Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass)

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass)"

Transcription

1 Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Florida. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R., D.A. Onderdonk, A.M. Fox, R.K. Stocker, and C. Gantz. 28. Predicting Invasive Plants in Florida using the Australian Weed Risk Assessment. Invasive Plant Science and Management : Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass) Question number Question Answer Score. Is the species highly domesticated? n.2 Has the species become naturalised where grown?.3 Does the species have weedy races? 2. Species suited to Florida's USDA climate zones (-low; -intermediate; 2-2 high) 2.2 Quality of climate match data (-low; -intermediate; 2-high) Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y 2.4 Native or naturalized in habitats with periodic inundation y 2.5 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its y natural range? 3. Naturalized beyond native range y 3.2 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y 3.3 Weed of agriculture y 3.4 Environmental weed y 3.5 Congeneric weed y 4. Produces spines, thorns or burrs y 4.2 Allelopathic y 4.3 Parasitic n 4.4 Unpalatable to grazing animals y 4.5 Toxic to animals n 4.6 Host for recognised pests and pathogens 4.7 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans n 4.8 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y 4.9 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle n 4. Grows on infertile soils (oligotrophic, limerock, or excessively draining y soils) 4. Climbing or smothering growth habit n 4.2 Forms dense thickets y

2 5. Aquatic n 5.2 Grass y 5.3 Nitrogen fixing woody plant n 5.4 Geophyte n 6. Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat 6.2 Produces viable seed y 6.3 Hybridizes naturally y 6.4 Self-compatible or apomictic n 6.5 Requires specialist pollinators n 6.6 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y 6.7 Minimum generative time (years) 7. Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily y trafficked areas) 7.2 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y 7.3 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant? 7.4 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y 7.5 Propagules water dispersed n 7.6 Propagules bird dispersed n 7.7 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)? Propagules dispersed by other animals (internally) n 8. Prolific seed production y 8.2 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (> yr) n 8.3 Well controlled by herbicides y 8.4 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation or cultivation y 8.5 Effective natural enemies present in Florida, or east of the continental divide Total Score Outcome Reject* *Used secondary screen from: Daehler, C. C., J.L. Denslow, S. Ansari, and H. Kuo. 24. A risk assessment system for screening out harmful invasive pest plants from Hawaii s and other Pacific islands. Conserv. Biol. 8:

3 section # questions answered satisfy minimum? A 8 yes B yes C 2 yes total 39 yes Data collected Question number Reference Source data. cultivated, but no evidence of selection for reduced weediness Bryson and Carter (993) Cogongrass, Technology 7: Weber (23) Invasive Plant Species of the World. CABI Publishing. 2. Holm, Plucknett, Pancho, and Herberger (977) The World's Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology. The University Press of Hawaii, 2.5. Huxley (992) The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. The MacMillan Press, London. 2. Holm, Plucknett, Pancho, and Herberger (977) The World's Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology. The University Press of Hawaii, 3. Bryson and Carter (993) Cogongrass, Technology 7: Weber (23) Invasive Plant Species of the World. CABI Publishing Avav (2) Control of speargrass (Imperata cylindrica) with glycophosphate and fluazifopbutyl for soybean (Glycine max) production in savanna zone of Nigeria. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 8: Brook (989) Review of literature on Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel with particular reference to South East Asia. Tropical Pest Management 35: Holm, Plucknett, Pancho, and Herberger (977) The World's Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology. The "Cogongrass...is widely distributed on all continents except Antarctica.". "Where native, this grass is found in poorly drained, damp soils and on riverbanks." 2. "Its habitat includes the dry sand dunes of shores and deserts as well as swamps and river margins." Cogongrass is used horticulturally () and has been introduced and cultivated in many parts of the world for thatch, papermaking, forage, and erosion control (2). "Cogongrass...is widely distributed on all continents except Antarctica." invades disturbed sites. "Speargrass (Imperata cylindrica) is the most widespread perennial weed in soybean-producing areas of Nigeria." 2. "Imperata cylindrica is also considered a serious weed in plantations where the canopy has not closed" 3. "Seventy-three countries report that it is a weed in 35 crops which are as different in their cultural systems as tomatoes and coconuts." 3

