Seminário New Deal - Innovation Apresentação de Wendy Fjellstad

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1 Seminário New Deal - Innovation Apresentação de Wendy Fjellstad

2 Land use in Europe Agriculture in Norway: Status and Trends Wendy Fjellstad Norway: a land of forests and mountains Source: EEA, ETC Land Use and Spatial Information Land types in Norway Cultivated land 3% 2%1% Open firm ground 5% Forested 8% 6% 38% Bare rock Fresh water Wetland / mire 3.4 % is cultivated land only a third of this can produce grain for human consumption 37% Agriculture Built up Permanent snow/ice 2.2 km 2 agricultural land per 1 people (Europe average is 6.4, Portugal has 3.3) Aims of Norwegian agriculture To produce enough, safe and varied food of good quality Loss of agricultural land is not to exceed 57 ha annually Agricultural production throughout the entire country Agricultural production in a sustainable way 9 9 km 2 cultivated land 43 farms Norwegian agriculture Main products: barley, wheat, potatoes; pork, beef, veal, milk Average agricultural area per farm: 23 hectares Average herd size: 25 dairy cows, 15 beef cows 15/1/215 1

3 Regional level 18 counties Hedmark county Agricultural statistics are often reported for administrative units such as counties e.g. average field size for Hedmark county = 1.7 ha Fotos: osp@skogoglandskap Regional level Hedmark county 1 agricultural landscape regions A county may contain very different types of landscape Coastal districts from Southern Norway to Nordland Lowland districts of Eastern Norway & Trøndelag Forest districts of Southern & Eastern Norway Valley & highland districts of Southern Norway Mountains of Southern Norway Fjord districts of Western Norway & Trøndelag Forest districts of Northern Norway Fjord districts of Nordland & Troms Coastal districts of Troms & Finnmark Mountains of Northern Norway Landscape type Lowlands Forest districts Mountain valleys Mountains Average field size (ha) Differences between regions Agriculture:.1 % in the mountains of Northern Norway, 28 % in the lowlands of SE and mid Norway Growing season: 6 days in the high mountains, 2 days in SE lowlands Population density:.6 per km 2 in mountains, 15 per km 2 in the lowlands of SE and mid Norway Number & size of farms 4. < 5 ha 5 1 ha 1 2 ha 2 5 ha > 5 ha 1. Coastal districts from S to Nordland 2. Lowland districts of SE & Trøndelag Region 2 (yellow) «Lowlands 3. Forest districts of SE Norway of SE and Trøndelag» has the 4. Valley & highland districts of S Norway 5. Mountains of Southern Norway most farms and the highest 6. Fjord districts of West & Trøndelag proportion of large farms 7. Forest districts of Northern Norway 8. Fjord districts of Nordland & Troms 9. Coastal districts of Troms & Finnmark 1. Mountains of Northern Norway 15/1/215 2

4 Field size Population rural urban 15 people 2 people <=.5 ha.5.5 ha.5 1 ha ha ha > 2.5 ha Natural conditions limit field sizes Little potentialfor further effectivisation 69 % 8 % urban 52 % 2 people Proportion urban Proportion rural 25 % urban 47 % 87 % urban 38 % 74 % 32 % urban 72 % 1. Coastal districts from S to Nordland 2. Lowland districts of SE & Trøndelag 3. Forest districts of SE Norway 4. Valley & highland districts of S Norway 5. Mountains of Southern Norway 6. Fjord districts of West & Trøndelag 7. Forest districts of Northern Norway 8. Fjord districts of Nordland & Troms 9. Coastal districts of Troms & Finnmark 1. Mountains of Northern Norway Changing structure of agriculture Changing structure of agriculture 14, Number of active farms 12,, Agricultural land (daa) 16,, 14,, 12,, 1,, 2,5, 2,, 1,2, 1,, 8, 12, 1, 8, 6, 1,, 8,, 6,, 8,, 6,, 4,, 2,, ,5, 1,, 5, , 4, 2, , 4,, 2, 2,, Change in field size Change in area of cereals Increase in field size Decrease in field size Not applied for cereals Stopped cereal production Area reduced by > 6 % Little change Area increased by > 6 % Started up cereal production 15/1/215 3

5 Change in number of dairy farms Not applied for milk Stopped milk production Reduction No change Increase Started up milk production Number of active neighbouring farms within 3 km within 3 km 1 3 within 3 km 4 7 within 3 km Over 7 within 3 km 26 Change in number of ruins on farms Fewer ruins per farm More ruins per farm Number of active neighbouring farms within 3 km within 3 km 1 3 within 3 km 4 7 within 3 km Over 7 within 3 km Re forestation Biodiversity Cultural heritage Aesthetics Landscape identity Sustainable use of natural resources 15/1/215 4

6 Paradisgrenda, Buskerud. One of 14 «Nationally Valuable Cultural Landscapes» Photos: Oskar Puschmann Buildings and infrastructure Buildings and infrastructure Photos: O. Puschmann Photos: O. Puschmann Conclusions Norwegian agriculture is poorly competitive and in decline Agricultural landscapes are threatened by abandonment and urbanisation Innovation is needed to reach national goals of food security and maintenance of agriculture throughout the country Landscapes are dynamic we must be open to change! Stephan Pfefferli Research Station ART 15/1/215 5

7 Increasing interest in non production values of agricultural landscapes but how do we finance their maintenance? Thanks to colleagues at NIBIO for contributing maps, statistics and photos, especially Svein Olav Krøgli, Oskar Puschmann and Wenche Dramstad. Anybody wishing to re use illustrations from this presentation, please contact 15/1/215 6