Conditions of Paved Roads in Carbon County, Wyoming

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1 Conditions of Paved Roads in Carbon County, Wyoming By Promothes Saha, Ph.D. and Khaled Ksaibati, Ph.D., P.E. Wyoming Technology Transfer Center University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, ; May, 2015

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS... 1 LIST OF FIGURES... 2 LIST OF TABLES... 3 LIST OF APPENDICES... 4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND Road Segmentation Pavement Condition Parameters Rut Depths (RD) International Roughness Index (IRI) Pavement Condition Index (PCI) Pavement Serviceability Indexes (PSI) Pavement Thickness CARBON COUNTY DATA Carbon County Paved Roads Traffic Counts and Road Widths Pavement Condition Assessments Rut Depths (RD) International Roughness Index (IRI) Pavement Condition Index (PCI) Pavement Serviceability Indexes (PSI) Pavement Thickness Assessments SUMMARY REFERENCES APPENDIX

4 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Pavement Management System Data Included in this Report Figure 2: Rut Depth in Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads Figure 3: Rut Depth Conditions in Carbon County Figure 4: Roughness (IRI) Values in Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads Figure 5: Roughness (IRI) in Carbon County Figure 6: PCI of Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads Figure 7: Pavement Condition Index (PCI) In Carbon County Figure 8: PSI of Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads Figure 9: Pavement Serviceability Index (PSI) in Carbon County Figure 10: Carbon County versus Statewide Average Pavement Thicknesses Figure 11: Asphalt Thicknesses of Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads Figure 12: Base Thicknesses of Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads Figure 13: Asphalt Thickness in Carbon County Figure 14: Base Thickness in Carbon County Figure 15: Average Asphalt Thickness of Carbon County and Other County Roads Figure 16: Average Base Thickness of Carbon County and Other County Roads Figure 17: Average Road Thickness of Carbon County and Other County Roads

5 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Sample of Pavement Thicknesses Table 2: Summary of County Paved Roads in Carbon County Table 3: Rut Depth in Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads Table 4: Roughness (IRI) Values in Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads Table 5: PCI of Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads Table 6: PSI of Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads Table 7: Asphalt Thicknesses of Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads Table 8: Base Thicknesses of Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads

6 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A-1: Carbon County Pavement Condition Summaries Appendix A-2: Carbon County Paved Roads Appendix A-3: Carbon County Segmented Roads Appendix A-4: Traffic Counts on Selected Roads in Carbon County Appendix A-5: Traffic Count Locations and Road Widths in Carbon County Appendix A-6: Width of Selected Roads in Carbon County

7 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS The following table describes the various abbreviations and acronyms used throughout the report: Abbreviation ADT ADTT ASTM FHWA GIS GPR GPS IRI MAP-21 PCI PMS PSI STIC WACERS WCCA WYDOT WYT 2 /LTAP Meaning Average Daily Traffic Average Daily Truck Traffic American Society for Testing and Materials Federal Highway Administration Geographic Information System Ground Penetrating Radar Global Positioning System International Roughness Index Moving Ahead for Progress in 21 st Century Pavement Condition Index Pavement Management System Pavement Serviceability Index State Transportation Innovation Council Wyoming Association of County Engineers and Road Supervisors Wyoming County Commissioner Association Wyoming Department of Transportation Wyoming Technology Transfer Center 5

