1.2. Net change in land cover [ha] 12000

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1 Land cover 2006 Overview of land cover & change The change of landscape in Cyprus during is dominated by formation of artificial and forested land and on the other hand consumption of open spaces/bare soils, semi-natural vegetation and agricultural land. The highest change dynamics, characterized by turnover of land cover, are increase in artificial surfaces, followed by open spaces/bare soils and forested land. The artificial land uptake is formed by urban residential sprawl together with sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures. Forest creation and management is represented mostly by transitional woodland creation over burnt. Besides significant conversion from forested and natural land to occurs too. Concerning the spatial distribution of change, most of artificial land take is located along the coastline and in proximity to the capital city Nicosia. Changes of forested land are concentrated in three in the centre of the island. Note: The results presented here are based on a change analysis of 44 land cover types mapped consistently on a 1: scale across Europe over almost two decades see Corine land cover (CLC) programme for details. Number of years between CLC2000-CLC2006 data for Cyprus: Land cover 2006 [% of total] Wetl. Water 0,3% 0,2% 2% 9% 1.2. Net change in land cover [ha] Net change in land cover [% of init ial year 2000] 20 20% % % Artificial A rable land & permanent Pastures & mosaics Forested land Semi-natural vegetation Open spaces/ bare soils Wetlands Water bodies Summary balance table Artificial Arable land & permanent Pastures & mosaics Forested land Semi-natural vegetation Open spaces/ bare soils Wetlands Water bodies TOTAL [hundreds ha] Land cover Consumption of initial LC Formation of new LC Net Formation of LC Net formation as % of initial year Total turnover of LC Total turnover as % of initial year Land cover

2 Land cover trends 2.4. Annual land cover change [ha/year, % of total area] % 2.5. A nnual turnover of LC t ypes [ha/year] Net annual change of LC types [ha/year] A rtificial A rable land & permanent Pastures & mosaics Forested land A rtificial A rable land & permanent Pastures & mosaics Forested land Semi-natural vegetation O pen spaces / bare s oils Wetlands Water bodies Semi-natural vegetation O pen spaces / bare s oils Wetlands Water bodies Summary trend figures Annual land cover change [ha/year] 4517 Annual land cover change as % of initial year 0.49% Land uptake by artificial development as mean annual change [ha/year] 1766 Agricultural land uptake by urban and infrastructures development as mean annual change [ha/year] 1297 Net uptake of forests and semi-natural land by as mean annual change [ha/year] 534 Net conversion from pasture to arable land and permanent as mean annual change [ha/year] -135 Forest & other woodland net formation as mean annual change [ha/year] 1614 Dry semi-natural land cover net formation as mean annual change [ha/year] Wetlands & water bodies net formation as mean annual change [ha/year] Intensity of main change drivers (LC FLOWS) [ha/year] lcf1 Urban land management lcf2 Urban residential sprawl lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures lcf4 internal conversions lcf5 Conversion from forested & natural land to lcf6 Withdrawal of farming lcf7 Forests creation and management lcf8 Water bodies creation and management lcf9 Changes due to natural and multiple causes 2

3 Artificial 3.8. A rt if icial land take [ha/year, % of initial year] % High diffuse residential urban sprawl Artificial surfaces are the land cover type with the largest formation area in Cyprus during this period. The high artificial land uptake is driven mostly by diffuse residential sprawl (58%), accompanied by sprawl of sport and leisure facilities (19%) and commercial or industrial sprawl (13%). Mostly agricultural land with slightly prevailing share of pastures and mosaics (40%) to arable land and permanent (34%), together with semi-natural vegetation (23%) has been taken by artificial sprawl. Besides land take, also recycling of developed urban (represented by conversion of former construction sites into residential, commercial/industrial units or transportation networks) has significant share on total artificial development. On the contrary, small amount of artificial, namely mineral extraction sites, have been re-used for or reforested. Concerning the spatial distribution, most of artificial land take is located along the coastline and in proximity to the capital city Nicosia and other main cities A rtif icial surf aces 2006 [% of total area] A rt if icial land t ake [ha/year] 4% 4% % 73% Mean annual artificial change by class [ha/year] Continuous urban fabric Discontinuous urban fabric Industrial or commercial units Road and rail networks and associated land Port Airports Mineral extraction sites Dump sites Construction sites Green urban Sport and leisure facilities 3