4 University Press of Hawaii, 3.4 Weber (23) Invasive Plant Species of the World. CABI Publishing eedlist.pdf 2. Holm (979) A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. John Wiley and Sons. 4. Terry, Adjers, Akobundu, Anoka, Drilling, Tjitrosemito, and Utomo (997) Herbicides and mechanical control of I. cylindrica as a first step in grassland rehabilitation. Agroforestry Systems 36: Bryson and Carter (993) Cogongrass, Technology 7: Brook (989) Review of literature on Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel with particular reference to South East Asia. Tropical Pest Management 35: Holm, Plucknett, Pancho, and Herberger (977) 4.4. Dozier, Gaffney, McDonald, Johnson, and Shilling (998) Cogongrass in the United States: history, ecology, impacts, and management. Weed Technology 2: Holm, Plucknett, Pancho, and Herberger (977) The World's Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology. The University Press of Hawaii, 4.5 Holm, Plucknett, Pancho, and Herberger (977) considered an environmental weed in tropical Asia and Hawaii. I. brasiliensis is on the Federal Noxious Weed list. 2. I. brasiliensis is considered a principal weed of agriculture in Trinidad, and a common weed in Argentina. "the sharp points of emerging plants can pierce the feet of humans and livestock". "In addition to competing for light, water, and nutrients, cogongrass interference is caused by allelopathy " 2. "Many workers have reported suspected allelopathy by I. cylindrica leaves and rhizomes." no description of this. "Silica bodies in the leaves contribute to its unpalatability to grazers." 2. Only young growth is eaten by livestock. New growth of cogongrass is used by livestock as a fallback food. [Also, no mention of toxicity in toxicity or horticultural references.] no mention of toxicity in toxicity or horticultural references 4.8. Weber (23) Invasive Plant Species of the World. CABI Publishing. 2. Holm, Plucknett, Pancho, and Herberger (977) The World's Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology. The University Press of Hawaii, 4.9 Brook (989) Review of literature on Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel with particular reference to South East Asia. Tropical Pest Management 35: Garrity, Soekardi, van Noordwijk, de la Cruz, Pathak, Gunasena, van So, Huijun, and Majid (997) The Imperata grasslands of tropical Asia: area, distribution, and typology. Agroforestry Systems 36: Brook (989) Review of. "forms dense stands and is highly flammable" 2. "Dry Imperata produces a major fire hazard in cultivated plantations as well." "Imperata cylindrica is intolerant of shade". "The species was found widely distributed on the full range of soil orders. It occupied both fertile and infertile soils across a wide range of climates and elevations." 2. "Imperata cylindrica has the ability to thrive on 4

5 literature on Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel with particular reference to South East Asia. Tropical Pest Management 35: USDA, NRCS. 25. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 ( Data compiled from various sources by Mark W. Skinner. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA. 4.2 Weber (23) Invasive Plant Species of the World. CABI Publishing. infertile soils." graminoid "forms dense stands"; up to 2 cm tall 5. terrestrial 5.2 USDA, NRCS. 25. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 ( Data compiled from various sources by Mark W. Skinner. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Poaceae 5.3 USDA, NRCS. 25. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 ( Data compiled from various sources by Mark W. Skinner. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Poaceae, and herbaceous 5.4 Bryson and Carter (993) Cogongrass, Technology 7: Holm, Plucknett, Pancho, and Herberger (977) 6.3 Bryson and Carter (993) Cogongrass, Technology 7: McDonald, Shilling, Okoli, Bewick, Gordon, Hall, and Smith (996) Population dynamics of cogongrass, Imperata cylindrica. Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society 49: 56. "It has an extensive fibrous root system " "The species reproduces by seeds " I. cylindrica and I. brasiliensis frequently hybridize. " self-pollination never produced seed" 6.5 most grasses wind pollinated 6.6 Dozier, Gaffney, McDonald, Johnson, and Shilling (998) Cogongrass in the United States: history, ecology, impacts, and management. Weed Technology 2: Holm, Plucknett, Pancho, and Herberger (977) 7. Matlack (22) Exotic plant species in Mississippi, USA: critical issues in management and research. Natural Areas Journal 22: Matlack (22) Exotic plant species in Mississippi, USA: critical issues in management and research. Natural Areas Journal 22: Holm, Plucknett, Pancho, and "Vegetative reproduction is the primary mechanism for survival and local spread" "The seedlings have no rhizomes for 4 weeks." [Even if not capable of reproduction as soon as rhizomes develop, most likely will be capable of reproduction within year] "Range expansion is probably due to seed dispersal unconsciously facilitated by human activity; highway mowing machines are particularly suspect.". "The nursery trade is probably also responsible for spreading cogongrass: the species is sold for its attractive seed heads. A supposedly harmless 5

6 Herberger (977) The World's Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology. The University Press of Hawaii, Terry, Adjers, Akobundu, Anoka, Drilling, Tjitrosemito, and Utomo (997) Herbicides and mechanical control of I. cylindrica as a first step in grassland rehabilitation. Agroforestry Systems 36: horticultural variety known as "red baron" may revert to a virile wild form when cross-bred." 2. "Imperata cylindrica is so highly regarded for thatching that it is planted and tended as a crop in many areas of Asia" "I. cylindrica is a prolific producer of seeds which are dispersed by wind over long distances to colonize cleared or previously uninfested land." 7.5 no evidence 7.6 wind-dispersed grass wind-dispersed grass 8.. Holm, Plucknett, Pancho, and Herberger (977) The World's Worst Weeds: Distribution and 2. Terry, Adjers, Akobundu, Anoka, Drilling, Tjitrosemito, and Utomo (997) Herbicides and mechanical control of I. cylindrica as a first step in grassland rehabilitation. Agroforestry Systems 36: Bryson and Carter (993) Cogongrass, Technology 7: FAO, Grassland Index ( /data/pf26.htm). 3. Brook (989) Review of literature on Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel with particular reference to South East Asia. Tropical Pest Management 35: Dozier, Gaffney, McDonald, Johnson, and Shilling (998) Cogongrass in the United States: history, ecology, impacts, and management. Weed Technology 2: Avav (2) Control of speargrass (Imperata cylindrica) with glycophosphate and fluazifopbutyl for soybean (Glycine max) production in savanna zone of Nigeria. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 8: King and Grace (2) The effects of gap size and. A single plant can produce 3, seeds. 2. "I. cylindrica is a prolific producer of seeds". "Indications are that seed viability is extremely short-lived." 2. "There is no dormancy." But 3. "seeds remain viable for over year" [no mention of whether in soil or not] "Imazapyr and glyphosate are the most effective herbicides for cogongrass control. Younger cogongrass shoots are very susceptible to these herbicides Some combinations of herbicide, discing, and revegetation with desirable plant species provide excellent control.". "The spread of I. cylindrica in the savanna is favoured by the annual bush fires which stimulate the weed to produce seeds, and by the mechanical cultivation that tends to 6

