Carbon Stock Es.mate of Malaysian Palm Oil Planta.ons

Transcription

1 Carbon Stock Es.mate of Malaysian Palm Oil Planta.ons Kho Lip Khoon Tropical Peat Research Ins.tute Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Malaysia

2 Talk structure Carbon cycle and alloca.on Assessment of carbon stock Review of total carbon stock Current related study

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4 Fate of Anthropogenic CO 2 Emissions ( average) 8.6 ± 0.4 GtC/yr 92% 4.3±0.1 GtC/yr 45% 0.8 ± 0.5 GtC/yr 8% ± 0.5 GtC/yr 27% 2.6 ± 0.8 GtC/yr 27% Calculated as the residual of all other flux components Source: Le Quéré et al 2013; CDIAC Data; Global Carbon Project 2013

5 Pan et al., 2013, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.

6 Photosynthesis Carbon Cycle of Oil Palm 96% of total annual dry ma0er produc4on is stored in the above ground biomass Frond Fruit bunch Produc4vity is a major factor shaping the amount and distribu4on of terrestrial biomass Oil palms sequester and store substan4al carbon with a life cycle of years Carbon stored in the soil through recycling of the aboveground biomass Recycling annual dry ma0er through maintenance pruning Shoot respira;on Total soil respira.on Shoot Detritus frond pile Root growth and turnover Root respira;on Soil heterotrophic respira;on Roots Detritus roots

7 Talk Structure Carbon cycle and alloca.on Assessment of carbon stock Review of total carbon stock Current related study

8 Destruc.ve sampling Pioneering studies conducted in Peninsular Malaysia Ng et al., 1968 (Ban.ng, Selangor) Corley et al., 1971 (Johor) Khalid et al., 1999 (Kluang, Johor) Sarawak

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10 Trunk

11 Frond

12 Pe.ole

13 Root

14 Every livle detail

15 Non- destruc.ve sampling Allometric equa.ons for palm components Modelling Biomass remote sensing

16 How do we monitor/ measure? Through comprehensive measurements of all major components of the vegeta.on carbon cycle ideally at monthly or seasonal.mescales at mul.ple and contras.ng sites across the tropics to standardized protocols along environmental and disturbance gradients, and in experimental manipula.ons

17 Frond

18 Rachis

19 Frond Base

20 Diameter trunk

21 Talk Structure Carbon cycle and alloca.on Assessment of carbon stock Review of total carbon stock Current related study

22 Total carbon stock of oil palm from selected sites in Malaysia Loca2on Method Soil Plan2ng density (palms/ ha) Age (year) Total carbon stock (Mg C ha - 1 ) Source Ban.ng, Selangor D Coastal alluvial Ng et al., 1968 Inlands/ coastal Johor D Latosols/ alluvial 148/ Corley et al., 1971 Kluang, Johor D Inland mineral Khalid et al 1999a; 1999b Teluk Intan Research Sta.on, Perak ND Deep peat Henson & Dolmat 2003 Peninsular Malaysia M Mineral Deep peat Henson 2004 Malaysia (na.onal average) M Henson 2003 Sandakan, Sabah ND Immature Mature Morel et al 2011 Pasoh, Negeri Sembilan M ND Sandy clay loam Adachi et al 2011 Ban.ng, Selangor ND Coastal alluvial Henson (1995) Coastal site, Selangor Inland site, Negeri Sembilan Incep.sol Ul.sol ND ND Henson (1998) Kho & Mar.n, in review, Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography

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24 Talk Structure Carbon cycle and alloca.on Assessment of carbon stock Review of total carbon stock Current related study

25 Current Intensive Effort by MPOB Research Team Carbon intensive plot (1 ha): Logged- over forest (lowland) > 15 years (Biodiversity Strip MPOB Belaga) Lowland dipterocarp forest (Lambir Hills Na.onal Park) Ladang Lambir (SOPB) 2002 estate 1985 estate 1990 estate 1992 estate Ladang Sabaju/ Sebungan peat planta.on (SOPB) Logged- over peatswamp forest (Sebauh, Bintulu. Sarawak)

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27 Oil palm planta.on on mineral soil Lambir Estate, Miri, Sarawak

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29 Oil palm planta.on on peat Sabaju Estate, Sebauh, Sarawak

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33 Lowland dipterocarp forest Lambir Hills Na.onal Park, Miri, Sarawak

34 Rhizotron LiVerfall trap

35 Kho et al. (2013), J. Geophys. Res.: Biogeosci.

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37 Logged- over forest MPOB Biodiversity Strip, Belaga, Sarawak

38 Logged- over peat swamp forest Sebauh, Sarawak

39 Partners/ collaborators Global Ecosystems Monitoring Network (GEM) Centre for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS) Sarawak Oil Palms Berhad University of Aberdeen University of St. Andrews Environmental Change Ins.tute, University of Oxford University of Hyogo University of Nagoya University of Edinburgh

40 Message Data on older palms in par.cular are too few to consistently es.mate their standing biomass with any accuracy Improving the dataset for oil palm should be a priority for future carbon stock analyses across Southeast Asia. It is impera.ve to understand the contribu.on of oil palm to global biomass changes and carbon produc.vity Calculate the amount of carbon stored in oil palm, and to monitor for any changes over.me Provide the state of oil palm and how they are changing

41 Biomass mapping Sampling Drying Weighing Calculate Map Calculate the amount of carbon stored in oil palm planta.ons, and to monitor for any changes over.me Provide the state of oil palm and how they are changing

42 TERIMA KASIH