4 Consumption of agricultural land Cyprian is characterized by dominant share of non-irrigated arable land (more than 55%). The other major agricultural classes are complex cultivation patterns, with natural vegetation and annual associated with permanent (see graph 4.12). All agricultural classes, with the only exception of with natural vegetation, have negative balance of net change during the period. Fruit trees and berry plantations are the class with highest percentual consumption rate. Complex cultivation patterns have biggest internal dynamics. The most significant consumer of agricultural land is the urban residential sprawl, followed by sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures. In contrast, new agricultural have been formed through (mainly diffuse) conversion from semi-natural (marginal) land, represented by natural grassland and sclerophyllous vegetation. In particular, this is mostly (50%) by change of temporally burnt to. Internal agricultural conversions occur to a lesser extent, compared to external exchange of agricultural land cover. The prevailing internal conversion is diffuse extension of pasture over former arable or crop land, followed by diffuse conversion from permanent to arable land A gricult ural 2006 [% of total area] 243 9% % % 55% % % 4% 3% % -1.27% Non-irrigated arable land Development of agricultural 0.03% -1.88% Permanently irrigated land detailed balance [ha] -0.30% 0.19% -5.35% -1.15% -2.37% C onsumption of initial land cover Formation of new land cover Rice fields Vineyards Fruit trees and berry plantations Olive groves Pastures -2.55% Annual/ permanent 3.27% -4.75% Complex cult. patterns 4.23% -2.19% with nat. Agro-forestry 211 Non-irrigated arable land 212 Permanently irrigated land 213 Rice fields 221 Vineyards Mean annual agricultural change by class [ha/year] 222 Fruit trees and berry plantations 223 Olive groves 231 Pastures Annual associated with permanent 242 Complex cultivation patterns 243 land with significant of natural vegetation 244 Agro-forestry -400 Nonirrigated arable land Permanently irrigated land Rice fields Vineyards Fruit trees and berry plantations Olive groves Pastures Annual/ permanent Complex cult. patterns with nat. Agroforestry 4

5 Forest & nature Forest & nat ure 2006 [% of total area] Water Wetl. 0,4% 5% 48% 46% Forest Semi-natural vegetation Open spaces/ bare soils Wetlands Water bodies Transitional woodland formation over burnt Cyprian natural landscape has almost equal share of forested land (which consists of coniferous forests and transitional woodland) and semi-natural vegetation (with prevailing share of sclerophyllous vegetation and natural grassland). The rest of natural landscape consists of open spaces/bare soils, wetlands and water bodies (see graph 5.15). The most significant change in natural landscape in Cyprus is the formation of transitional woodland over former burnt. Besides, natural surfaces have been consumed by artificial sprawl and by intensive conversion from semi-natural land to (namely consumption of natural grasslands by non-irrigated arable land) Development of forest & nature detailed balance [ha] % 2.28% 100% % -0.09% -5.25% -1.34% -1.09% -0.77% -100% C onsumption of initial land cover Formation of new land cover Broad-leaved forest Coniferous forest Mixed forest Natural grassland Moors and heathland Sclerophyllous vegetation Transitional woodland Beaches, dunes, sand Bare rock Sparsely vegetated Burnt Glaciers/perp. snow Inland marshes Peatbogs Salt marshes Salines Intertidal flats Water courses Water bodies Coastal lagoons Estuaries Sea and ocean Mean annual forest & nature change by class [ha/year] Broad-leaved forest Coniferous forest Mixed forest Natural grassland Moors and heathland Sclerophyllous vegetation Transitional woodland Beaches, dunes, sand Bare rock Sparsely vegetated Burnt Glaciers and perpetual Inland marshes Peatbogs Salt marshes Salines Intertidal flats Water courses Water bodies Coastal lagoons Estuaries Sea and ocean 5

6 Annex: Land cover flows and trends Land cover flows Consumption of land cover [% of total change area] 5% Formation of land cover [% of total change area] Open Water sp. 0, 19% 44% 37% 44% 16% 14% 2% 15% 3% Artificial A rable land & permanent Pastures & mosaics Forested land Semi-natural vegetation Open spaces/ bare soils Wetlands Water bodies Drivers of change (LC FLOWS) [% of total change area] lcf9 lcf1 3% lcf1 Urban land management lcf2 Urban residential sprawl lcf7 37% lcf2 23% lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures lcf4 internal conversions lcf5 C onversion from forested & natural land to lc f6 Withdrawal of farming lcf3 17% lcf7 Forests creation and management lcf5 13% lcf4 6% lcf8 Water bodies creation and management lcf9 C hanges due to natural and multiple causes 6