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9 1 INTRODUCTION In 2014, the Wyoming County Commissioner Association (WCCA), Wyoming Department of Transportation (WYDOT) and the State Transportation Innovation Council (STIC) supported funding a project to develop a comprehensive database for Pavement Management System (PMS) of county paved roads. As a result, a comprehensive effort was conducted by the Wyoming Technology Transfer Center (WYT 2 /LTAP) to collect roadway inventory data, pavement condition data and roadway thicknesses. The pavement condition data includes: Rut Depths, International Roughness Index (IRI), Pavement Condition Index (PCI) and Pavement Serviceability Index (PSI). The findings of this project are summarized in three main elements: reports for each individual county, a statewide report, and a comprehensive database published in ArcGIS online hosted by the WYT 2 /LTAP center. This report summarizes pavement condition and thicknesses in Carbon County. In the state of Wyoming, there are a total of 27,831 miles of roadway owned and maintained by federal, state, and local entities. Sixty-three percent of these roads are maintained by local governments. According to Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21 st Century Act (MAP-21), each state is required to develop a Pavement Management System (PMS) to improve or preserve the present pavement condition and the performance of the system (FHWA 2014). Currently, all states have their own pavement management plan. WYDOT utilizes their PMS to maintain 7,402 miles of interstate and state highways (Saha and Ksaibati 2015). The WYDOT PMS does not include roads maintained by local governments. These local roads include 2,444 miles of county paved roads (approximately 8.8% of total) that are being impacted by modern industrial activities such as oil and gas industry (Huntington, et al. 2013). Many of these county roads were built over 40 years ago and have had inconsistent maintenance, resulting in overall poor road conditions. Moreover, the growth of oil and gas industries has increased truck traffic on many county roads. Increased truck traffic, no maintenance database, and limited funding necessitate the development of an innovative PMS to utilize resources more efficiently for these county paved roads. In the summer of 2014, the WYT 2 /LTAP center collected the required data for evaluating and assessing the condition of county paved roads. This report provides information about current pavement conditions for Carbon County. This study provides varying amounts of information about the conditions of paved roads. Consistency in data collection throughout the state is essential if any statewide efforts are to be made to quickly respond to imminent, rapid increases in heavy traffic on paved roads. WYDOT contracts annually with Pathway Services to survey the state highways. This contract was expanded to include county paved roads in By using the same data collection procedures on the state and county roads, comparisons can be made between the two networks. In order to collect pavement thickness data on all county paved roads, the WYT 2 /LTAP contracted with Resource International, Inc. which used Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technology to 7

10 determine the thickness of asphalt and base layers. The data included in this report is shown graphically in Figure 1. Figure 1: Pavement Management System Data Included in this Report. 8

11 2 BACKGROUND 2.1 Road Segmentation A primary task in any PMS is to create a list of roadway segments that have uniform performance conditions along their lengths. When maintenance records are limited and inconsistent among different counties, roadways can be segmented based on the perceived usage levels, changes in surface type, and major intersections where traffic either diverts or converges with a road. Locations of the road segments are established with global positioning system (GPS) technology and stored in a geographic information system (GIS) database. This segmentation was performed by WYT 2 /LTAP staff and Pathway Services. 2.2 Pavement Condition Parameters The Pathway Services automated data collection van operates at normal highway speeds to collect three types of information for each road: automated rutting data expressed in inches (RUT); International Roughness Index (IRI); and video logs of the pavement and roadside Rut Depths (RD) The rut depth is a measure of permanent deformation of pavement. WYDOT identifies any roads with rutting greater than 0.3 inches as potentially hazardous (Huntington, et al. 2013) International Roughness Index (IRI) The IRI is the roughness index commonly used for representing ride quality. IRI is represented as units of slope (in/mi). The thresholds used by (Huntington, et al. 2013) for defining condition based on the IRI are as follows: Excellent: Less than 70 in./mi Good: in./mi Fair: in./mi Poor: in./mi Very Poor: Greater than 170 in./mi Pavement Condition Index (PCI) The PCI was developed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers ranging from 0 and 100 quantifying the condition of a roadway based on surface distresses, where 100 represents the best possible condition and 0 represents the worst possible condition. A pavement condition index (PCI) for each segment is generated by observing the video logs from cameras facing the pavement surface. For each segment, several sections are sampled and distresses are measured by an operator using specialized software that facilitates distress evaluation. From these distress measurements, the PCI is calculated. 9

12 The primary uses of PCI include identifying immediate maintenance and rehabilitation needs, monitoring pavement condition over time, develop a network preventive maintenance strategy, develop road maintenance budgets, and evaluate pavement materials and designs. Huntington et al. (2013) used the thresholds for defining pavement condition based on the PCI. Conditions are divided into three categories: (1) Good: Greater than 85, (2) Fair: 70-85, and (3) Poor: Less than Pavement Serviceability Indexes (PSI) PSI provides a single number on a scale from 0 to 5 that evaluates the overall condition of the pavement from the traveling public s perspective. The following equation is used by WYDOT to calculate the PSI of the state highway system: PSI = 5.35e IRI 4RUT 2 3 (1 ( PCI 100 )) Where: IRI is the International Roughness Index (inches/mile) RUT is the mean Rut Depth (inches) PCI is the Pavement Condition Index (based on ASTM D6433) The following rating scale is used in this project to describe the condition of roads with a particular PSI value: Greater than Excellent Condition Good Condition Fair Condition Poor Condition Less than Very Poor Condition 2.3 Pavement Thickness In this study, pavement thicknesses were established using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). This data was collected on all county paved roads. Specialized software was used to convert the signals from the GPR into pavement thicknesses. Table 1 is a sample of GPR data provided by Resource International, Inc. These pavement thicknesses over 100 segments were aggregated to segment lengths by staff at the WYT 2 /LTAP center. Pavement thicknesses of all roads in Carbon County can be found in Appendix A-1. GPS Coordinates Latitude Longitude Table 1: Sample of Pavement Thicknesses. Road I.D. ML5134B From MP 0.00 to MP 0.28 Average Average Average Base Distance (ft) Asphalt Asphalt Thickness (in) Thickness (in) Dielectric 10 Average Base Dielectric

