International Union for Conservation of Nature. Conserving biodiversity Pioneering nature s solutions to global challenges

Transcription

1 International Union for Conservation of Nature Conserving biodiversity Pioneering nature s solutions to global challenges

2 WHO WE ARE Founded in 1948, IUCN is the world s largest global environmental organization. A unique democratic Union with more than 1,200 State and NGO Member organizations in 160 countries. Collaborating with commissions of volunteer professionals as a leading provider of the latest knowledge about Biodiversity - more than 11,000 experts and scientists. The only environmental organisation with official Observer Status at the United Nations General Assembly.

3 WHY CONSERVE BIODIVERSITY? Biodiversity is the variety of life on earth. Biodiversity provides us with: Food Clean air Water Energy Shelter Medicine Recreation Inspiration

4 THE FACTS An estimated 40% of the world's economy is based on the use of biological resources. 780 million people lack access to clean water and 2.5 billion lack adequate sanitation. More than 70,000 plant species are used in traditional and modern medicine. Coral reefs provide coastal protection and other valuable services worth an estimated US$ 170 billion a year.

5 WHY IS BIODIVERSITY AT RISK? Species extinctions are continuing at about 1,000 times the natural rate, calculated from fossil records. Threats to biodiversity include: Habitat destruction Land conversion for agriculture and development Climate change Pollution Spread of invasive species Protected Areas are the Key tool for biodiversity conservation

6 The BAD news SCBD (2010) GBO3

7 The Challenge of Climate Change is Additive and Formidable Predicted percentage of ecological landscape being driven toward changes in plant species as a result of projected human-induced climate change by (Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech)

8 The good news Growth in nationally designated protected areas ( ) 25,000,000 Cumulative Terrestrial Area 22,500,000 Cumulative Marine Area Cumulative Total Area 20,000,000 17,500,000 15,000,000 12,500,000 10,000,000 7,500,000 Total area protected (km 2 ) 5,000,000 2,500, Year Source: IUCN and UNEP-WCMC (2012) The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA): February Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC.

9 Parks, People, Planet Inspiring solutions

10 Position protected areas firmly within goals of economic and community wellbeing Increase understanding of their vital role in conserving biodiversity and delivering ecosystem services Demonstrate how this can be achieved.

11 Parks Strengthen policy and action commitments for the expansion, connectivity and better management of parks and protected areas to cover all areas important for biodiversity and ecosystem services

12 People Foster the equitable governance of parks and protected areas to empower communities (including indigenous peoples) to become involved and to benefit

13 Planet Explore and promote parks and protected areas as natural solutions to global challenges such as climate change, food and water security, health and a green economy

14 World Parks Congress Streams 1. Reaching Conservation Goals 2. Responding to Climate Change 3. Improving Health & Wellbeing 4. Supporting Human Life 5. Reconciling Development Challenges 6. Broadening Governance 7. Respecting Indigenous and traditional knowledge and culture 8. Inspiring a New Generation

15 And Cross Cutting Themes: 1. Marine 2. World Heritage 3. Capacity Development 4. Governance and a social compact for protected areas

16 Origins of Stream One CBD Strategic Plan Improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity The Aichi Targets

17 Aichi Biodiversity Targets - examples Target 1 - By 2020, at the latest, people are aware of the values of biodiversity Target 2 - By 2020, at the latest, biodiversity values have been integrated into national and local development Target 3 - By 2020, at the latest, incentives, including subsidies, harmful to biodiversity are eliminated, phased out or reformed Target 5 By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero, and degradation and fragmentation is significantly reduced. Target 7 By 2020 areas under agriculture, aquaculture and forestry are managed sustainably, ensuring conservation of biodiversity Target 12 By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained. Target 15 By 2020 including restoration of at least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation and to combating desertification.

18 CBD - Target 11 By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas, and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well connected systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, and integrated into the wider landscapes and seascapes.

19 Global protected areas network: The largest and fastest change of land management in history Protected areas* , >200,000

20 Terrestrial ecoregion protection

21 Protection of ecoregions We need to get here! We are here!

22 Costa Rica: National Biological Corridor Programme Photo: Roland Seitre 22

23 Change in Forest Cover in Costa Rica

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25 Environmental Services Payment Environmental services are paid to private landowners that protect their forests: 1. CO2 effects mitigation 2. Protection of water and watershed for urban, rural or hydroelectric power 3. Biodiversity protection for conservation 4. Landscape beauty for tourism and scientific use Type of PES Amount to pay Length of contract Reforestation $816 / ha 10 years Protection $320 / ha 5 years Restoration $410 / ha 10 years Agroforestry $1.30 / tree 3 years

26 Sumatran Lowland Rain Forest

27 Sumatra, Indonesia Saving the Lowland Dry Forest million hectares of natural forest is allocated for production forest - frequently unsuccessfully managed, leading to severe degradation and deforestation of the concession. Many IUCN Red Listed Species predicted end of the forest (WWF) in 2014

28 Indonesia Forest Restoration June 2004, the Indonesian Government issued the Minister of Forestry decree on Ecosystem Restoration in Production Forests. Joint effort of Burung Indonesia, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), and BirdLife International New model of forest concession that meet economic goals 60 (+35) year forestry concession no logging

29 Indonesia Forest Restoration More than 170 'green jobs' have been created in forest conservation e.g. tree nurseries in villages 100,000 ha conserved Planting more than five million trees Illegal logging significantly decreased and forest fires gone Asiatic Wild Dog, Malayan Tapir, Great Argus and Sumatran Tigers (20) using the concession Funding from REDD+ carbon credits Eight more concessions applied for in progress

30 Growth in the number of Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAs), Govan et al. 2009

31 Congress Legacy Need to rebrand protected areas as solutions to global problems Protecting other values: carbon, watersheds, flood control, wild food relatives Full range of PA governance - private, indigenous, community Restoration soluation - degraded habitats within & around PAs. Mainstream PAs in development and climate change adaptation strategies More and larger protected areas: better representivity and more focus on key biodiversity areas Connectivity conservation - landscapes/seascapes

32 Protected Areas: Natural Solutions

33 Ecosystems Play a Significant Role in the Global Carbon Cycle Forests 35% of land area, 50% terrestrial C Remove 2.4 b tons of C per year from the atmosphere (=1/3 fossil fuel emissions) Oceans remove another 1.7 b tons C/yr Wetlands, seagrass beds, mangroves, kelp forests some of the most efficient C sinks. Land conversion accounts for 20% global emissions Deforestation contributes 1.6 b ton C per year. Peatlands cover 3% land area; but with degradation accounts for 6% of all fossil fuel CO2 emissions. (Indonesia 3 rd Carbon emissions)

34 Protected Forests and Water Security 33/105 major cities depend on PAs for domestic water Jakarta, Quito, New York Forests reduce sedimentation extend life of irrigation canals and dams e.g. Bogani Nani Wartabone NP, Nakai Nam Theun2 Value to downstream agriculture Madagascar, Western North America

35 Measures of success Targets reached Solutions implemented Capacity developed Policy changed Legacy established

36 See you in Sydney November,