7 8.5 disturbance type on invasion of wet pine savanna by cogongrass, Imperata cylindrica (Poaceaea). American Journal of Botany 87: cut rhizomes into pieces which regenerate and rapidly give rise to new infestation." 2. "Tilling...significantly enhanced transplanted seedling growth" 7

Sporobolus indicus (smutgrass)

Sporobolus indicus (smutgrass) Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Florida. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R., D.A. Onderdonk, A.M. Fox, R.K. Stocker, and C. Gantz. 28. Predicting Invasive Plants in

More information

Schefflera actinophylla (umbrella tree)

Schefflera actinophylla (umbrella tree) Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Florida. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R., D.A. Onderdonk, A.M. Fox, R.K. Stocker, and C. Gantz. 28. Predicting Invasive Plants in

More information

Rotboellia cochinchinensis (itchgrass)

Rotboellia cochinchinensis (itchgrass) Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Florida. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R., D.A. Onderdonk, A.M. Fox, R.K. Stocker, and C. Gantz. 28. Predicting Invasive Plants in

More information

Myrtus communis (myrtle)

Myrtus communis (myrtle) Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R., D.A. Onderdonk, A.M. Fox, R.K. Stocker, and C. Gantz. 28. Predicting Invasive Plants in Florida

More information

Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple)

Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple) Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Florida. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R., D.A. Onderdonk, A.M. Fox, R.K. Stocker, and C. Gantz. 28. Predicting Invasive Plants in

More information

Murraya paniculata (orange jasmine)

Murraya paniculata (orange jasmine) Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R., D.A. Onderdonk, A.M. Fox, R.K. Stocker, and C. Gantz. 28. Predicting Invasive Plants in Florida

More information

Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Florida.

Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Florida. Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Florida. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R., D.A. Onderdonk, A.M. Fox, R.K. Stocker, and C. Gantz. 2008. Predicting Invasive Plants

More information

Y Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its

Y Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for United States. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R. and C.A. Gantz. 2008. Potential impacts on the horticultural industry of screening

More information

Epipremnum pinnatum cv. Aureum (pothos) Has the species become naturalised where grown? y

Epipremnum pinnatum cv. Aureum (pothos) Has the species become naturalised where grown? y Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R., D.A. Onderdonk, A.M. Fox, R.K. Stocker, and C. Gantz. 28. Predicting Invasive Plants in Florida

More information

Cestrum nocturnum All Zones

Cestrum nocturnum All Zones Assessment date 2 May 2017 Cestrum nocturnum All Zones Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0 1.02 Has the species become naturalised where grown? 1.03 Does the species have weedy races?

More information

Genipa americana (genipap)

Genipa americana (genipap) Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Florida. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R., D.A. Onderdonk, A.M. Fox, R.K. Stocker, and C. Gantz. 28. Predicting Invasive Plants in

More information

Chrysosplenium valdivicum Question number Question Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0

Chrysosplenium valdivicum Question number Question Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0 Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for United States. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R. and C.A. Gantz. 2008. Potential impacts on the horticultural industry of screening

More information

Dillenia reticulata Question number Question Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0

Dillenia reticulata Question number Question Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0 Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for United States. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R. and C.A. Gantz. 2008. Potential impacts on the horticultural industry of screening

More information

Euonymus fortunei var. radicans North

Euonymus fortunei var. radicans North Assessment date 11 January August 2016 Euonymus fortunei var. radicans North Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0 1.02 Has the species become naturalised where grown? 1.03 Does the

More information

Invasive Species Management Plans for Florida

Invasive Species Management Plans for Florida Invasive Species Management Plans for Florida Cogongrass Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. Poaceae INTRODUCTION Cogongrass is an aggressive, rhizomatous, perennial grass that is distributed throughout the

More information

Evaluation of Cogongrass Control Techniques for Nonindustrial Private Landowners in Mississippi*

Evaluation of Cogongrass Control Techniques for Nonindustrial Private Landowners in Mississippi* Evaluation of Cogongrass Control Techniques for Nonindustrial Private Landowners in Mississippi* Jon D. Prevost 1, Donald L. Grebner 2, Jeanne C. Jones 2, Stephen C. Grado 2, Keith L. Belli 2, and John

More information

Alternanthera pungens South & Central ZONES

Alternanthera pungens South & Central ZONES Assessment date 10 July 2017 Alternanthera pungens South & Central ZONES Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0 1.02 Has the species become naturalised where grown? 1.03 Does the species

More information

Faramea multiflora Question number Question Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0

Faramea multiflora Question number Question Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0 Australia/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for United States. Data used for analysis published in: Gordon, D.R. and C.A. Gantz. 2008. Potential impacts on the horticultural industry of screening

More information

Albizia julibrissin -- Georgia

Albizia julibrissin -- Georgia Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Albizia julibrissin -- Georgia 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 14 -- Evaluate this plant further Confidence: 76 / 100 Questions answered: 19 of 20 --

More information

Gaura lindheimeri ALL ZONES

Gaura lindheimeri ALL ZONES Assessment date 16 October 2018 Prepared by Wiley and Lieurance Gaura lindheimeri ALL ZONES Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0 1.02 Has the species become naturalised where grown?

