Innovation in wood technology. New uses for Mediterranean woods Prof. Manuela Romagnoli

Transcription

1 Innovation in wood technology. New uses for Mediterranean woods Prof. Manuela Romagnoli Wood science and technology

2 Definition and trends Definition: Applicative dimension of an invention Product (Solid wood material and composites ) Technological process Organization of new forest-wood chains Technical standards: state of art. They become instrument for innovation only when used as a procedure to test new materials and products. Actual trend in innovation in wood industry Renewable material Eco-friendly Sustainable Durable High Technological Performances Moldable

3 Key process of innovation Gluing Improvement of durability service life Technical performances of wood adhesives Technical constructions Gluing/welding wood Impregnation/Coating

4 Most important assumption: species INFC Volume million m3 AREA (ha)

5 1. Greater uniformity and predictability of chemical, mechanical and physical properties. 2. Lower MFA 3. Higher growth and yeld (lower cost per ton delivered or per ton carbon). 4. In conifers longer and more flexible tracheids (fibers) 5. Less juvenile wood 6. Lower moisture content Higher specific density Higher (lower) cellulose content Decreased (increased) or modified lignin content High versatility to produce innovative products

6 Shape and size the most limiting factors Irregular shape can be used for valuable artefacts

7 Innovation in mediterranean area: now the state of art. Corsican pine LOAD BEARING STRUCTURES Chestnut

8 EN 1912, Structural timber - Strength classes - Assignment of visual grades and species Country Species EN : Timber structures Strength graded structural timber with rectangular cross section Spain Portugal Italy Germany, France Maritime pine, Maritime pine, laricio pine, Corsican pine and chestnut Beech, Oak

9 Building: glued products Structural product Glulam XLAM LVL, LVT, PSL, CLT, KVH Species Hardwoods Pines of mediterranean area Combined species SPECIES Conifers: spruce, pines Hardwoods: birch Gluing Natural gluing No gluing Structure of the panel Thickness of the boards

10 Innovation: beech glulam. Credit Peter Niemz Adhesives: 1C- PUR (different producers), PRF (Areodux 185), Melamin (Dynea) Primers: HMR, N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), (known as a swelling agent for wood), priming agent named Desmodur VKS 20 (VKS), Henkel Primer PR 3105 Constructions from «neue Holzbau», Lungern /Switzerland with ash wood Niemz P., Amman S., Mechanical performances of glue joints in structural hardwoods elements. IAWA, Paris 1-3 June 2016

11 defect Laminated bending castagno fresatura Gluing Brunetti M., Silvestri A., Nocetti M., Burato P., Portoghesi L., Carbone F., Romagnoli M Travi lamellari in castagno. Innovazione di prodotto nella filiera del legno per uso strutturale. Sherwood, 215:

12 X-LAM:mmediterranean species. Per cortesia di Massimo Fragiacomo

13 Natural glues Spina S and Zhou X and Segovia C and Pizzi A and ROMAGNOLI M. and Giovando S and Pasch H and Rode K and Delmotte L.}, Phenolic resin wood panel adhesives based on chestnut (Castanea sativa) hydrolysable tannins. International Journal of Wood products, 4: Romagnoli M., Segoloni E, Luna M, Margaritelli A, Gatti M, Santamaria U, Vinciguerra V Wood Colour in Lapacho (Tabebuia serratifolia): Chemical Composition and Industrial Implications. Wood Science and Technology, 47: Santoni I., Pizzo B., Evaluation of alternative vegetable proteins as wood adhesives. Industrial Crops and Products: Tannins Pea, Starch Table 2. TMA results: average value of MOE maximum and maximum temperature at curing occurs for different proportions of PF/Chestnut tannin in the adhesive formulations Phenol/Chestnut tannin ratio Average value of Temperature at maximum MOE MOE max (MPa) ( C) 50/ / / / / / / / >240

14 WOOD TREATMENTS Preservants Waterbased Antiweathering Fireproof treatments

15 Improved durability. Heat-treatments. New species Sapwood Poor wood quality (stained wood, low durability) In general lower mechanical performances

16 Humar M., De Angelis M., Romagnoli M., Kržišnik D., Thaler N., Lesar B., Can be Pinus pinea wood in outdoor application?. IAWS, Paris 1-3 June 180 C 195 C 210 C 220 C 240 C 16

17 BIOCHEMICALS Extractive content Lypophilic extractives [mg/g] Humar M., De Angelis M., Romagnoli M., Kržišnik D., Thaler N., Lesar B., Can be Pinus pinea wood in outdoor application?. IAWS, Paris 1-3 June Extractive content Hydrophilic extractives [mg/g] Knots and heartwood are a resource

18 MOLDABLE PRODUCT: WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITES

19 Passive PASSIVE NANOTECHNOLOGY Applied treatments with nanoparticles Consolidants Preservants (CUbased, IPBC based) ACTIVE Source of biochemicals and nanofibers

20 Cellulose Courtesy Fortunati E. MCF NNC..

21 Nanocrystalline Cellulose Most important characters of NNC compared to carbon fibers and glass fibers Renewable Biodegradable Low cost Light Moderate Mechanical Properties Sensitivity to Moisture High crystalline structure Large aspect ratio (ca. 70) High surface area (ca. 150 m 2 /g) Madsen et al. 2013

22 Nanocrystals of cellulose Wood vs. Plant fibers biomass WOOD PLANT FIBERS Low cost Short fibers, better processability Utilization of pulp and paper mills No competition with food crops High productivity High cellulose content Long fibers with the possibility to control fiber orientation and lay-up Supply from Textile Industry

23 Mediterranean wood important perspectives as biomass as high value products

24 Many thanks for your attention Manuela Romagnoli AD MAJORA