Determination of biomass, minerals content and depletion of nutrients as a result of different systems of utilisation in clear-cut Scots Pine forests

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1 Determination of biomass, minerals content and depletion of nutrients as a result of different systems of utilisation in clear-cut Scots Pine forests prof. dr hab. Roman Gornowicz mgr inż. Krzysztof Polowy Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland

2

3 Plan of the presentation 1. The purpose of the study 2. Study area 3. Results 4. Conclusions

4 The purpose of the study Determination of dry mass of different tree parts Determination of mineral content of different tree parts Calculation of mineral loss as a result of different harvesting systems Determination of mineral capital of soil Calculation of rate of nutrient loss in relation to soils nutrient capital

5 Study area Nadleśnictwo Bolewice

6 Study area mature clear-cut stands Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) 95-year-old forest site type: coniferous fresh site

7 Division of a tree 1. Wood 2. Bark 3. Branches 4. Needles 5. Roots

8 Results dry mass distribution of dry mass [%] Fresh mass of the stand 327 Mg/ha Dry mass of the stand 154 Mg/ha 5,8 1,9 11,0 16,7 64,6 stem wood bark branches needles roots

9 Results Humidity 160,00 Average relative and absolute humidity [%] of the analysed tree parts 140,00 132,15 136,69 139,94 120,00 100,00 80,00 109,50 82,74 average relative humidity 60,00 40,00 51,08 42,80 56,25 57,68 57,81 average absolute humidity 20,00 0,00 stem wood stem bark branches needles stump and roots

10 Results 800,00 700,00 Average weight of one tree divided into different tree parts [kg] 722,60 600,00 500,00 400,00 467,10 340,20 fresh 300,00 200,00 224,30 dry 100,00 0,00 24,00 35,00 79,70 41,60 13,50 5,70 120,7051,20 stem wood stem bark branches needles stump and roots total

11 Results minerals content Nitrogen [% d. m.] 1,6000 1,4000 1,2000 1,0000 0,8000 0,6000 0,4000 0,2000 0,0000 0,1108 0,1797 0,3278 0,3372 0,2053 0,2170 1,2107 1,3767 0,1622 0,1855 stem wood stem bark branches needles stump and roots lowest mean value on the plot highest mean value on the plot

12 Results minerals content Phosphorus [% d. m.] 0,3000 0,2500 0,2613 0,2000 0,1500 0,1000 0,2245 lowest mean value on the plot highest mean value on the plot 0,0500 0,0000 0,0192 0,0263 0,0117 0,0208 0,0173 0,0193 0,0163 0,0158 stem wood stem bark branches needles stump and roots

13 Results minerals content Potassium [% d. m.] 0,7000 0,6000 0,5717 0,5000 0,4000 0,3000 0,2000 0,4108 lowest mean value on the plot highest mean value on the plot 0,1000 0,0000 0,0308 0,0183 0,0833 0,0858 0,0708 0,0595 0,0383 0,0295 stem wood stem bark branches needles stump and roots

14 Results minerals content Calcium [% d. m.] 0,9000 0,8000 0,7867 0,7000 0,6000 0,5000 0,4000 0,3000 0,2000 0,1000 0,0000 0,0925 0,1233 0,4608 0,2333 0,2883 0,3417 0,3800 0,0650 0,0755 stem wood stem bark branches needles stump and roots lowest mean value on the plot highest mean value on the plot

15 Results minerals content Magnesium [% d. m.] 0,0700 0,0648 0,0600 0,0500 0,0400 0,0528 0,0540 lowest mean value on the plot 0,0300 0,0200 0,0210 0,0340 0,0232 highest mean value on the plot 0,0100 0,0157 0,0160 0,0120 0,0000 0,0065 stem wood stem bark branches needles stump and roots

16 Results minerals content Sodium [% d. m.] 0,0500 0,0450 0,0400 0,0350 0,0300 0,0250 0,0200 0,0150 0,0100 0,0050 0,0000 0,0038 0,0078 0,0162 0,0263 0,0027 0,0072 0,0247 0,0468 0,0037 0,0068 stem wood stem bark branches needles stump and roots lowest mean value on the plot highest mean value on the plot

17 Systems of utilisation utilisation of stem wood only stem wood with the bark all the aboveground parts of the tree whole tree

18 Systems of utilisation utilisation of stem wood only stem wood with the bark all the aboveground parts of the tree whole tree

19 Systems of utilisation utilisation of stem wood only stem wood with the bark all the aboveground parts of the tree whole tree

20 Systems of utilisation utilisation of stem wood only stem wood with the bark all the aboveground parts of the tree whole tree with stump and roots

21 Results nutrient loss Nitrogen [kg/ha] 237,97 278, ,96 169, stem wood stem wood in bark aboveground tree parts whole tree with stump and roots

22 Results nutrient loss 35,00 30,00 25,00 Phosphorus [kg/ha] 26,50 30,27 20,00 15,00 10,00 5,00 14,53 17,10 0,00 stem wood stem wood in bark aboveground tree parts whole tree with stump and roots

23 Results nutrient loss 70,00 60,00 50,00 Potassium [kg/ha] 57,17 64,97 40,00 30,00 20,00 10,00 24,33 32,54 0,00 stem wood stem wood in bark aboveground tree parts whole tree with stump and roots

24 Results nutrient loss 250,00 200,00 150,00 Calcium [kg/ha] 165,70 217,20 233,56 100,00 105,11 50,00 0,00 stem wood stem wood in bark aboveground tree parts whole tree with stump and roots

25 Results nutrient loss 35,00 30,00 25,00 Magnessium [kg/ha] 22,38 27,30 29,15 20,00 18,45 15,00 10,00 5,00 0,00 stem wood stem wood in bark aboveground tree parts whole tree with stump and roots

26 Results nutrient loss 12,00 10,00 8,00 Sodium [kg/ha] 7,74 9,36 10,49 6,00 5,62 4,00 2,00 0,00 stem wood stem wood in bark aboveground tree parts whole tree with stump and roots

27 Results nutrient loss stem wood stem wood in bark aboveground tree parts Nitrogen [kg/ha] Phosphorus [kg/ha] Potassium [kg/ha] Calcium [kg/ha] Magnessium [kg/ha] Sodium [kg/ha] whole tree with stump and roots

28 Soil analysis rate of nutrient loss in relation to soils nutrient capital for each soil horizon down to 50 cm

29 Soil analysis ,4 Average amounts of accesible nutrients in top soil to 50 cm [kg/ha] Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Calcium Magnesium ,2 130, Organic carbon ,3 kg/ha

30 Results 200,0 180,0 160,0 140,0 120,0 100,0 80,0 60,0 40,0 20,0 0,0 nutrient loss in relation to its content in the soil in different systems of utilisation [%] 80,3 126,6 165,9 178,4 35,9 30,9 35,1 38,4 29,4 24,3 13,1 17,6 4,0 6,4 5,0 7,5 11,7 13,3 7,0 8,2 stem wood stem wood in bark aboveground tree parts Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Calcium Magnessium whole tree with stump and roots

31 Conclusions Utilising the forest causes mineral withdrawal from the environment Limiting the harvesting scope to stem wood with the bark would significantly decrease mineral withdrawal Leaving the bark in the forest would especially save the calcium the question of practice and costs

32 Conclusions Stump lifting comparing to utilising aboveground parts of the tree does not increase the mineral loss significantly but serious considerations need to be made regarding physical damage to the soil.

33 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Prof. dr hab. Roman Gornowicz mgr inż. Krzysztof Polowy

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