More information

Lagerstroemia indica -- Texas

Lagerstroemia indica -- Texas Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Lagerstroemia indica -- Texas 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 10 -- Accept (low risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 62 / 100 Questions answered: 17 of

More information

Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) Biology, Ecology, and Management in Florida Grazing Lands 1

Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) Biology, Ecology, and Management in Florida Grazing Lands 1 SS-AGR-52 Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) Biology, Ecology, and Management in Florida Grazing Lands 1 B. A. Sellers, J. A. Ferrell, G. E. MacDonald, K. A. Langeland, and S. L. Flory 2 Cogongrass is found

More information

Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) Biology, Ecology, and Management in Florida Grazing Lands 1

Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) Biology, Ecology, and Management in Florida Grazing Lands 1 SS-AGR-52 Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) Biology, Ecology, and Management in Florida Grazing Lands 1 B. A. Sellers, J. A. Ferrell, G. E. MacDonald, K. A. Langeland, and S. L. Flory 2 Cogongrass is found

More information

Triadica sebifera -- Georgia

Triadica sebifera -- Georgia Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Triadica sebifera -- Georgia 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 19 -- Reject (high risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 73 / 100 Questions answered: 19 of

More information

Pyracantha coccinea -- Georgia

Pyracantha coccinea -- Georgia Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Pyracantha coccinea -- Georgia 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 12 -- Accept (low risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 58 / 100 Questions answered: 17 of

More information

Broussonetia papyrifera -- Georgia

Broussonetia papyrifera -- Georgia Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Broussonetia papyrifera -- Georgia 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 16 -- Reject (high risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 78 / 100 Questions answered:

More information

Festuca arundinacea -- Georgia

Festuca arundinacea -- Georgia Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Festuca arundinacea -- Georgia 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 18 -- Reject (high risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 64 / 100 Questions answered: 18 of

More information

Nandina domestica -- Texas

Nandina domestica -- Texas Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Nandina domestica -- Texas 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 18 -- Reject (high risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 80 / 100 Questions answered: 19 of 20

More information

Wisteria sinensis -- Georgia

Wisteria sinensis -- Georgia Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Wisteria sinensis -- Georgia 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 19 -- Reject (high risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 81 / 100 Questions answered: 19 of

More information

Yes. Place on invasive plant list, no further investigation needed. STOP. Yes. Place on invasive plant list, no further investigation needed.

Yes. Place on invasive plant list, no further investigation needed. STOP. Yes. Place on invasive plant list, no further investigation needed. Directions: Place an "X" in the Score column next to the selected answer to each of the four questions.. Is this plant known to occur in the state and listed as "noxious" on any federal or Ohio Department

More information

Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica): Keep it OUT of North Carolina

Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica): Keep it OUT of North Carolina Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica): Keep it OUT of North Carolina Rick Iverson NCDA&CS Key reference for this presentation: http://www.cogongrass.org/conference.cfm Cogongrass Management Guide:Confronting

More information

Jasminum fluminense ALL ZONES

Jasminum fluminense ALL ZONES Assessment date 15 August 2016 Jasminum fluminense ALL ZONES Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0 1.02 Has the species become naturalised where grown? 1.03 Does the species have weedy

More information

Clerodendrum bungei -- Texas

Clerodendrum bungei -- Texas Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Clerodendrum bungei -- Texas 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 15 -- Evaluate this plant further Confidence: 71 / 100 Questions answered: 19 of 20 -- Valid

More information

John Taggart UNCW - EVS

John Taggart UNCW - EVS John Taggart UNCW - EVS COGONGRASS - ID Flower/Seed head - Cylindrical in shape - 2-8 inches in length (total flower or seed head) - Silvery white in color - Light fluffy dandelion-like seeds - Blooms

More information

Nepeta racemosa 'Walker's Low' -- Illinois

Nepeta racemosa 'Walker's Low' -- Illinois Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Nepeta racemosa 'Walker's Low' -- Illinois 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 2 -- Accept (low risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 72 / 100 Questions answered:

More information

Invasive Grasses of Florida: biology and management. Lyn Gettys, PhD University of Florida IFAS Agronomy

Invasive Grasses of Florida: biology and management. Lyn Gettys, PhD University of Florida IFAS Agronomy Invasive Grasses of Florida: biology and management Lyn Gettys, PhD University of Florida IFAS Agronomy lgettys@ufl.edu Life cycle Types of grasses Annual vs. perennial Growth habit Bunching vs. spreading

More information

Colocasia esculenta -- Texas

Colocasia esculenta -- Texas Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Colocasia esculenta -- Texas 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 16 -- Reject (high risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 78 / 100 Questions answered: 18 of

More information

Syringa reticulata -- Minnesota

Syringa reticulata -- Minnesota Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Syringa reticulata -- Minnesota 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 7 -- Accept (low risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 68 / 100 Questions answered: 20 of

More information

CARIBBEAN FOOD CROPS SOCIETY 44 Forty Fourth Annual Meeting 2008

CARIBBEAN FOOD CROPS SOCIETY 44 Forty Fourth Annual Meeting 2008 CARIBBEAN FOOD CROPS SOCIETY 44 Forty Fourth Annual Meeting 2008 Miami, Florida, USA Vol. XLIV - Number 2 Continued Poster Session Abstracts With Some Posters Expanded as Full Papers UF MEETING HOST: UNIVERSITY