7 Artificial Consumption by artificial land take [% of total] Formation by artificial land take [% of total] Open Seminatural vegetation 23% spaces / bare soils 0.4% Arable land & permanent 34% C onstruct. 7% Dump sites 0.5% Sport/ leisure 19% Forested land 3% Min. extr. 3% Airports 0.2% Disc. urban fabric 58% Road/rail Pastures & mosaics 40% network 0.3% Industrial/ commer. 13% Net f ormation of artif icial area [ha/year, % of initial year] Artificial development by change drivers (LC FLOWS) [ha/year] % lcf11urban development/ infilling (cons.) lcf11urban development/ infilling (form.) lcf12 Recycling of developed urban land (cons.) lcf12 Recycling of developed urban land (form.) lcf13 Development of green urban (cons.) lcf13 Development of green urban (form.) lcf21 Urban dense residential sprawl lcf22 Urban diffuse residential sprawl lcf31 Sprawl of industrial & commercial sites lcf32 Sprawl of transport networks lcf33 Sprawl of harbours lcf34 Sprawl of airports lcf35 Sprawl of mines and quarrying lcf36 Sprawl of dumpsites lcf37 Construction lcf38 Sprawl of sport and leisure facilities (cons.) lcf38 Sprawl of sport and leisure facilities (form.) lcf54 Conversion from developed to lcf72 Forest creation, afforestation lcf81 Water bodies creation lcf911 Semi-natural creation lcf913 Extension of water courses lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires lcf93 Coastal erosion lcf99 Other changes and unknown (cons.) lcf99 Other changes and unknown (form.)

8 8.25. LC consumed by agricult ure [% of total] Formation of agricultural land f rom non- [% of total] Mineral extraction 7% Natural grassland 25% Burnt 55% Scleroph. 13% with natural 55% Complex cultivation patterns 2 Nonirrigated arable 24% Consumption of agricultural land by non- [% of total] with Nonirrigated natural arable P erm. irr. 8% 30% land 4% Formation of non-agricultural land from [% of total] Burnt C onstruct. Water 4% Sport/ courses Dump s. leisure 0.3% 0,4% 14% Mineral extraction Airports Complex cultivation patterns 43% A nn./perm. 10% Pastures 0.4% Vineyards Fruit/ berry 3% Olive gr. 0.2% Road/rail network 0.4% Industrial/ commer. 15% Disc. urban fabric 63% Main annual conversions between and forests & semi-natural land [ha/year] Mean annual conversion bet ween arable land and pasture [ha/year] Conversion from forest to Conversion from dry semi-natural & natural land to Extension of pasture, set aside and fallow land Conversion from wetlands to Withdrawal of farming with woodland creation Conversion from pasture to arable and permanent Withdrawal of farming without significant woodland creation 8

9 9.31. Mean annual internal conversions [ha/year] Mean annual conversions between and other LC types [ha/year] lcf411 Uniform extension of set aside fallow land and pasture lcf13 Development of green urban lcf412 Diffuse extension of set aside fallow land and pasture lcf2 Urban residential sprawl lcf421 Conversion from arable land to permanent irrigation perimeters lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures lcf422 Other internal conversions of arable land lcf511 Intensive conversion from forest to lcf431 Conversion from olives groves to vineyards and orchards lcf432 Conversion from vineyards and orchards to olive groves lcf433 Other conversions between vineyards and orchards lcf441 Conversion from permanent to permanent irrigation perimeters lcf442 Conversion from vineyards and orchards to non-irrigated arable land lcf443 Conversion from olive groves to non-irrigated arable land lcf444 Diffuse conversion from permanent to arable land lcf451 Conversion from arable land to vineyards and orchards lcf452 Conversion from arable land to olive groves lcf453 Diffuse conversion from arable land to permanent lcf461 Conversion from pasture to permanent irrigation perimeters lcf462 Intensive conversion from pasture to non-irrigated arable land and permanent lcf463 Diffuse conversion from pasture to arable and permanent lcf512 Diffuse conversion from forest to lcf521 Intensive conversion from seminatural land to lcf522 Diffuse conversion from seminatural land to lcf523 Conversions from nature mosaics to continuous (cont. agri. cons.) lcf523 Conversions from nature mosaics to continuous (cont. agri. form.) lcf53 Conversion from wetlands to lcf54 Conversion from developed to lcf61 Withdrawal of farming with woodland creation lcf62 Withdrawal of farming without significant woodland creation lcf81 Water bodies creation lcf913 Extension of water courses lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires lcf93 Coastal erosion lcf99 Other changes and unknown (agri. cons.) lcf47 Extension of agroforestry lcf99 Other changes and unknown (agri. form.)

