Leaf miners. Leaf miner types. Leaf miner or Scorch? blotch. serpentine

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1 Leaf miners Leaf miner types serpentine blotch Leaf miner or Scorch? 1

2 Managing Leaf miners Identify- Is it a fly, moth, wasp or beetle? Foliar acephate kills all 4 kinds Spinosad kills flies, moths, and wasps. Soil applied imidacloprid kills wasps, beetles and flies Learn life cycle Target newly hatched larvae with insecticide Timing differs for contact, systemic foliar and soil applied systemic insecticides Conserve natural enemies Nematodes Insecticide Application Targets Contact Insecticide (Adults) Adults pick up insecticide as they walk on leaves in search of egg laying sites (eg. Pyrethroids permethrin, bifenthrin, deltamethrin etc) Foliar systemic insecticide (Larvae) Material penetrates leaf tissue Direct toward egg hatch and young larvae (eg. acephate, spinosad) Soil applied insecticide (Larvae) Apply in fall or early spring to soil Young leaf tissue in contains insecticide that killes larvae (eg. Imidacloprid) Birch Leaf Miner; Fenusa pusilla 2

3 Birch Leaf Miner Mines Birch Leaf Miner and Egg Laying Sites Hawthorn Leaf Miner (Sawfly) 3

4 Native Holly Leaf Miner (Serpentine Mine) Oviposition Scars by Native Holly Leaf Miner Inkberry Holly Leaf Miner Phytomyza glabricola 4

5 Adult Black Locust Leaf Miner Vegetable Leaf Miners Adult European Pine Shoot Moth 5

6 European Pine Shoot Moth Damage European Pine Shoot Moth Adult Cicadas Lay Eggs in Twigs L.L. Hyche, Auburn University 6

7 Brood X -The BIG BROOD May 2004 Life cycle Emergence depends on soil temperature First cicadas to be heard in Mid-May (south), and about 3 weeks later in the northern part of the state. Cicada adults can be heard for 6-8 weeks. Mud chimneys in Orange County 4/19 (A. Boston) 7

8 Emergence Holes of Periodic Cicada 05/04 After 17 years last stage nymphs emerge from the soil L.L. Hyche, Auburn University Shed skin Nymphs attach to a vertical outdoor object (tree fence post, patio furniture, grass, etc) Hollow shed skins are left after adult crawls out of skin L.L. Hyche, Auburn University 8

9 Adult Periodic Cicada 05/04 Adults Mate L.L. Hyche, Auburn University Up to 1.5 million / acre have been reported!!! L.L. Hyche, Auburn University 9

10 Oviposition begins Cicadas can Injure Trees L.L. Hyche, Auburn University J. Obermeyer, Purdue University Eggs deposited in twigs Eggs will hatch in 6 weeks L.L. Hyche, Auburn University 10

11 First instar nymph Nymphs hatch from eggs, and drop to soil. Nymphs dig into soil where they start feeding on tree roots. Oviposition Scars Left by Periodical Cicada Scarring on twig from previous year emergence. Most eggs are laid on twigs that are 3 / 16 7 / 16 diameter Young trees with main branches of this thickness are most susceptible to injury. J. Davidson, Univeristy of Maryland Eggs laid in twigs 5-10 mm wide Only trees with main stems <1/2 susceptible 11

12 Do I need to protect my trees? Large trees can withstand attack. Young trees with thin main stems can be disfigured or killed. Preventing Cicada Injury Don t worry about big trees- they can afford to lose the 15-20% of twigs that are attacked. Protect young trees whose main limbs are thin 3/16-7/16. Cover with netting < 3/8 mesh wide BEFORE emergence and keep on trees during cicada flight Insecticides need to be applied too often to be practical. Applications 3-4 days prevents injury Application every 5-7 days reduces injury Cicada Sounds Male cicadas call females during the day by vibrating a membrane. Male calling can be loud as lawn mowers Females respond with a wing flicking sound Listen to the sounds at these links (One Call) (Univ. Mich. link to all calls) 12

13 Oviposition Scars White Egg Mass of Tree Hopper, Echinopa binotata Twig Girdler, Oncideres cingulata 13

14 Twig Girdler Twig Pruner Twig Pruner 14

15 White Pine Weevil White Pine Weevil 15

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