More information

Vernicia fordii -- Georgia

Vernicia fordii -- Georgia Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Vernicia fordii -- Georgia 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 18 -- Reject (high risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 66 / 100 Questions answered: 19 of 20

More information

Ulmus pumila -- Minnesota

Ulmus pumila -- Minnesota Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Ulmus pumila -- Minnesota 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 13 -- Evaluate this plant further Confidence: 75 / 100 Questions answered: 19 of 20 -- Valid

More information

Rosa multiflora -- Minnesota

Rosa multiflora -- Minnesota Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Rosa multiflora -- Minnesota 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 16 -- Reject (high risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 81 / 100 Questions answered: 18 of

More information

Predicting and managing invasive plant impacts at the landscape to regional scale

Predicting and managing invasive plant impacts at the landscape to regional scale Predicting and managing invasive plant impacts at the landscape to regional scale Dr Rieks van Klinken CSIRO Entomology (Tropical Invasive Plants) + Justine Murray (CSIRO), Carl Smith, and Clive Click

More information

Lamium maculatum 'Beacon Silver' -- Minnesota

Lamium maculatum 'Beacon Silver' -- Minnesota Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Lamium maculatum 'Beacon Silver' -- Minnesota 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 11 -- Accept (low risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 71 / 100 Questions

More information

Species Dataform and Scoresheet for Miscanthus sinensis Anderson (Chinese silvergrass) Species Dataform and Scoresheet

Species Dataform and Scoresheet for Miscanthus sinensis Anderson (Chinese silvergrass) Species Dataform and Scoresheet Species Dataform and Scoresheet for Miscanthus sinensis Anderson (Chinese silvergrass) Species Dataform and Scoresheet Miscanthus sinensis Anderson (Chinese silvergrass) Native range: Eastern Asia Date

More information

Aquatic Invasive Species

Aquatic Invasive Species - The information presented on pages 1-4 was taken from the 2016 Theme document. For additional information, please see the whole document. What is an invasive species? An invasive species is an exotic

More information

Control of Cogongrass in Forests and Natural Areas

Control of Cogongrass in Forests and Natural Areas Control of Cogongrass in Forests and Natural Areas 2016 Aquatic Weed Control Short Course Coral Springs, FL Pat Minogue, Ph.D., R.F. Associate Professor of Silviculture University of Florida Cogongrass

More information

APPENDIX E. Exotic Species Control Plans (Including Exotic Pest Plant Council s 1999 List of Florida s Most Invasive Species)

APPENDIX E. Exotic Species Control Plans (Including Exotic Pest Plant Council s 1999 List of Florida s Most Invasive Species) APPENDIX E. Exotic Species Control Plans (Including Exotic Pest Plant Council s 1999 List of Florida s Most Invasive Species) E-1 The Florida Exotic pest Council has developed a list of Florida s Most

More information

Yes. Place on invasive plant list, no further investigation needed. STOP. Yes. Place on invasive plant list, no further investigation needed.

Yes. Place on invasive plant list, no further investigation needed. STOP. Yes. Place on invasive plant list, no further investigation needed. Posted Date 7/20/16 Step II Outcome: Directions: Place an "X" in the Score column net to the selected answer to each of the four questions. 1. Is this plant known to occur in the state and listed as "noious"

More information

Berberis thunbergii 'Crimson Pygmy' -- Minnesota

Berberis thunbergii 'Crimson Pygmy' -- Minnesota Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Berberis thunbergii 'Crimson Pygmy' -- Minnesota 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 14 -- Evaluate this plant further Confidence: 69 / 100 Questions answered:

More information

Species Dataform and Scoresheet for Hedera helix L (English ivy) Dataform and Scoresheet

Species Dataform and Scoresheet for Hedera helix L (English ivy) Dataform and Scoresheet Species Dataform and Scoresheet for Hedera helix L (English ivy) Dataform and Scoresheet Hedera helix L (English ivy) Native range: Europe Date evaluated: March 25, 2009 Answer Choices Response Introductory

More information

Cogongrass. Perennial grass, 2 to 6 feet tall Extensive rhizome system Successful in low light environments Forms large monocultures

Cogongrass. Perennial grass, 2 to 6 feet tall Extensive rhizome system Successful in low light environments Forms large monocultures Cogongrass Perennial grass, 2 to 6 feet tall Extensive rhizome system Successful in low light environments Forms large monocultures Research Questions Glyphosate good, imazapyr better some times they work

More information

Vitex agnus-castus -- Texas

Vitex agnus-castus -- Texas Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Vitex agnus-castus -- Texas 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 15 -- Evaluate this plant further Confidence: 69 / 100 Questions answered: 18 of 20 -- Valid

More information

Forsythia 'Sunrise' -- Illinois

Forsythia 'Sunrise' -- Illinois Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Forsythia 'Sunrise' -- Illinois 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 12 -- Accept (low risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 56 / 100 Questions answered: 19 of

More information

WEED RISK ASSESSMENT FORM

WEED RISK ASSESSMENT FORM WEED RISK ASSESSMENT FORM Botanical name: Trifolium repens L. Common name: white clover, ladino clover, Dutch clover Assessors: Irina Lapina Botanist, Alaska Natural Heritage Program, University of Alaska