10 Forest & nature LC consumed by forest & nature [% of total] Format ion of f orest & nat ure land f rom non-f orest /nat ure [% of total] Water courses 1 Nonirrigated arable 4 Burnt Mineral extraction 59% 30% Transition. woodland/ shrub 59% Consumption of forest & nature land by non-forest /nature [% of total] Formation of non-forest /nature land from forest & nature [% of total] Broadleaved fores t 0. Burnt 30% Sparsely vegetated C oniferous fores t Natural grassland 27% with natural 30% Complex cultivation patterns 8% Disc. urban fabric 20% Industrial/ commer. 4% Airports 0. Mineral extraction 3% Dump sites 0.3% Transition. woodland/ shrub 5% Scleroph. 37% Nonirrigated arable 13% Sport/ leisure 15% C onstruct. 6% Forested land 2006 [% of total area] Main trends in woodland & f orest s consumption/formation [ha/year] Transit. woodland shrub 20% Mixed fores t 0.2% Broadleaved fores t 0.4% C onif. fores t 80% Consumption of forest land by urban sprawl Conversion from forest to Recent fellings and transitions Withdrawal of farming with woodland creation Forest creation, afforestation Conversion from transitional woodland to forests Forest creation over wetlands 10

11 Dry semi-nat ural 2006 [% of total area] Sparsely Bare roc k Burnt 6% Natural 0. Beaches, grassl. dunes 14% and sand plains 2% Scleroph. 77% Main trends in dry semi-nat ural land consumption/formation [ha/year] Consumption of dry semi-natural land cover by urban sprawl Conversion of semi-natural land cover to Forest creation, afforestation over dry semi-natural land Withdrawal of farming without woodland creation Decrease of permanent snow and glaciers Wetlands & water 2006 [% of total area] Main trends in wetlands & water consumption/formation [ha/year] Water bodies 38% Water courses Inland marshes 13% Salt marshes 48% Consumption of wetlands by urban sprawl Conversion of wetlands to Forest creation and afforestation over wetlands Withdrawal of farming without woodland creation Net water bodies creation Net wetlands creation Mean annual conversions of f orest & other woodland [ha/year] lcf13 Development of green urban lcf2 Urban residential sprawl lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures lcf511 Intensive conversion from forest to lcf512 Diffuse conversion from forest to lcf61 Withdrawal of farming with woodland creation lcf71 Conversion from transitional woodland to forest (cons.) lcf71 Conversion from transitional woodland to forest (form.) lcf72 Forest creation, afforestation lcf73 Forests internal conversions (cons.) lcf73 Forests internal conversions (form.) lcf74 Recent felling and transition (cons.) lcf74 Recent felling and transition (form.) lcf8 Water bodies creation and management lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (cons.) lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (form.)

12 Mean annual conversions of dry semi-natural LC [ha/year] lcf13 Development of green urban lcf2 Urban residential sprawl lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures lcf521 Intensive conversion from semi-natural land to lcf522 Diffuse conversion from semi-natural land to lcf523 Conversions from -nature mosaics to continuous lcf62 Withdrawal of farming without significant woodland creation lcf72 Forest creation, afforestation lcf74 Recent felling and transition lcf8 Water bodies creation and management lcf82 Water bodies management lcf911 Semi-natural creation (form.) lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (cons.) lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (form.) lcf913 Extension of water courses (cons.) lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires (cons.) lcf92 Forests and shrubs fires (form.) lcf93 Coastal erosion (cons.) lcf94 Decrease in permanent snow and glaciers cover (cons.) lcf94 Decrease in permanent snow and glaciers cover (form.) lcf99 Other changes and unknown (cons.) lcf99 Other changes and unknown (form.) Mean annual conversions of wetlands and water LC [ha/year] lcf13 Development of green urban lcf2 Urban residential sprawl lcf3 Sprawl of economic sites and infrastructures lcf53 Conversion from wetlands to lcf62 Withdrawal of farming without significant woodland creation lcf72 Forest creation, afforestation lcf8 Water bodies creation and management (cons.) lcf81 Water bodies creation lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (other than LCF91) lcf9 Changes of land cover due to natural and multiple causes (other than LCF912) lcf911 Semi-natural creation (form.) lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (cons.) lcf912 Semi-natural rotation (form.) lcf913 Extension of water courses (form.)

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