Responsible Forest Management IS Wildlife Management

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1 FOREST WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT IN NORTH CAROLINA Daniel Ray Forest Stewardship Biologist NC Wildlife Resources Commission

2 Forest Stewardship Values Timber or Wildlife What about the other forest resources? Soil and Water Quality Recreation Aesthetics Cultural Resources Plants, fungi, minerals

3 Responsible Forest Management IS Wildlife Management

4 Wildlife Management in Pine Forests

5 Wildlife Management Stages within a Pine Rotation Early Rotation: harvested-seedling stands 1-9 years Mid Rotation: sapling-chip n saw 9-18 years Late Rotation: sawtimber-final harvest 18-??? years

6 Wildlife Management at Early Rotation Early Rotation = Old-field/shrub habitats Productive habitats for small game/big game/nongame species Challenges: Rapid Plant Succession! Fast-growing pines = shade Hardwood competition = shade Loss of herbaceous diversity and cover

7 Early Management Practices Natural regeneration or tree planting? Tree species by site (Longleaf? Shortleaf? Loblolly?) Site prep? Tree spacing? Fireline planning! Wildlife openings Disking / fire / herbicide release

8 Wildlife Management at Mid-Rotation Mid Rotation = Forested habitats Small game (quail, rabbits) fading out Primarily big game (deer, turkeys) Challenges: Sunlight! Canopy closure Pine growth slowing down Increased litter/duff; loss of groundcover

9 Putting Light Back On The Site

10 Mid Rotation Thinning Thin heavy Target Basal Areas by species/objectives. Commercial operations = $$ Thin frequently Every 5-7 years Monitor changing habitat conditions and timber markets.

11 Burn! Winter burns Mid Rotation Practices Alternate summer burn 1-2 years post-thin thin Plan a burn rotation Enhance vegetation Seed skid rows / logging decks Manage openings / meander edges Continue practices into late rotation stage

12 Wildlife Management in Hardwood Forests

13 Hardwood Forests are packed with Diversity Species rich Multi-aged Variably structured Layered Canopy Mid-story Forest floor Respond well to disturbance Canopy Forest Floor Mid-story

14 Timber Stand Improvements Upland Oak-Hickory Stand Manage for crop trees (timber vs. wildlife) Reduce crowding in the canopy Remove damaged, diseased, crooked and forked trees Protect and enhance the remaining trees in the stand

15 Forest Openings (Canopy Gaps)

16 Streamside Management Zones Protect for water quality Critical wildlife habitat

17 Basic Wildlife Management Practices

18 Food Plots

19 Promote Native Groundcover

20 Encourage Mast Producers Wild plum Blackberry Acorns Blueberry

21 Prescribed Fire

22 Forest Edges Persimmon Red cedar Wild plum Dogwood Holly Black cherry Red bud Blackberry Sassafras Sumac Blueberry Grape Greenbrier NWSG

23 Daylighting Roads Fire lines Increases plant diversity (species, age, structure) Seed, browse, bugging opportunities Cover for fawning, nesting, brooding and escape

24 Retain Snags / Dens Protect existing snags / den trees!! Create new snags Size: dbh X tall Tree species: hardwood vs. pine snags 3-6 snags per acre Wildlife nest boxes?

25 Wildlife Nest Boxes Bat House Bluebird Wood Duck Screech owl

26 Vernal Pools and Small Wetlands Shallow ponds Upland depressions

27 Helpful NC Websites North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission ( NC Division of Forest Resources ( our_forest.htm) NC Cooperative Extension Service ( Partners In Flight ( Going Native: Urban Landscaping for Wildlife with Native Plants (

28 Enjoy the Fruits of your Labor!

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