More information

Table Number. Names School Grade. Part 4: Which plant is the ranger talking about? February 16, 2016

Table Number. Names School Grade. Part 4: Which plant is the ranger talking about? February 16, 2016 - TEAM FORM - Part 4: Which plant is the ranger talking about? Park Ranger Stephen had some conversations with park visitors about the three plant species. He made the following statements. Decide which

More information

Rhododendron 'Electric Lights Double Pink' -- Minnesota

Rhododendron 'Electric Lights Double Pink' -- Minnesota Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Rhododendron 'Electric Lights Double Pink' -- Minnesota 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 0 -- Accept (low risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 98 / 100 Questions

More information

Triadica sebifera -- Texas

Triadica sebifera -- Texas Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Triadica sebifera -- Texas 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 20 -- Reject (high risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 81 / 100 Questions answered: 20 of 20

More information

Sorbus alnifolia -- Minnesota

Sorbus alnifolia -- Minnesota Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Sorbus alnifolia -- Minnesota 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 4 -- Accept (low risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 80 / 100 Questions answered: 19 of 20

More information

Hemerocallis 'Stella d'oro' -- Illinois

Hemerocallis 'Stella d'oro' -- Illinois Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Hemerocallis 'Stella d'oro' -- Illinois 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 7 -- Accept (low risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 69 / 100 Questions answered:

More information

Miscanthus sinensis 'Strictus' -- Minnesota

Miscanthus sinensis 'Strictus' -- Minnesota Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Miscanthus sinensis 'Strictus' -- Minnesota 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 6 -- Accept (low risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 71 / 100 Questions answered:

More information

Making Pasture Weed Control Decisions

Making Pasture Weed Control Decisions Making Pasture Weed Control Decisions Rocky Lemus 1 and Jason Weirich 1 Extension Forage Specialist Visit us at http://msucares.com/crops/forages/index.html As we approach spring growth, weed control becomes

More information

Talk outline. Invasive Species and Roads. Invasive Species. Why is this important? Kudzu. Zebra mussels

Talk outline. Invasive Species and Roads. Invasive Species. Why is this important? Kudzu. Zebra mussels Talk outline Invasive Species and Roads Invasive species introduction How roads affect invasions Managing invasive species Discussion about impacts of invasives Talk will primarily focus on invasive plants

More information

Yes. Place on invasive plant list, no further investigation needed. STOP. Yes. Place on invasive plant list, no further investigation needed.

Yes. Place on invasive plant list, no further investigation needed. STOP. Yes. Place on invasive plant list, no further investigation needed. Ohio Plant Assessment Protocol 7 Posted Date: 7/20/1 Step II Outcome: Directions: Place an "" in the Score column next to the selected answer to each of the four questions. 1. Is this plant known to occur

More information

Miscanthus sinensis 'Purpurascens' -- Minnesota

Miscanthus sinensis 'Purpurascens' -- Minnesota Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Miscanthus sinensis 'Purpurascens' -- Minnesota 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 8 -- Accept (low risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 73 / 100 Questions

More information

ECO-FRIENDLY METHODS OF SPEARGRASS (Imperata cylindrica L.) CONTROL IN THE DERIVED SAVANNA ZONE OF NIGERIA.

ECO-FRIENDLY METHODS OF SPEARGRASS (Imperata cylindrica L.) CONTROL IN THE DERIVED SAVANNA ZONE OF NIGERIA. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management. Vol. 1 no.1 March 2008 ECO-FRIENDLY METHODS OF SPEARGRASS (Imperata cylindrica L.) CONTROL IN THE DERIVED SAVANNA ZONE OF NIGERIA. Ogogo A. U*.;

More information

Digitalis lanata -- Minnesota

Digitalis lanata -- Minnesota Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Digitalis lanata -- Minnesota 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 12 -- Accept (low risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 74 / 100 Questions answered: 18 of

More information

FOR 433. Carolyn Hull Sieg. US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Flagstaff, AZ

FOR 433. Carolyn Hull Sieg. US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Flagstaff, AZ Fire and Invasive Species Carolyn Hull Sieg US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Flagstaff, AZ 1 Topics What is an invasive species? What are the stages of invasion and what characterizes

More information

Identification and Control of Upland Grasses

Identification and Control of Upland Grasses Identification and Control of Upland Grasses Candice M. Prince, Gregory E. MacDonald The University of Florida Identifying Features of Grasses: Photo: Candice Prince Photo: Jose V. Fernandez Classifications:

More information

Invasiveness Score Total

Invasiveness Score Total Weed (Scientific name) Region Management Area Landuse Cytisus scoparius - Fabaceae Sydney Sydney 1. CONSERVATION AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS Assumptions Invasiveness Score Total Q1. What is the ability of

More information

Oregon Department of Agriculture Plant Pest Risk Assessment for Pheasant s eye, Adonis aestivalis L. 2013

Oregon Department of Agriculture Plant Pest Risk Assessment for Pheasant s eye, Adonis aestivalis L. 2013 Oregon Department of Agriculture Plant Pest Risk Assessment for Pheasant s eye, Adonis aestivalis L. 2013 Name: Pheasant s eye, summer pheasant s eye, Adonis aestivalis L. Family: Buttercup, Ranunculaceae

More information

Elaeagnus pungens -- Georgia

Elaeagnus pungens -- Georgia Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Elaeagnus pungens -- Georgia 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 18 -- Reject (high risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 66 / 100 Questions answered: 18 of

