEEB in national and International Policy Making TEEB (2012) TEEB in Business andd Enterprise TEEB (2012) TEEB in Local and Regional Policy and Management

12 生態系ごとの経済評価額 McVittie A., Hussain S. S. (2013) The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity - Valuation Database Manual

13 Natural capital Russi D. and ten Brink P. (2013). Natural Capital Accounting and Water Quality: Commitments, Benefits, Needs and Progress. A Briefing Note. The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB). Inclusive Wealth 包括的富 ( 新国富 ) UNU-IHDP and UNEP (2014). Inclusive Wealth Report Measuring progress toward sustainability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

14 Pluralistic valuation of Nature s contribution to people (NCP) Pascual et al. 2017

15 Predicting and Assessing Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services (PANCES) (FY ) Crises that biodiversity and ecosystem services are confronting in Japan Crisis 1: Overuse Crisis 2: Underuse Crisis 3: Invasive spp. Crisis 4: Global changes Theme 1. Development of an integrated model of social-ecological systems and scenario analysis < Assessment and projection of natural values from ecosystem services> Theme 2. Terrestrial ESs Provisioning Assessment and projection of socioeconomic values of ESs Regulating Natural Capital Theme 4. Theme 3. Marine ESs Cultural Multilevel governance of natural capital and inclusive wellbeing Drivers (direct & indirect) <Social Changes> Depopulation Land use change Underuse Science and Technology Trade, etc. <Environmental Changes> Climate change Ocean acidification Natural disasters, etc. Contribution to sustainable development and the inclusive wellbeing based on the mid-long term assessment and projection Feasibility study of other Asian areas (Theme 1) 15

16 Issues to be studied Accurate quantification of ecosystem services Regulation of biological processes Cultural services Interlinkages among ES and other resources Valuation Improvement of natural capital estimation Pluralistic valuation Contribution to well-being Scenario analyses Climate change + socio-economic senarios Quantitative models Multi-layered governance Multi-resource, multi-scale, multi-stakeholders