FOREST MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING WORKSHOP September 4-5 Puyo, Ecuador

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1 FOREST MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING WORKSHOP September 4-5 Puyo, Ecuador Wayne Walker, Alessandro Baccini, Nadine Laporte, Josef Kellndorfer, and Scott Goetz The Woods Hole Research Center Supported by the Gordon & Betty Moore, Google.org, and David and Lucile Packard Foundations

2 FORESTS, CARBON, AND CLIMATE CHANGE: A Forest Monitoring Perspective Wayne Walker, Alessandro Baccini, Nadine Laporte, Josef Kellndorfer, and Scott Goetz The Woods Hole Research Center Supported by the Gordon & Betty Moore, Google.org, and David and Lucile Packard Foundations

3 FOREST MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING WORKSHOP September 4-5 Puerto Asis, Colombia Wayne Walker, Alessandro Baccini, Nadine Laporte, Josef Kellndorfer, and Scott Goetz The Woods Hole Research Center Supported by the Gordon & Betty Moore, Google.org, and David and Lucile Packard Foundations

4 FORESTS, CARBON, AND CLIMATE CHANGE: A Forest Monitoring Perspective Wayne Walker, Alessandro Baccini, Nadine Laporte, Josef Kellndorfer, and Scott Goetz The Woods Hole Research Center Supported by the Gordon & Betty Moore, Google.org, and David and Lucile Packard Foundations

5 I.! Welcome and workshop Introduction II. The forest biomass carbon link III.! Why all the interest in carbon? IV.! Why all the interest in forest carbon? V.! New satellite-based remote sensing tools

6 The Woods Hole Research Center Science, Education, and Public Policy for a Habitable Earth! The Woods Hole Research Center seeks to conserve and sustain the planet s vegetation, soils, water, and climate by demonstrating their value to human health and economic prosperity.! Approximately 50 staff members, consisting of scientists, policy experts, research and administrative staff.! Funding is provided through government grants, corporate and foundation support, and individual donors.

7 The Woods Hole Research Center Science, Education, and Public Policy for a Habitable Earth! The Center has initiatives in the Amazon, the Arctic, Africa, Russia, Asia, Boreal North America, and throughout the United States.! Center programs focus on the global carbon cycle, forest function, land cover/land use, water and chemical cycles in the environment. We work in collaboration with partners ranging from local NGOs and research centers to national governments and the United Nations.

8 I.! Welcome and workshop Introduction II. The forest biomass carbon link III.! Why all the interest in carbon? IV.! Why all the interest in forest carbon? V.! New satellite-based remote sensing tools

9 What is a forest?! The answer really depends on who you ask. Many definitions are used throughout the world, reflecting broad differences in ecological conditions, social structure, and economics.! The current definition used for reporting and monitoring under the Kyoto protocol is structurally based: A minimum area of 0.05 hectares with tree crown cover of more than 10% with trees having the potential to reach a minimum height of 2 meters at maturity.

10 What is biomass?! The mass (i.e., weight) of a live tree is referred to as its biomass - in this case, wet biomass.! A live tree is made up of approximately 50% water.! If the water were removed, i.e., the tree were cut down and dried, the weight of the remaining woody organicmatter component would be its dry biomass.

11 ! Aboveground Biomass = ƒ (Stand Height, (3-Dimensional Unit) (Vertical Structure) Stand Density/Basal Area) (Horizontal Structure) Horizontal Structure Vertical Structure

12 What about the carbon?! In addition to being made of 50% water, a live tree is made of approximately 25% carbon.! Carbon is therefore ~ 25% of wet biomass or ~ 50% of dry biomass. C

13 I.! Introduction II. The forest biomass carbon link III.! Why all the interest in carbon? IV.! The role of forests V.! New satellite-based remote sensing tools VI.! Examples of new and ongoing projects

14 Hima Cement, Kasese, Western Uganda Because CO 2 and CH 4 are greenhouse gases!

15 Atmospheric C0 2 is rising Source: IPCC

16 and so is temperature Average Earth-surface air temperatures by compared to , if (top) greenhouse gases emissions continue to increase at current rates, or if (bottom) society cuts emissions by 70 percent. In the latter case, temperatures rise by less than 2 C (3.6 F) across nearly all populated areas. However, unchecked emissions could lead to warming of 3 C (5.4 F) or more across parts of Europe, Asia, North America, and Australia. Washington et al., Geophysical Research Letters

17 I.! Introduction II. The forest biomass carbon link III.! Why all the interest in carbon? IV.! The role of forests V.! New satellite-based remote sensing tools VI.! Examples of new and ongoing projects

18 ! Forests cover 30% (~ 4 billion hectares) of the total global land area The World s Forests (FAO, 2006)

19 ! The world s forests store ~285 Gt of carbon in aboveground biomass alone and ~640 Gt in the ecosystem as a whole (to a soil depth of 30 cm). Forests contain more C than the entire atmosphere (FAO, 2005).! Growing forests are net sinks for C because more C is absorbed (carbon sequestration) than is released to the atmosphere.! Next to reducing fossil-fuel emissions (e.g., from coal-fired power plants), the second most effective way to remove C from the atmosphere is through forest management.

20

21 Land-use change history indicates a net C source That leaves a missing terrestrial C sink

22 Key questions! Where are forests located (locally, nationally, and globally) and how much carbon do they contain? This answer is needed to:!!" Reduce uncertainties associated with projections of future climate.!!" Improve forest carbon accounting and monitoring for compliance under post-kyoto protocols/mechanisms.! How much carbon can forests absorb under future climate change scenarios?! Where should resources be focused if carbon is to be effectively managed using forests?

23 So what is needed?! Accurate maps of forest cover and above-ground biomass/carbon.! We need them locally (i.e., individual forest reserves) and globally.! Only remote sensing can provide the necessary perspective across large areas like South America and the globe.

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