More information

Slide 1. Slide 2 Terminology can be confusing

Slide 1. Slide 2 Terminology can be confusing Slide 1 Objective assessment of invasive plant risks and impacts: How and Why Curt Daehler and Shahin Ansari Department of Botany, University of Hawai i and Lyon Arboretum Slide 2 Terminology can be confusing

More information

Patterns of Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) Distribution in Relation to Soil Moisture. Mark R. Glineburg

Patterns of Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) Distribution in Relation to Soil Moisture. Mark R. Glineburg Patterns of Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) Distribution in Relation to Soil Moisture Mark R. Glineburg Abstract Reed canary grass is an invasive wetland species that is capable of aggressively

More information

CARIBBEAN FOOD CROPS SOCIETY 44 Forty Fourth Annual Meeting 2008

CARIBBEAN FOOD CROPS SOCIETY 44 Forty Fourth Annual Meeting 2008 CARIBBEAN FOOD CROPS SOCIETY 44 Forty Fourth Annual Meeting 2008 Miami, Florida, USA Vol. XLIV - Number 2 Continued Poster Session Abstracts With Some Posters Expanded as Full Papers UF MEETING HOST: UNIVERSITY

More information

Landscape Weed Management Goals

Landscape Weed Management Goals Landscape Weed Management Goals Goals: Primarily aesthetic: improving the visual appearance of the landscape Functional: safety, allergies, insect and disease control What Else Do Weeds Do? Cause allergies

More information

What Else Do Weeds Do? Step 1. Site assessment. Grasses are easy to control 10/3/2011. Landscape Weed Management Goals. Goals:

What Else Do Weeds Do? Step 1. Site assessment. Grasses are easy to control 10/3/2011. Landscape Weed Management Goals. Goals: Landscape Weed Management Goals Goals: Primarily aesthetic: improving the visual appearance of the landscape What Else Do Weeds Do? Cause allergies Harm people Harbor insects and plant pathogens Ragweed

More information

! "# $ Potassium (K): Principal Constraint to Maize Production in Imperata-infested fields at Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

! # $ Potassium (K): Principal Constraint to Maize Production in Imperata-infested fields at Central Sulawesi, Indonesia ! "# $ Potassium (K): Principal Constraint to Maize Production in Imperata-infested fields at Central Sulawesi, Indonesia Raquel C. Lopez 1 and Paul L.G. Vlek 2 Center for Development Research (ZEF), University

More information

Patterns of Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) Distribution in Relation to Soil Moisture

Patterns of Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) Distribution in Relation to Soil Moisture St. Olaf College Local Ecology Research Papers Patterns of Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) Distribution in Relation to Soil Moisture Mark R. Glineburg 2005 Mark R. Glineburg, 2005 Patterns

More information

NRCS Programs and Practices for Riparian Areas in Hawaii

NRCS Programs and Practices for Riparian Areas in Hawaii NRCS Programs and Practices for Riparian Areas in Hawaii NRCS Pacific Islands Area Hawaii - State (State (PIA) Office Honolulu, Oahu) Seven field offices (Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Hawaii) Plant Materials

More information

Wisteria sinensis 'Angie' -- Texas

Wisteria sinensis 'Angie' -- Texas Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Wisteria sinensis 'Angie' -- Texas 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 17 -- Reject (high risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 77 / 100 Questions answered:

More information

Invasives and Biofuels. Roger C. Anderson School of Biological Sciences Illinois State University

Invasives and Biofuels. Roger C. Anderson School of Biological Sciences Illinois State University Invasives and Biofuels Roger C. Anderson School of Biological Sciences Illinois State University Biofuel derived substitutes for petroleum Two categories of liquid biofuels First generation Ethanol (from

More information

ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT. for. Fraxinus uhdei. Tropical Ash. Element Stewardship Abstracts (ESAs) are prepared to provide The Nature Conservancy's

ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT. for. Fraxinus uhdei. Tropical Ash. Element Stewardship Abstracts (ESAs) are prepared to provide The Nature Conservancy's ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT for Fraxinus uhdei Tropical Ash To the User: Element Stewardship Abstracts (ESAs) are prepared to provide The Nature Conservancy's Stewardship staff and other land managers

More information

SURVEY AND MAPPING OF SPEARGRASS

SURVEY AND MAPPING OF SPEARGRASS SURVEY AND MAPPING OF SPEARGRASS (Imperata cylindrica (L.) REAUSCHEL) INVASIVENESS USING GIS TECHNIQUES IN TWO AGRO-ECOLOGIES OF NIGERIA. Aluko, O.A. 1, Smith, M.A.K. 1 and Omodele, T. 1 1 Institute of

More information

Acer palmatum -- Illinois

Acer palmatum -- Illinois Plant Risk Evaluator -- PRE Evaluation Report Acer palmatum -- Illinois 2017 Farm Bill PRE Project PRE Score: 10 -- Accept (low risk of invasiveness) Confidence: 73 / 100 Questions answered: 20 of 20 --

More information

Rangeland CEAP Literature Synthesis: Conclusions and Recommendations

Rangeland CEAP Literature Synthesis: Conclusions and Recommendations Rangeland CEAP Literature Synthesis: Conclusions and Recommendations David D. Briske, Academic Coordinator, Texas A&M University, College Station TX Leonard Jolley, Range and Pastureland CEAP Director,