13 3 CARBON COUNTY DATA Data from multiple sources such as GIS layer of county paved roads, traffic counts, pavement condition, and road thickness were summarized for Carbon County in this report. Appendix A-1 provides the list of the roadway segments with pavement conditions (Rut Depth, IRI, PCI and PSI) and pavement thicknesses (asphalt and base thickness). This chapter describes the overall conditions of Carbon County paved roads. 3.1 Carbon County Paved Roads As shown in Table 2, there are 10 county paved roads in Carbon County with 53 miles. These 10 roads are divided into 17 roadway segments. Carbon County paved roads and roadway segments can be seen in Appendix A-2 and Appendix A-3 respectively. Table 2: Summary of County Paved Roads in Carbon County. All County Carbon Percentage County Total Length, miles 2, % Total Number of Roads % Total Number of Segments 2, % Minimum Segment Length, mile Maximum Segment Length, mile Traffic Counts and Road Widths Although this study did not include any funding to collect pavement widths or traffic counts, the WY T 2 /LTAP center collected traffic and roadway width data on selected segments in Carbon County. This information is summarized in Appendix A-4, Appendix A-5 and Appendix A Pavement Condition Assessments Rut Depths (RD) Table 3 and Figure 2 show the average rut depth divided into two categories: greater than 0.3 inches and less than 0.3 inches in Carbon County and statewide county roads. Figure 3 shows the rut depth of each paved road segment in Carbon County. 11

3 inches or less 52 97% 2122 87% Missing 1 2% 95 4% Total 53 100% 2,444 100% 1 0 2% 1% 95 4% 227 9% 52 97% 2122

14 Table 3: Rut Depth in Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads. Carbon County Statewide County Roads Mileage Percentage Mileage Percentage More than 0.3 inches 0 1% 227 9% 0.3 inches or less 52 97% % Missing 1 2% 95 4% Total % 2, % 1 0 2% 1% 95 4% 227 9% 52 97% % Carbon County Statewide County Roads 0.3 inches or less More than 0.3 inches Missing Figure 2: Rut Depth in Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads. 12

15 Figure 3: Rut Depth Conditions in Carbon County. 13

3.3.2 International Roughness Index (IRI) Table 4 and Figure 4

39 percent of the roads in Carbon County have very poor

Figure 5 shows the roughness condition of each paved road

Table 4: Roughness (IRI) Values in Carbon County versus

Carbon County Statewide County Roads Condition Mileage

5% Good (70 100) 25 48% 346 14% Fair (101 130) 0 0% 248 10% Poor

51% Missing 1 2% 95 4% Total 53 100% 2,444 100% 1 2% 21 39% 6

16 3.3.2 International Roughness Index (IRI) Table 4 and Figure 4 show the roughness conditions (IRI) in Carbon County. 39 percent of the roads in Carbon County have very poor roughness values. Figure 5 shows the roughness condition of each paved road segment in Carbon County. Table 4: Roughness (IRI) Values in Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads. Carbon County Statewide County Roads Condition Mileage Percentage Mileage Percentage Excellent (Less than 70) 0 0% 121 5% Good (70 100) 25 48% % Fair ( ) 0 0% % Poor ( ) 6 11% % Very Poor (Greater than 170) 21 39% % Missing 1 2% 95 4% Total % 2, % 1 2% 21 39% 6 11% 25 48% % 95 4% 121 5% % % % Carbon County Statewide County Roads Less than Greater than 170 Missing Figure 4: Roughness (IRI) Values in Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads. 14

17 Figure 5: Roughness (IRI) in Carbon County. 15

3.3.3 Pavement Condition Index (PCI) Table 5 and Figure 6 show

Figure 7 shows graphically the PCI levels of all Carbon County

Table 5: PCI of Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads.

