Climate Change and the Urban Poor in Khulna Presentation on the Existing Situation and Outlook

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1 Climate Change and the Urban Poor in Khulna Presentation on the Existing Situation and Outlook S.M. Mehedi Ahsan Urban Governance and Development Expert Good Urban Governance Program, GIZ Bangladesh Friday, 3 June Seite 1

2 Content Climate Change & Urbanization in Bangladesh - Impact of Climate Change -Bangladesh -Coastal Region -Khulna City Khulna City -Introduction -Climate Vulnerabilities of Khulna City -Potentials German Development Cooperation s support to KCC for Climate Adaptive Urban Development Seite 2

3 Bangladesh - Himalaya to the north - Bay of Bengal to the south Seite 3

4 Seite 4

5 High Population density 840 people /Km 2 56% children suffering from malnutrition Low literacy rate (53%) Low per capita income Agro-based economy Seite 5

6 Climate is Changing Projected Future Sea Level Rise in the Bay of Bengal A2 (High Emission Scenario) B1 (Low Emission Scenario) Sea level rise cm 32 cm 62 cm 2 cm 8 cm 15 cm Source: IPCC fourth assessment report, Seite 6

7 Climate is Changing Facing various natural disasters: Flood Cyclone Drought River Erosion Waterlogging Salinity Seite 7

8 Extreme Event: Cyclone SIDR Seite 8

9 Extreme Event: Cyclone AILA Seite 9

10 Destroy Everything of Life Seite 10

11 Urbanization in Bangladesh Growing at a rate of 4% annually Seite 11

12 % of Total Population Level of Urbanization in Bangladesh % of total An estimated total Population of Bangladesh is now160 mio. -More than 5.5 mio people is living in Urban Areas Seite 12

13 Urbanization in Bangladesh However, the rapid pace of urbanization remains mainly unplanned, un-responded and unrecognized, resulting in negative impacts in the urban areas. An estimated 6 million people live in urban poor settlements commonly known as slums Bangladesh s cities and towns account for a rapidly increasing national GDP Seite 13

14 Governance and Climate Change Impacts of climate change affect the governance mechanism and on the other hand proper climate change adaptation/resilience need good governance; the effectiveness and efficiency of LGs are directly affected climate change adaptation needs good governance The impacts of climate change and variability in Bangladesh are felt through a number of complex and linked factors such as- weak governance lack of capacity to adapt poverty inequality legacy of past conflicts political instability etc Seite 14

15 Governance and Climate Change Responses to climate change must take account of the broad dimensions of what makes people resilient for example not just drought-resistant crops and embankments to protect them from floods but also the interlinked factors of livelihood options, good infrastructure, social inclusion and effective governance Interlinked Problems Require Interlinked Solutions Seite 15

16 Seite 16

17 - Khulna City Corporation is functioning under Local Government Division under Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives. -Khulna is the third largest city of Bangladesh having around 1.5 mio population and aprox. 2.3 mio in the urban agglomeration. -Accommodating climate migrants of south-western coastal zone Seite 17

18 Major Challenging Issues of Khulna City Corporation -Weak Administrative and Financial Capacity. -Highly dependent on Central Government for major infrastructure improvement/development and financial decision making. -Poor Coordination between Khulna Development Authority; a city development authority under Ministry of Housing and Public Works. -Khulna is a low-lying city which has developed in a linear pattern alongside the Bhairab and Rupsha rivers in south western Bangladesh. The whole city area is only 2.5 meters above the mean sea level Seite 18

19 Map of Khulna City Seite 19

20 Climate Change and it s impact on Khulna City -Inundation & Waterlogging -Tidal River System and storm water drainage congestion. -Salinity intrusion and it s threat on potable drinking water. -Destroy the infrastructure. -Urban Poor's are severely affected Seite 20

21 River Network in South West part of Bangladesh -Due to Ganges barrage the sweet water flow has decreased significantly caused the salinity intrusion. -Salinity of Water and soil is allready increased Seite 21

22 Impact of Climate Change on Khulna City Seite 22

23 Impact on Drainage System Figure 5.2: Water logging scenario for Base Condition in 2010 Source: IWM (2010) Seite 23

24 Impact on Drainage System Figure: Water logging Map for 2030 (A2 Scenario with Climate Change) Source: IWM (2010) Seite 24

25 Impact on Drainage System Figure: Water logging Map for 2050 (A2 Scenario with Climate Change) Source: IWM (2010) Seite 25

26 Percentage Migrating The probability of increasing the contribution of these reasons is high as the population exposed to the natural disasters are increasing due to climate change. Figure: Causes of migration towards Khulna city According to Khulna Master Plan-2002 Source: Interim Report, Volume II, Population and Urbanization, Preparation of structure plan master plan and detailed area plan of Khulna city Seite 26

27 Migration towards Khulna city Migrated Population Migrated Population Base Condition Year 2030 Figure: Comparison between projected migration and migration at base condition Seite 27

28 Nationally over 9,000 slums were identified of which 520 were located in Khulna where they were found throughout the urban area. In 2005, the slum population of Khulna was just under 189,000 living in 37,826 households around 20% of Khulna s population in This also implies that around another 20% of households lived in poor housing outside defined slum areas Seite 28

29 Seite 29

30 Khulna City Corporation requested German Development Cooperation to develop Khulna as a Resilient City. GIZ is supporting Khulna City Corporation through Good Urban Governance Program Technical Cooperation focused on: - Capacity Development of Khulna City Corporation for improved service delivery. i.e, safe drinking water supply for floating and slum people and Urban Management issues covering technical management, ICT, installation of GIS Lab in KCC. (contribution to digital urban sector). - Develop institutional capacity for functional coordination between Khulna City Corporation & Khulna Development Authority Seite 30

31 Capacity Development in preparation and implementation of urban development plans: - sustainable, propoor urban transportation plan (CDIA/KfW) - urban poverty reduction strategy - concepts for planned urban growth - concepts in SWM / composting / biogas plants, with Public Private Partnerships - concepts for alternative Water and Sanitation approaches. -concepts for Resilient cities (climate adaptation / mitigation) and access to funds for climate change. -Preparation of Strategic Urban Development Plan including Land Use Plan for addressing Climate Change impacts and reducing urban poverty Seite 31

32 Thanks a lot Q&A Seite 32

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