More information

Evaluating the Potential Invasiveness of Eucalyptus in Florida. Kim Lorentz and Pat Minogue May 22, 2013

Evaluating the Potential Invasiveness of Eucalyptus in Florida. Kim Lorentz and Pat Minogue May 22, 2013 Evaluating the Potential Invasiveness of Eucalyptus in Florida Kim Lorentz and Pat Minogue May 22, 2013 Eucalyptus Biology 700+ species Grown for pulp, mulch, windbreaks, and bioenergy Rapid growth Grow

More information

Invasiveness Score Total

Invasiveness Score Total Weed (Scientific name) Region Management Area Landuse Lycium ferocissimum - Solanaceae Sydney Sydney 1. CONSERVATION AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS Assumptions Invasiveness Score Total Q1. What is the ability

More information

Coastal Prairie Management and Conservation (2018)

Coastal Prairie Management and Conservation (2018) Coastal Prairie Management and Conservation (2018) The coastal prairie region refers to the habitats that occur within the western gulf coast area and includes the coastal prairie grasslands as well as

More information

Invasiveness Score Total

Invasiveness Score Total Weed (Scientific name) Region Management Area Landuse Cenchrus incertus, Cenchrus longispinus - Poaceae Sydney Sydney 1. CONSERVATION AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS Assumptions Invasiveness Score Total Q1. What

More information

Cover it up! Using plants to control buckthorn

Cover it up! Using plants to control buckthorn Cover it up! Using plants to control buckthorn Mike Schuster, Peter Wragg, Peter Reich, Lee Frelich Minnesota Invasive Terrestrial Plants and Pests Center University of Minnesota Alex Roth Paul Bockenstedt

More information

WEED RISK ASSESSMENT FORM

WEED RISK ASSESSMENT FORM WEED RISK ASSESSMENT FORM Botanical name: Campanula rapunculoides L. Common name: creeping bellflower Assessors: Irina Lapina Botanist, Alaska Natural Heritage Program, University of Alaska Anchorage,

More information

Identify the principles for managing and maintaining forages. 4. What methods of maintaining or renovating a forage system are available?

Identify the principles for managing and maintaining forages. 4. What methods of maintaining or renovating a forage system are available? UNIT IX - FORAGE PRODUCTION Lesson 4: Scouting and Maintaining the Crop Competency/Objective: Identify the principles for managing and maintaining forages. Study Questions References 1. What pests are

More information

Spore Reproduction of Japanese Climbing Fern in Florida as a Function of Management Timing

Spore Reproduction of Japanese Climbing Fern in Florida as a Function of Management Timing Spore Reproduction of Japanese Climbing Fern in Florida as a Function of Management Timing Greg MacDonald 1, Candice Prince 1, Kimberly Bohn 2, Ashlynn Smith 1, and Mack Thetford 1 1 University of Florida,

More information

Invasive Species. An introduction

Invasive Species. An introduction Invasive Species An introduction What is a native species? Native species are those that normally live and thrive in a particular community. They occupy specific habitats and have specific niches in their

More information

Chapter 30. Conserving Earth s Biodiversity

Chapter 30. Conserving Earth s Biodiversity Chapter 30 Conserving Earth s Biodiversity Chapter 30 At a Glance What Is Conservation Biology? Why Is Biodiversity Important? Is Earth s Biodiversity Diminishing? What Are the Major Threats to Biodiversity?

More information

***OFFICIAL Sawtooth Oak (Quercus acutissima) ASSESSMENT*** Answers are underlined and in bold, comments are inserted in italics

***OFFICIAL Sawtooth Oak (Quercus acutissima) ASSESSMENT*** Answers are underlined and in bold, comments are inserted in italics Assessment of Invasive Species in Indiana s Natural Areas ***OFFICIAL Sawtooth Oak (Quercus acutissima) ASSESSMENT*** Answers are underlined and in bold, comments are inserted in italics Assessed August

More information

Nevada CWMA Program. Cooperative Weed Management Area

Nevada CWMA Program. Cooperative Weed Management Area JANUARY 2015 Nevada CWMA Program Cooperative Weed Management Area Nevada s program first began in 2002. The Nevada Department of Agriculture (NDA) received a State and Private Forestry (S&P) grant from

More information

Weed control OVERVIEW AND OBJECTIVES...2 WEED CONTROL REQUISITES...3. Weed identification... 3 Determining the proper time to remove weeds...

Weed control OVERVIEW AND OBJECTIVES...2 WEED CONTROL REQUISITES...3. Weed identification... 3 Determining the proper time to remove weeds... Weed control OVERVIEW AND OBJECTIVES...2 WEED CONTROL REQUISITES...3 Weed identification... 3 Determining the proper time to remove weeds... 3 CONTROLLING WEEDS - INDIRECT METHOD...4 Land preparation...

More information

STATUS ASSESSMENT RESPONSE FORM. Species (Botanical name): (Common name): Where the voucher specimen is held: Assessment/ Reassessment completed by:

STATUS ASSESSMENT RESPONSE FORM. Species (Botanical name): (Common name): Where the voucher specimen is held: Assessment/ Reassessment completed by: STATUS ASSESSMENT RESPONSE FORM Species (Botanical name): Ceratonia siliqua (Common name): Carob, Locust bean, St. John's bread Where the voucher specimen is held: FLAS, FTG Assessment/ Reassessment completed

More information