Percentage Less than 70 0 0% 479 20% 70-85 21 39% 601 25%

100% 2,444 100% 1 2% 106 4% 21 40% 479 20% 31 58% 1259 51% 601

18 3.3.3 Pavement Condition Index (PCI) Table 5 and Figure 6 show the PCI summary of all paved Carbon county roads. Figure 7 shows graphically the PCI levels of all Carbon County paved roads. Table 5: PCI of Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads. Carbon County Statewide County Roads Mileage Percentage Mileage Percentage Less than % % % % Greater than % % Missing 1 2% 106 4% Total % 2, % 1 2% 106 4% 21 40% % 31 58% % % Carbon County Statewide County Roads Less than Greater than 85 Missing Figure 6: PCI of Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads. 16

19 Figure 7: Pavement Condition Index (PCI) In Carbon County. 17

3.3.4 Pavement Serviceability Indexes (PSI) Table 6 and Figure 8 show the summaries of PSI divided into five

50% of the segments in Carbon County are in poor condition, whereas 68% of the statewide segments are in poor

Table 6: PSI of Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads.

5 0 0% 177 7% 2.51-3.0 25 48% 239 10% 2-2.

20 3.3.4 Pavement Serviceability Indexes (PSI) Table 6 and Figure 8 show the summaries of PSI divided into five categories for Carbon county and statewide county roads. 50% of the segments in Carbon County are in poor condition, whereas 68% of the statewide segments are in poor condition. Figure 9 shows graphically the PSI level for each segment in Carbon County. Table 6: PSI of Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads. Carbon County Statewide County Roads Mileage Percentage Mileage Percentage Greater than % 78 3% % 177 7% % % % 187 8% Less than % % Missing 1 2% 106 4% Total % 2, % 1 2% 106 4% 78 3% 177 7% 26 50% 25 48% % 187 8% % Carbon County Statewide County Roads Less than Greater than Missing Figure 8: PSI of Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads. 18

21 Figure 9: Pavement Serviceability Index (PSI) in Carbon County. 19

22 Average Thickness (in) 3.4 Pavement Thickness Assessments Figure 10 shows the summaries of the average asphalt and base thicknesses for Carbon County and statewide county roads Asphalt Base 2 0 Road Base Asphalt Road Base Asphalt Carbon County Roads Statewide County Roads Figure 10: Carbon County versus Statewide Average Pavement Thicknesses. Table 7 and Figure 11 show the mileage distribution for different values of asphalt thickness in Carbon County and statewide county roads. Similarly, Table 8 and Figure 12 show the mileage distribution for different values of base thickness in Carbon County and statewide county roads. Asphalt and base thickness were classified into five different categories based on the thickness. Each figure depicts the percentage and mileage classified into each category. Figure 13 and Figure 14 show the maps of the distribution of roads in different colors based on asphalt and bases thickness respectively. Table 7: Asphalt Thicknesses of Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads. Carbon County Statewide County Roads Thickness Categories Mileage Percentage Mileage Percentage Less than 3 inches 5 10% % 3 4 inches 7 13% % inches 35 66% % inches 5 9% % Greater than 8 inches 0 1% 112 5% Missing 0 0% 25 1% Total % 2, % 20

23 0 1% 5 9% 0 0% 5 10% 7 14% 112 4% % % 25 1% % 35 66% % Carbon County Statewide County Roads Less than 3 inches inches inches Greater than 8 inches inches Missing Figure 11: Asphalt Thicknesses of Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads. Table 8: Base Thicknesses of Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads. Carbon County Statewide County Roads Thickness Categories Mileage Percentage Mileage Percentage Less than 4 inches 1 1% 112 5% 4 6 inches 4 8% % inches 34 63% % inches 10 19% % Greater than 10 inches 0 1% % Missing 4 7% % Total % 2, % 21

24 0 1% 10 19% 4 7% 1 1% 4 8% % % 112 4% % % 34 64% % Carbon County Less than 4 inches inches Statewide County Roads inches inches Greater than 10 inches Missing Figure 12: Base Thicknesses of Carbon County versus Statewide County Roads. 22

25 Figure 13: Asphalt Thickness in Carbon County. 23

26 Figure 14: Base Thickness in Carbon County. 24

27 Sweetwater Washakie Sheridan Big Horn Converse Freemont Teton Carbon Lincoln Uinta Natrona Sublette Goshen Crook Park Johnson Laramie Niobrara Albany Hot Springs Platte Campbell Weston Thickness (in) Campbell Uinta Weston Freemont Hot Springs Natrona Sublette Converse Carbon Teton Park Goshen Big Horn Crook Washakie Laramie Sheridan Albany Sweetwater Platte Johnson Lincoln Niobrara Thickness (in) Figure 15 and Figure 16 show the average asphalt and base thicknesses in Carbon County (highlighted in red color) compared to other counties. Figure 17 shows the combined thicknesses Figure 15: Average Asphalt Thickness of Carbon County and Other County Roads Figure 16: Average Base Thickness of Carbon County and Other County Roads. 25

28 Uinta Campbell Freemont Washakie Converse Sweetwater Sheridan Big Horn Carbon Teton Natrona Sublette Lincoln Goshen Park Crook Hot Springs Laramie Albany Johnson Weston Platte Niobrara Thickness (in) Asphalt Base Figure 17: Average Road Thickness of Carbon County and Other County Roads. 26

29 4 SUMMARY This report provided the datasets and summaries for the condition of paved Carbon County roads. Additionally, the raw datasets are provided on the companion hard drive which contains the data electronically. Moreover, a combined dataset showing pavement conditions and roadway thicknesses on a map is presented by ArcGIS online in this link: The conditions of all county paved roads will be summarized in a comprehensive report which will be available in the near future. If you have any question about the contents of this report, please contact: Khaled Ksaibati, Ph.D., P.E. Director, Wyoming Technology Transfer Center University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, ; Khaled@uwyo.edu 27

30 REFERENCES FHWA Asset Management. Accessed May 23, Huntington, G., A. Pearce, N. Stroud, J. Jones, and K. Ksaibati Mitigating Impacts of Oil and Gas Traffic on Southeastern Wyoming County Roads. Cheyenne: Wyoming Department of Transportation. Saha, P., and K. Ksaibati "A Risk-based Optimization Methodology for Managing County Paved Roads." The 94th Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting

31 APPENDIX Appendix A-1: Carbon County Pavement Condition Summaries. COUNTY RID Begin MP End MP Primary Name Rut IRI PCI PSI 2014 Asphalt / Concrete Thickness Base Thickness Carbon ML20264B Missing Missing Missing Missing Carbon ML20264B Missing Missing Missing Missing Carbon ML5428B Elk Mountain-Medicine Bow Road Missing Carbon ML5457B Hanna Leo, Kortes Road Carbon ML5457B Hanna Leo, Kortes Road Carbon ML5463B Old Lincoln Highway Carbon ML5465B Sinclair-Platt River/Golf Course Road Carbon ML5469B N Carbon ML5471B Seminoe Road Carbon ML5471B Seminoe Road Carbon ML5480B C.I.G. Road Carbon ML5491B Saratoga/10 Mile/Ryan Park Road No Paved Road No Paved Road Carbon ML5491B Saratoga/10 Mile/Ryan Park Road Carbon ML5491B Saratoga/10 Mile/Ryan Park Road Carbon ML5491B Saratoga/10 Mile/Ryan Park Road Missing Carbon ML5491B Saratoga/10 Mile/Ryan Park Road Missing Carbon ML5523B Snake River Spur

32 Appendix A-2: Carbon County Paved Roads. 30

33 Appendix A-3: Carbon County Segmented Roads. 31

34 Appendix A-4: Traffic Counts on Selected Roads in Carbon County. 85th Percentile Speed Date of Data Collection County RID Road Name Beg MP End MP ADT ADTT Carbon ML20264B Seminoi Road /29/2014 Carbon ML5465B Sinclair_Platt/Golf Course Road /29/2014 Carbon ML5469B 347N /29/2014 Carbon ML5471B Seminoi Road /29/2014 Carbon ML5476B Sage Creek Road /29/2014 Carbon ML5480B C.I.G. Road /29/

35 Appendix A-5: Traffic Count Locations and Road Widths in Carbon County. 33

36 Appendix A-6: Width of Selected Roads in Carbon County. County RID Beg MP End MP Primary Name Road Width, ft. Carbon ML20264B Seminoe Road 26.0 Carbon ML20264B Seminoe Road 26.0 Carbon ML5465B Sinclair-Platt River/Golf Course Road 26.0 Carbon ML5471B Seminoe Road 26.0 Carbon ML5471B Seminoe Road 26.0 Carbon ML5476B Sage Creek Road 34.0 Carbon ML5476B Sage Creek Road 34.0 Carbon ML5476B Sage Creek Road

A RISK-BASED OPTIMIZATION METHODOLOGY FOR MANAGING COUNTY PAVED ROADS

A RISK-BASED OPTIMIZATION METHODOLOGY FOR MANAGING COUNTY PAVED ROADS Promothes Saha, M.Sc. Graduate Research Student Department of Civil & Architectural Engineering University of Wyoming Office: EN 3096